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EFFECTS OF HEAT EXPOSURE ON WATER METABOLISM AND PASSAGE IN SHEEP
Katoh, K.,Buranakarl, C.,Matsunaga, N.,Lee, S.R.,Sugawara, T.,Sasaki, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.2
The present experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of heat exposure on water metabolism and the passage of indigestible particles in sheep. Water intake, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and pH of ruminal fluid and urine were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the hot environment ($32\;^{\circ}C$) than in the control environment ($20\;^{\circ}C$). Urine osmolality and blood volume were increased, while glomerular filtration rate was decreased, in the hot environment. The liquid flow rate from reticulo-rumen and the excretion of indigestible particles of specific gravity 0.99 (but not 1.27 or 1.38) were increased in the hot environment. From these findings, it is suggested that an increased water intake evoked by heat exposure might affect the flow rate of digesta in sheep.
Somatotropic Axis and Nutrition in Young Ruminants around Weaning Time
Katoh, K.,Takahashi, T.,Kobayashi, Y.,Obara, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.7
The somatotropic (GH-IGF-I) axis consists of many hormonal and nutritional factors that control GH release from the somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. The GH-releasing substances are GHRH and GHS (GHRP or ghrelin), while the GH release-inhibiting substances are somatostatin (SRIF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), leptin and glucocorticoids. However, there is evidence showing that nutrition is involved in the control of the somatotropic axis. In addition, weaning is a drastic event for neonates because their alimentary and endocrine circumstances are changed due to the switch, even if gradual, from a liquid milk diet to one composed of such solids as hay and grains. The biological role of ghrelin is one of the hormonal factors that have been focused on ever since ghrelin was discovered at the end of the last century. A 27-amino acid peptide that is mainly synthesized and released from the abomasum epithelium, ghrelin has not been fully evaluated in relation to the somatotropic axis of the ruminant. It has also proven difficult even to investigate the cellular mechanisms of ghrelin action, because this hormone exerts animal-species-dependent actions via a complex set of intracellular signaling pathways. This is also the case for the action of leptin. Another substance, IGF-I, shows a partial inhibitory action on GH secretion in the ruminant. The effect of nutrition is also different among animal species. This is evident by the fact that undernutrition suppresses the circulating GH levels in rodents, but increases it in ruminants and humans. Recently, weaning has been shown to change the postprandial GH responses in ruminants; milk feeding increases, but hay and concentrate feeding suppress, the postprandial circulating GH levels. Even if the postprandial GH level is increased, the ghrelin level is decreased by milk feeding. Macronutrients also possess stimulatory and inhibitory actions on GH secretion in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicate the complexity of the control mechanisms of the somatotropic axis. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the factors controlling the axis of the ruminant.
Photopatch Tests of recent three years at Kyoto University Hospital
Katoh, Mayumi,Kitoh, Akihiko,Otoshi, Eriko,Arima, Yaeno,Nishigori, Chikako,Miyachi, Yoshiki Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
We experienced 29 cases of tentative photo allergic disorders from April 2000 to March 2002. For those 29 patients, photopatch tests have been done to explore possible causative photoallergens. We performed photopatch tests with photo-related allergens and possible causative products that the patients brought to us. After applications for 48hrs, one test site was irradiated with half of MRD or 6.0 J/cm$^2$ of UVA. Readings were evaluated according to the reading criteria of the ICDRG. Photoallergens were suggested in 20 cases (69.0%). Among them, we could find out the causative products in 7 cases (24.1%). Photopatch tests, performed by an appropriate method, are useful in some cases not only for diagnosis of photocontact dermatitis but also diagnosis of systemic photoallergic disorders.
E ects of Film Type and Nanotopography of Wafers on Oxide CMP Characteristics
T.Katoh,B.G.Ko,J.H.Park,H.C.Yoo,J.G.Park,U.G.Paik 한국물리학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.40 No.1
We investigated how the oxide lm deposition method (plasma-enhanced tetra-ethyl- orthosilicate (PETEOS) and high density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDPCVD)) and the surface waviness of silicon wafers (nanotopography) impacted the oxide chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) characteristics by using the lm thickness variation after CMP. We conrmed that the non-uniformity of the lm thickness after CMP clearly depended on the nanotopography and not on the lm type. We analyzed the power spectral densities of the nanotopography and the lm thickness variation after CMP. Between them, we found a clear relationship for wavelengths shorter than about 20 mm. We also showed that spectral analyses were useful techniques for quantitative interpretation of the relationship between the nanotopography and the oxide CMP characteristics.