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( Karube Tadashi ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2003 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.3 No.1
In Japan, the official guiding philosophy of the Tokugawa period (1603-1867) was Neo-Confucianism stressing the importance o f morals, education and hierarchical order in the government and society. This philosophy profoundly influenced the thought and behavior of the educated class. In the Neo-Confucian view, harmony was maintained by a reciprocal relationship of justice between a superior, who was urged to be benevolent, and a subordinate, who was urged to be obedient and to observe propriety. This paper is an attempt to establish connection between Neo-Confucian and Western concept of Public and decision-making, based on the writings of Yokoi Shonan, a Neo-Confucian intellectual in late Tokugawa/early Meji period. Deliberative assembly, a parliamentary form of government propounded in West sounded different in form but the contents were very close to that of Neo-Confucian concept of government. The logical argument for adopting the Western Style of deliberative assembly was not because it deviated from the Confucian concept of an ideal government but because it was strikingly similar in essence to those of the Confucian concepts of equality liberty, public debate, and public opinion.
Discrimination against Women Workers in Japan
Keiko KARUBE 계명대학교 사회과학연구소 2016 한국사회과학연구 Vol.35 No.2
This paper discusses discrimination against women workers in Japan. Japan ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1985. In April 1986, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA), a law which stipulates equal treatment of women workers with men, became effective. The law was a major condition which enabled the Japanese government to ratify the UN Convention. More than thirty years have passed since then; however, Japanese women workers continue to face serious discrimination in the workplaces. To examine the causes of gender-based discrimination, I will first review the laws concerning women workers before 1985 and the drafting process of the EEOA. Second, I will illustrate how the EEOA influenced society and how employers have coped with the new law. Third, I will review the governmental campaigns and programs after 2008, a year that the Global Financial Crisis took place, to discuss whether they have effectively reduced discrimination against women workers. Finally, I will discuss a possible solution of discrimination against Japanese women workers.
The principles and applications of nano-diagnosis system for a nano-biosensor
김종민,Karube Isao,장상목,Hiroshi Muramatsu 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.4
In this review, the basic principles and research trends of biosensors are briefly described and a nano-sensing system applying QCM (quartz crystal micro-balance), nano-diagnosis methods by AFM (atomic force microscopy)and SNOAM (scanning near-field/atomic force microscopy) is discussed intensively. The principle, construction, and applications of piezoelectric crystal sensors as a universal sensor are reviewed. This review is focused mainly on liquid phase applications, such as immune-sensors, gelation detecting sensors, and cultured cell monitoring sensors. The principle of nano-diagnosis based on the AFM or SNOAM techniques is described in detail. Finally, the binding affinity of peptide probes to proteins using AFM and the visualizing of a hybridized PNA probe on a DNA molecule using SNOAM are evaluated and discussed.
Genomic profiling combined with gene expression profiling in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Sung, Chang Ohk,Kim, Sang Cheol,Karnan, Sivasundaram,Karube, Kennosuke,Shin, Hyung Jin,Nam, Do-Hyun,Suh, Yeon-Lim,Kim, Seok-Hyung,Kim, Ji Yeon,Kim, Seok Jin,Kim, Won Seog,Seto, Masao,Ko, Young-Hyeh American Society of Hematology 2011 Blood Vol.117 No.4
<B>Abstract</B><P>Of the genetic changes in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), little is known. To detect copy number alterations and differentially expressed genes in PCNSL, we analyzed a total of 12 PCNSL samples with high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization and performed expression profiling in 7 of the 12 samples. The most frequent deletion found in 8 patients (66.7%) occurred in 9p21.3 containing CDKN2A. We compiled the top 96 genes (family-wise error rate, P < .05) showing the greatest differential expression between PCNSL and normal lymph node tissues. From these, we selected 8 candidate genes (NPFFR2, C4orf7, OSMR, EMCN, TPO, FNDC1, COL12A1, and MSC) in which expression changes were associated with copy number aberrations. All 8 genes showed both down-regulation in expression microarray and deletion in array-based comparative genomic hybridization analyses. These genes participate in cell signaling or cell adhesion. In addition, low mRNA expression of C4orf7 was significantly associated with poor survival (P = .0425). Using gene set enrichment analysis, we identified several signal transduction pathways, such as Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and adhesion-related pathways, which may be involved in pathogenesis of PCNSL. In conclusion, this study identified novel tumor suppressor genes that may serve as therapeutic targets of PCNSL.</P>