Degradation of antibiotic tetracycline using H2O2/TiO2/UV/microwave system

Chan-Seo You,Tae-Sik Kim,Young-Kwon Park,Kay-Hyeok An,Sang-Chul Jung 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.127 No.-

In this study, we report the effective decomposition of the antibiotic tetracycline (TC), which contaminatesthe aquatic environment using a H2O2/TiO2/UV/microwave system. The addition of hydrogen peroxideor irradiating the decomposition reaction solution with microwaves during decomposition couldnot individually generate OH radicals. However, when a microwave discharge lamp (MDL) was used inaddition to the hydrogen peroxide during the decomposition, many OH radicals were generated withmore than 90% TC decomposition. Likewise, using microwaves and ultraviolet light (from the MDL)together with hydrogen peroxide showed a positive synergistic effect on TC decomposition. Meanwhile, during the decomposition of TC using the H2O2/TiO2/UV/microwave system, we expected areduction in molecular weight by N-demethylation, hydroxylation, dehydration, and ring-opening reactions,and finally mineralized into CO2, H2O, and N-minerals. This study highlights the importance of OHradicals in the decomposition reaction and a method of efficiently generating OH radicals during decompositionusing hydrogen peroxide. Finally, the developed new advanced oxidation process (AOP) wasjudged to be sufficiently applicable for removing organic compounds that are difficult to decompose inaquatic environments.

외상성 척수손상에 대한 Myelotomy의 효과에 관한 실험적 연구

계종수,이기찬 대한신경외과학회 1981 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.10 No.1

This study involved 29 adult cats with acute spinal cord injuries produced experimentally in which a myelotomy was performed in 10 cats one hour (]-hour myelotomy group) after and in remaining 9 animals 6 hours (6-hour myelotomy group) after the injury. The remaining 10 animals served as controls and were only subjected to the spinal cord injury. The spinal cord injury with 400 gm-cm blow was inflicted by dropping a 20gm cylindrical weight from a height of 20cm onto the impounder rested epidurally over the entire dorsal surface of the cord at T 10 or T 12 vertebral level. Under the operating microscope, a myelotomy, dorsal midline longitudinal, approximately 1.0 cm to 1.5 cm long, was made at the injury site. The myelotomy extended 4 mm into cord completely through to the anterior surface of the cord. Animals were evaluated neurologically after the injury in time sequence of 4 hours, 8 hours, 2 days 4 days and 7 days after which they were sacrified, and the spinal cord and meninges were removed for pathological study. Acute spinal cord injury produced in this study immediately resulted in total paralysis of both hind limbs in all animals after injury and the weakness lasted throughout whole experimental period. There was no significant improvement in recovery of neurological function in control and in 6-hour myelotomy groups, but there was a significant improvement in recovery of motor function in the group of 1-hour myelotomy animals as compaired with the other groups. Histopathological findings of injured spinal cord were mainly those of hemorrhage, necrosis of cavity formation in the central gray and degenerative changes in the white and gray matters, and of edema and swelling of the spinal cord. In the group treated with myelotomy after the injury, the degree of destruction of the spinal cord was lesser histologically than those in control group, and that, in the group of 1-hour myelotomy, no central cavitation or necrosis were observed. It was observed that the neurological functional deficits tended to correlate with the degree of destruction to the spinal cord, and when the myelotomy was done earlier in the post-traumatic period and extended for the full depth of the cord, the improvemet of neurological function and the prevention of further destruction of the spinal cord were significant. It is well to say that a number of possible mechanism to account for this beneficial effectiveness of myelotomy may be attributed to drainage of blood and necrotic tissue from the injury site. Myelotomy may prevent cavitation of spinal cord, and thus prevent the surviving axons from further damage, and it may reduce tissue pressure.

좌골신경 주사손상에 대한 실험적 연구 : 생리학적 연구 Physiological Study

계종수,이기찬,주정화 고려대학교 의과대학 1976 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.13 No.1

