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Understanding East Asian Political Systems: Origins, Characteristics, and Changes
( Yung Myung Kim ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2003 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.3 No.1
East Asian politics has mostly been approached from the perspective of either political economy or political culture, which leaves the study of East Asian political systems highly underdeveloped. This paper seeks a political explanation of the emergence, characteristics, changes and future prospects of East Asian political regimes. They reveal the common nature of unipolar power in each of three forms-the one-party regime, one-man rule, and the oligarchical unipolar system. The unipolar nature of the regime`s originated in the political elites` sense of crisis about the survival of the nation in foreign-penetrated and bifurcated East Asian societies. East Asian political regimes gradually change into looser forms of authoritarianism or into plural democracy, due to the evaporation of revolutionary zeal and/or the growth of civil society. Changes in the power balance between the state and society makes the future of democracy ever brighter in East Asia, for all their Confucian and paternalistic traditions which are increasingly mixed with Western cultural traits.
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The Discussion of Asia and Our Predicament
( Sun Ge ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2003 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.3 No.1
Last summer (1999), during my stay in Japan, I heard that in volume 8 of the Reader, the editors published an article by the Korean scholar Baik Youngseo concerning the topic of East Asia. Perhaps because of my geographical location, I had a strange feeling of being both close and distant. When I returned home, I read the article and that feeling of being close and distant welled up in my heart again. I once spent quite a bit of time studying the historical trajectory of modern Japanese discussions of Asia, but I felt quite removed from works related to Korean thought. I am extremely eager to know whether today, when globalization has become an apriori theme, the neighboring countries that make up East Asia can deal with some of the blind spots of our thinking. This is especially important since the term Glorious East Asian Circle made the Japanese relation to the complex goals of pan-Asianism an unavoidable historical theme of inquiry in the three countries of East Asia. Moreover, we can see the first sideeffect of obscuring the resources of pan-Asianism for Chinese intellectuals and Chinese society in the Chinese people`s superficial attitude toward the Second World War. Apart from emotional entanglements, we must admit that the surprising ignorance about Japanese and Korean intellectual history makes it impossible for us to become clear about the complexities of the history of the Second World War. Getting close to East Asian history is more difficult than getting close to European or American history. This is perhaps the origin of my complex feelings upon reading Baik`s essay.
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In Search of a History of East Asia
( Reinosuke Fujiie ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2003 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.3 No.1
In this article the author supported by some 20 other scholars announces a new approach to writing a history of East Asia with emphasis on commonality among its major components, China, Korea, and Japan. The common denominators binding these countries are a culture formed by the use of the ideographic Chinese characters, Buddhism mediated by the Chinese characters, neo-Confucianism, and the penal and administrative codes. The entire history of East Asia is developed in four parts: Part 1 from prehistoric era to the 1st century B.C.; Part 2 from 1st century B.C. to 9th century A.D.; Part 3 from 9th century A.D. to mid-19th century; and part 4 from mind-19th century to the present. Readers will be impressed on this unique approach to capture the whole of history of East Asia.
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Why Yangban Confucian Culture has been Denounced
( Tae Jin Yi ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2003 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.3 No.1
The purpose of this essay has been to investigate the origins of the negative perceptions of yangban culture. The result of this investigation has been a confirmation that the problematic perception of traditional yangban culture first became prominent when Koreans were forced to accept Western technological civilization in the middle of the nineteenth century. However, this problematic perception was not a cultural but a political one. The Western Way-Western Technique discourse, introduced by way of Japan, shook the core of the Great Han Empire from the very first. In contrast to how Japan made use of their own national characteristics, with their Japanese Spirits-Western Technique discourse, in their reception of Western civilization, the Japanese prevailed upon us to discard our roots and our tradition.
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( Qian Xun ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2003 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.3 No.1
The biggest challenge in front of confucianism is how to adapt itself to fast changing social circumstances and develop itself as according to the social needs. And at the same time preserve its original ideals. For that we need to study the changed and the changing social circumstances to know the realistic demands in the changed situations. This study is an attempt to analyze the shift taken place in politics, economy, ethics and social behavior under the dynamic market economy system. On the basis of findings it will determine a way to assimilate those changes in the realm of confucianism.
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Major Trends of Korean Historiography in the US
( Michael D. Shin ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2003 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.3 No.1
The need for intelligence on enemy countries during World War II spurred the establishment of area studies programs in the US. In the case of Asia, these programs produced an Orientalist scholarship that was grounded in modernization theory. This article examines the major streams of Orientalist and anti-Orientalist scholarship in Korean historiography in the US. Orientalist historiography has tended to critique internal development theory, amounting to a revival of stagnation theory that had been propounded by Japanese scholars support by the government during the occupation period. Anti-Orientalist scholarship has used a variety of critical theories to overcome the limitations of modernization theory and to situate the dynamism of modern Korean history within the context of developments in the capitalist world system.
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