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MBE Growth of ZnSe Films on Lattice-Matched InxGa1-xAs Substrates
Takashi KARITA,Kazuhiko Suzuki,Takayuki SAWADA,Kazuaki IMAI,Satoru SETO 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.1
Raman scatering of ZnSe layers grown on nearly latice matched InxGa1-xAs substrates (x = 0 -0.092) by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have ben investigated. The Raman shift of the ZnSe longitudinal optical (LO) phonon stays nearly constant while the line width Γ increases with increasing indium molar fraction of the substrates. The results are analyzed based on the two-parameter spatial corelation model. The intrinsic line width of ZnSe LO is found to depend strongly on the spatial corelation length of the substrate.
Electronically tunable current-mode biquadratic circuit using current controlled unity gain cells
Ayumu Karita,Takao Tsukutani,Noboru Yabuki,Yasuaki Sumi 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
This paper introduces an electronically tunable current-mode biquadratic circuit employing current controlled unity gain cells. The circuit is constructed with two current controlled current followers (CCCFs), two CCCFs with voltage buffers (CCCFBs) and two grounded capacitors. The circuit can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass transfer functions by choosing appropriate current input and output terminals without any component matching conditions. Additionally, the circuit parameters ω? and Q can be tuned orthogonally through adjusting the bias currents. The biquadratic circuit enjoys very low sensitivities with respect to the circuit components. An example is given together with simulated results by PSPICE.
Goto, M.,Karita, S.,Yahaya, M.S.,Kim, W.,Nakayama, E.,Yamada, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1
Effects of supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells on fiber-degrading activity and cell growth of Ruminococcus albus (R. albus, strain 7) was tested using a basal substrate of rice straw and formulated concentrate. Cultures of R. albus alone and R. albus with rumen protozoa were grown at $39^{\circ}C$ for 48 h with an 8.4% crude protein (CP) substrate, 33% of the CP supplemented with either ruminal epithelial cells or defatted soybean meal. The ruminal epithelial cells had lower amounts of rumen soluble and degradable protein fractions as compared to defatted soybean meal, as determined by an enzymatic method, and the same was found with amino acid composition of protein hydrolysates. Ruminal epithelial cells were directly utilized by the R. albus, and resulted in greater growth of cell-wall free bacteria compared to defatted soybean meal. The effect of epithelial cells on bacterial growth was enhanced by the presence of rumen protozoa. In consistency with cultures of R. albus and R. albus with rumen protozoa, fermentative parameters such as dry matter degradability and total volatile fatty acid did not differ between supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells or defatted soybean meal.
Nyombayire, Julien,Anzala, Omu,Gazzard, Brian,Karita, Etienne,Bergin, Philip,Hayes, Peter,Kopycinski, Jakub,Omosa-Manyonyi, Gloria,Jackson, Akil,Bizimana, Jean,Farah, Bashir,Sayeed, Eddy,Parks, Christ Oxford University Press 2017 The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. No.
<P><B><I>Background.</I></B> We report the first-in-human safety and immunogenicity assessment of a prototype intranasally administered, replication-competent Sendai virus (SeV)–vectored, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine.</P><P><B><I>Methods.</I></B> Sixty-five HIV-1–uninfected adults in Kenya, Rwanda, and the United Kingdom were assigned to receive 1 of 4 prime-boost regimens (administered at 0 and 4 months, respectively; ratio of vaccine to placebo recipients, 12:4): priming with a lower-dose SeV-Gag given intranasally, followed by boosting with an adenovirus 35–vectored vaccine encoding HIV-1 Gag, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and Nef (Ad35-GRIN) given intramuscularly (S<SUB>L</SUB>A); priming with a higher-dose SeV-Gag given intranasally, followed by boosting with Ad35-GRIN given intramuscularly (S<SUB>H</SUB>A); priming with Ad35-GRIN given intramuscularly, followed by boosting with a higher-dose SeV-Gag given intranasally (AS<SUB>H</SUB>); and priming and boosting with a higher-dose SeV-Gag given intranasally (S<SUB>H</SUB>S<SUB>H</SUB>).</P><P><B><I>Results.</I></B> All vaccine regimens were well tolerated. Gag-specific IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot–determined response rates and geometric mean responses were higher (96% and 248 spot-forming units, respectively) in groups primed with SeV-Gag and boosted with Ad35-GRIN (S<SUB>L</SUB>A and S<SUB>H</SUB>A) than those after a single dose of Ad35-GRIN (56% and 54 spot-forming units, respectively) or SeV-Gag (55% and 59 spot-forming units, respectively); responses persisted for ≥8 months after completion of the prime-boost regimen. Functional CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T-cell responses with greater breadth, magnitude, and frequency in a viral inhibition assay were also seen in the S<SUB>L</SUB>A and S<SUB>H</SUB>A groups after Ad35-GRIN boost, compared with those who received either vaccine alone. SeV-Gag did not boost T-cell counts in the AS<SUB>H</SUB> group. In contrast, the highest Gag-specific antibody titers were seen in the AS<SUB>H</SUB> group. Mucosal antibody responses were sporadic.</P><P><B><I>Conclusions.</I></B> SeV-Gag primed functional, durable HIV-specific T-cell responses and boosted antibody responses. The prime-boost sequence appears to determine which arm of the immune response is stimulated.</P><P><B><I>Clinical Trials Registration.</I></B> NCT01705990.</P>
Kim, Y.S.,Singh, A.P.,Wi, S.G.,Myung, K.H.,Karita, S.,Ohmiya, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.10
This study provides electron microscopic evidence for the presence of cellulosome-like structures on the cell surface of Ruminococcus albus F-40. Electron microscopy showed that clusters of tightly packed spherical particles were located on the cell surface of R. albus. The protuberant structures present mainly on the bacterial surface and also bound to the cellulose substrate appeared to be the site of cellulosome-like structures. From the evidence presented, we suggest that the structures described here might be a characteristic feature of some ruminal cellulolytic bacteria.