This experimental study was conducted in order to observe the change and degree of the functional disability of the sciatic nerve following injection of various drugs such as Rheumapyrine, Chloromycetin, Penicillin and physiological normal saline solution. In clinical practice a serious sciatic nerve injury may result from an erroneous injection of commonly used antibiotics and other therapeutic or prophylactic agents into the gluteal region, which can occur at any age, especially common in infants, children and small debilitated patients. Thirty-six normal adult rabbits were divided into four groups depending on injected materials and also divided into two groups of simple exposure and closure of the nerve and of simple puncture of the exposed nerve with injection needle. The drugs were injected into the right sciatic nerve intraneurally and around the left sciatic nerve perineurally. For the functional study in the nerve, needle electrode was inserted into the calf muscle which was pick-up muscle, and nerve potential was recorded on electromyography (EMG) and motor nerve conduction velocity(M. N. C. V. ) was also measured in the calf muscle at intervals of 3,7,10 and 14 days after the injection. In normal control group, electrical activity on E M G was silent in resting state of muscle and was normal motor unit action potential(normal motor unit) in volition state by demonstrating biphasic or triphasic wave patterns. Distal latency averaged 1.1 msec and the amplitude of action potential was average 6.4 mV. Two experimental groups of simple exposure and closure of the nerve and of simple puncture of the exposed nerve with injection needle showed identical E M G findings with those in normal control group. In E M G findings of both normal saline and Chloromycetin injection groups, there were no significant differences in comparison with those in normal control group. Abnormal EMG findings were observed in both Penicillin and Rheumapyrine groups, which showed fibrilliation potential and positive sharp wave in resting state and decreased amplitude or reduced numbers of normal motor unit in volition state, along with delayed M. N. C. V. No abnormal EMG findings were observed in the left side where the drugs were injected around the sciatic nerve perineurally. Two of five cases with penicillin injection showed denervation potentials and delayed M. N. C. V. 10 days after the injection, while all cases with Rheumapyrine injection started t o demonstrate the denervaxion patterns on E M G and delayed M.X.C.V. 3 days after the injection, and these abnormal findings were become more evident and severe to be partial or complete denervation as the time elapsed following the injection. It was postulated that functonal and physiolgical disabilities recorded on E M G were developed after the injection only when there was a severe degree of nerve damages on the basis of histopathological study.

만성뇌경막하혈종에 대한 임상적 고찰

계종수,서중근,이기찬,주정화 대한신경외과학회 1975 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.4 No.1

Chronic subdural hematoma is a relatively common disease which is practically always secondary to severe or minor injury to the head but may occur In connection with blood dyscrasias or cachexia in the absence of trauma. Early diagnosis and proper operative treatment result in complete recovery In most cases, but the outcome without operative treatment is almost invariably fatal. During 1972 to 1975, 28 patients with chronic subdural hematoma were examined and operated in the Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University, and clinical observation and analysis were made particularly of the relationship of age to clinical and pathological findings. Incidence of hematoma was predominated by men and estimated as 71.4% of total cases over the age group of 31 to 40 years and in the group of under 10 years were found in 3 cases. A history of craniocerebral trauma in varying degree was obtained In 23 cases(82%), and remainings had no history of it or any other illness. The average time interval from trauma to operation was 31.7 days and it was shorter in the young patients who had more evidence of increased intracranial pressure. The prevalence of the most commonly encountered symptoms and signs, especially in different age groups were analyzed. Headache was by far the commonest symptom in this series, being present in 20(71.4%) vomiting in vomiting in 15(53.6%), hemiparesis in 13(16.4%) speech disturbance in 5(18%), papilledema in 16(57.2%), and convulsion in 2(7.14%). There was a tendency that young patients had headache more frequent and severe than the older patients, while mental symptoms, such as somnolence, confusion, and memory loss were significantly more frequent in the older age group. Hemiparesis and other pyramidal tract signs were more frequent in the older age group. Leukocytosis in peripheral blood was investigated in 75% of cases and roentgenograms of the skull showed evidence of a linear fracture in 10 of the total cases. Carotid angiograms were of diagnostic value in that they demonstrated a lentiform shaped avascular zone by in 28% and a crescent shaped-one in the remainders by an inward displacement of the terminal branches of the middle cerebral artery. The hematomas were most frequently found in the parietotemporal region. The thickness of the hematomas as measured from angiograms increased with the age of the patient. On]y 1 of 28 cases died of reaccumulation of blood in the subdural space and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract following the operation. Excellent recovery following operation is obtained in 82% of the cases at the time of discharge from hospital.