Goto, M.,Bae, H.,Lee, S.S.,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.5
Effect of a surfactant Tween 80 on the bacterial growth in the rumen was examined on the in vitro pure cultures of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, Megasphaera elsidenni, Fibrobacta succinogenes, Ruminanococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Dry matter degradability (DMD), concentrations and compositions of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and the most probable number (MPN) of cellulolytic bacteria and total number of bacteria in the presence of Tween 80 were also examined on the in vitro rumen mixed culture either with barley grain or orchardgrass hay. The growth of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, P. ruminicola, M. elsidenni and F. succinogenes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at over 0.05% concentrations of Tween 80 than those of the control cultures, while was not changed with R. albus and R. flavefaciens. With rumen mixed culture the DMD of barley grain and orchardgrass hay was significantly higher (p<0.05) at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 than the control, being reflected in the significantly higher (p<0.05) VFA production (mmol $g^{-1}$DDM) with orchardgrass hay. The higher (p<0.05) ratio of propionate to acetate at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 was also observed with orchardgrass hay, showing a similar trend with barley grain. No changes in the total bacterial number and MPN of cellulolytic bacteria were observed.
Goto, M.,Bae, Hee-Dong,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Baah, J.,Sugawara, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1
The study evaluates the enzymatic dry matter (DM) degradability and water holding capacity of leaf and stem fractions of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) at different growth stages with or without the presence of surfactant Tween 80. While Tween 80 significantly (p<0.05) increased water and enzyme holding capacities in the leaf blades fraction, less was observed in the fraction of leaf sheath and stem of orchardgrass. The enzyme holding capacity in the leaves was also altered more than that for water holding capacity. This resulted in the increased rate and extent of enzymatic hydrolysis of the leaf blade fractions at two growth stages, whereas little was with leaf sheath and stem fractions. It was also observed that at 0.005% concentrations of Tween 80 the enzymatic DM degradability of young leaf blades was higher (p<0.05) by 20-30% compared to that of the control, as well as for water and enzyme holding capacity. For matured leaf blades the DM degradability were increased with over 0.01% concentrations of the surfactant, but the increase was less than leaf blades of young orchardgrass. This result suggests the possibility of using the surfactant Tween 80 to improve forage digestibility in the rumen.
Kim, Wanjae,Gamo, Yuko,Sani, Yahaya Mohammed,Wusiman, Yimiti,Ogawa, Satoru,Karita, Shuichi,Goto, Masakazu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.5
The present study examined the effects of Tween 80 on the attachment and hydrolytic activity of a cellulase enzyme against ball-milled cellulose (BMC), using the whole component (native CBH I) and the catalysis module (core CBH I) of carbohydrolase I purified from Trichoderma viride (Meicelase, Meiji Seika, Tokyo, Japan). The effects were evaluated as protein concentrations in the supernatant after mixing enzyme and substrate with Tween 80 at room temperature. Tween 80 decreased the adsorption of native CBH I and core CBH I onto BMC (p<0.001) and increased the amount of reducing sugars released from BMC by native CBH I (p<0.001). However, Tween 80 did not enhance the hydrolytic activity of core CBH I. Observations using SEM revealed that Tween 80 caused cellulose filter paper to swell and enhanced surface cracks and filaments caused by native CBH I but not by core CBH I. These results suggested that Tween 80 decreases enzyme adsorption to its substrate but enhances enzymatic activity.