외상적 척수손상에 대한 Myelotomy의 효과에 관한 실험적 연구

계종수,이기찬 고려대학교 의과대학 1981 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.18 No.1

This study involved 29 adult cats with acute spinal cord injuries produced experimentally in which a myelotomy was performed in 10 cats one hour (1-hour myelotomy group) after and in remaining 9 animals 6 hours (6-hour myelotomy group) after the injury. The remaining 10 animals served as controls and were only subjected to the spinal cord injury. The spinal cord injury with 400 gm-cm blow was inflicted by dropping a 20 gm cylindrical weight from a height of 20 cm onto the impounder rested epidurally over the entire dorsal surface of the cord at T10 or T12 vertebral level. Under the operating microscope, a myelotomy, dorsal midline longitudinal, approximately 1.0㎝ to 1.5㎝ long, was made at the injury site. The myelotomy extended 4㎜ into cord completely through to the anterior surface of the cord. Animals were evaluated neurologically after the injury in time sequence of 4 hours, 8 hours, 2 days, 4days and 7 days after which they were sacrificed, and the spinal cord and meninges were removed for pathological study. Acute spinal cord injury produced in this study immediately resulted in total paralysis of both hind limbs in all animals after injury and the weakness lasted throughout whole experimental period. There was no significant improvement in recovery of neurological function in control and in 6-hours myelotomy groups, but there was a significant improvement in recovery of motor function in the group of 1-hour myelotomy animals as compared with the other groups. Histopathological findings of injured spinal cord were mainly those of hemorrhage, necrosis or cavity formation in the central gray and degenerative changes in the white and gray matters, and of edema and swelling of the spinal cord. In the group treated with myelotomy after the injury, the degree of destruction of the spinal cord was lesser histologically than those in control group, and that, in the group of 1-hour myelotomy, no central cavitation or necrosis were observed. It was observed that the neurological functional deficits tended to correlate with the degree of destruction to the spinal cord, and when the myelotomy was done earlier in the post-traumatic period and extended for the full depth of the cord, the improvement of neurlolgical function and the prevention of further destruction of the spinal cord were significant. It is well to say that a number of possible mechanism to account for this beneficial effectiveness of myelotomy may be attributed to drainage of blood and necrotic tissue from the injury site. Myelotomy may prevent cavitation of spinal cord, and thus prevent the surviving axons from further damage, and it may reduce tissue pressure.

흉추에 발생한 척색종의 치험 1례 : Case report

계종수,최호익,이기찬,주정화 대한신경외과학회 1974 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.3 No.2

Chordomas are congenital tumor which develop from remnant of the notochord. Most of them arise at the clivus Blumenbachii, at the junction of the sphenoidal and occipital bones or sacrococcygeal region. Rarely chordomas arise it the thoracic spine, which compress the spinal cord epidurally and sometimes invade the substance of the spinal cord. The authors report a case of chordoma at T-9-T 10 vertebral level in which the characteristic "physaliferous' cells were found in the slides of operative specimen. The tumor was compressing the spinal cord and extending into body and ?????? of the vertebra, which resulted the patient, 52 year-old Korean male, in paraplegia.

Case Report : Hepatic Failure Caused by Reactivation of YMDD Mutants Occurring during Preemptive Lamivudine Therapy

( Chan Ran You ),( Jeong Won Jang ),( Jae Ki Choi ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Seung Kew Yoon ),( Chul Seung Kay ),( Jong Young Choi ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2010 Gut and Liver Vol.4 No.2

Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is a frequent phenomenon in patients receiving immunosuppressants or chemotherapy. It was recently reported that regional therapy, such as transarterial chemotherapy (TAC) or radiotherapy, can also induce HBV reactivation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and this can be prevented by preemptive lamivudine treatment. We report an unusual case of fatal hepatitis caused by reactivation of the tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) lamivudine-resistant strain in a 51-year-old male patient with HCC who was receiving preemptive lamivudine therapy. This patient received combined helical tomotherapy and TAC for the treatment of HCC with pulmonary metastasis. HBV reactivation and hepatitis exacerbation occurred after 2 months of therapy, but preemptive antiviral therapy was continued. Laboratory tests showed that the serum HBV DNA level had increased by more than 10,000-fold and a severe elevation of the aminotransferase level to 1,060 U/L. Although adefovir was added to lamivudine immediately after detecting the YMDD mutants, the patient eventually died of hepatic failure. Our experience suggests that for preemptive therapy, the use of potent antiviral drugs with a low risk of drug resistance as well as close viral monitoring are important for chronic HBV carriers undergoing intensive anticancer therapy. (Gut Liver 2010;4:262-265)

뇌부종에 대한 실험적 연구 : 제2보 Part Ⅱ

이기찬,이영구,전동휘,계종수,주정화 대한신경외과학회 1974 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.3 No.2

The experiments were carried out on 48 rabbits weighing between 1.7 and 2 ㎏. The occurrence and changes of experimental brain edma have been studied by calculating wet weight, volume, dry weight, and percentage of both water content and swelling in the rabbits. The brain edema and swelling were produced by expansion of laminaria which was expanded gradually in the supratentorial extradural space of rabbit, and also, the brain edema wih swelling were induced by intravenous injection of distilled water and pitressin. The effect of mannitol and steroid to these experimental brain edema with swelling and, especially, the effect and reaction of ethyl alcohol and diphenyl hydantoin on brain edema in, distilled-water and pitressin groups were studied and the results obtained are as follows: The weight, volume, and percentages of water content and swelling in the compressed sides of hemisphere showed higher values compared them to the opposite noncompressed hemisphere in the "laminaria-compression" group and showed gradually increasing tendency as the time elapsed. The effect of mannitolization to "laminaria-compression" group showed anti-brain edema reaction while there showed no such effect after steroid injection. The acute brain edema with swelling was demonstrated in pitressin and distilled-water group by showing increased percentages of water and swelling than these of control group. Although the intravenous dilantin injection to these experimental groups showed no appreciable effect on anti-brain edema reaction and effect.

좌골신경주사손상에 대한 실험적 연구 : 제 3 보 : 생리학적연구 Part Ⅲ Physiological study

이기찬,계종수,이영구,박찬의,주정화 대한신경외과학회 1975 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.4 No.2

This experimental study was conducted in order to observe the change and degree of the functional disability of the sciatic nerve following injection of various drugs such as Rheumapyrine, Chloromycetin, Penicillin and physiological normal saline solution. In clinical practice a serious sciatic nerve injury may result from an erroneous injection of commonly used antibiotics and other therapeutic or prophylactic agents into the gluteal region which can occur at any age, especially common in infants, children and small debilitated patients. Thirty-six normal adult rabbits were divided into four groups depending on injected materials and also divided into two groups of simple exposure and closure of the nerve and of simple puncture of the exposed nerve with injection needle. The drugs were injected into the right sciatic nerve intraneurally and around the left sciatic nerve perineurally. For the functional study in the nerve, needle electrode was inserted into the calf muscle which was a pick-up muscle, and nerve potential was recorded on an electromyography (EMG) and motor nerve conduction velocity (M.N.C.V.) was also measured in the calf muscle at interval of 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after the injection. In normal control group, electrical activity on EMG was silent in resting state of the muscle and was normal motor unit action potential (normal motor unit) in volition state by demonstrating biphasic or triphasic wave patterns. Distal latency averaged 1. 1msec and amplitude of action potential was average 6.4mV. The experimental groups of simple exposure and closure of the nerve and of simple puncture of the exposed nerve with injection needle showed idnentical EMG findings with those in normal control group. In EMG findings of both groups of normal saline and Chloromycetin injections, there were no significant differences in comparison with those in normal control group. No abnormal E.M.G. findings were observed in the left side where the drugs were injected around the sciatic nerve perineurally. Abnormal EMG findings were observed in both Penicillin and Rheumapyrine injection groups, which showed fibrillation potential and positive sharp wave in resting state and decreased amplitude or reduced numbers of normal motor unit in volition state, along with delayed M.N.C.V. Two of five cases with Penicillin injection showed denervation potentials and delayed M.N.C.V. 10 days after the injection, while all cases with Rheumapyrine injection started to demonstrate the denervation patterns on EMG and delayed M.N.C.V. 3 days after the injection, and these abnormal findings were become more evident and severe to be partial or complete denervation as the time elapsed following the injection. It was postulated that functional and physiological disabilities recorded on E.M.G. were developed after the injection only when there was a severe degree of nerve damages on the basis of histopathological study.

Radio 주파를 이용한 경피적 반월신경절 절제술

이기찬,계종수,최종구,전동휘,주정화 대한신경외과학회 1975 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.4 No.2

Chemical destruction of Gasserian ganglion by either alcohol or phenol has remained a popular form of treatment for tic pain. However, control of the lesion size is inaccurate and various complications have often resulted. With advent of radiofrequency generator, percutaneous coagulation of the Gasserian ganglion is now possible, and the need for open surgery or chemical destruction have been drasically reduced. We treated 3 cases of trigeminal neuralgia with the radiofrequency current. Modified Hartel's anterior approach for the injection of the Gasserian ganglion is utilized and the radiofrequency lesions were made in the second branches of the trigeminal nerve selectively preserving the touch sensation in our patients. We reviewed the literature and described the technical procedures.