Primary Structure of the Human Vk2 Regions Elicited by Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide Vaccines ; The J Gene Usage Is Restricted in Child Antibodies Using the A2 Gene

(Kang Yeol Yu),(Jin Ho Kim),(Gook Hyun Chung) 생화학분자생물학회 2000 BMB Reports Vol.33 No.3

The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has been a major cause of bacterial meningitis in children who are less than two years old. The variable (V) region repertoire of adult Caucasian antibodies (Abs) to Hib polysaccharide (PS) has been characterized well. The majority of adult antibodies against Hb uses VL that is derived from the Vk gene A2 and have arginine at the N region. In order to explore the possibility those antibody responses to Hib-PS is variable in various age groups, we examined the VL regions of the antibodies to Hib-PS in Korean adults and children. We immunized Korean adults (n = 8) and children (n = 39) with Hib tetanus conjugated vaccines, isolated RNAs from the peripheral lymphocytes, and amplified the A2-derived VL regions by RT PCR. The PCR products were subcloned and sequenced. Forty-seven out of 54 independent clones from children used the Jk2, or Jk3 gene in preference. The adults, however, used all of the Jk genes evenly With respect to the amino acid sequences of variable regions, adult A2-Jk recombinants have a germline sequence. But, the 76th codon (AGC) of child A2-Jk2 recombinants was substituted with CGC (arginine) in most cases (88%) and 77 percent of child clones using the A2-Jk3 genes have isoleucine-109 at the junction of Jk-Ck instead of threonine that is found in a germline sequence. These results suggest that the mechanism of antibody production in young children is different from that of adults.

Primary Structure of the Human VkII Regions Elicited by Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide Vaccines; The J Gene Usage Is Restricted in Child Antibodies Using the A2 Gene

Yu, Kang-Yeol,Kim, Jin-Ho,Chung, Gook-Hyun Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2000 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.33 No.3

The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has been a major cause of bacterial meningitis in children who are less than two years old. The variable (V) region repertoire of adult Caucasian antibodies (Abs) to Hib polysaccharide (PS) has been characterized well. The majority of adult antibodies against Hib uses VL that is derived from the Vk gene A2 and have arginine at the N region. In order to explore the possibility those antibody responses to Hib-PS is variable in various age groups, we examined the VL regions of the antibodies to Hib-PS in Korean adults and children. We immunized Korean adults (n = 8) and children (n = 39) with Hib tetanus conjugated vaccines, isolated RNAs from the peripheral lymphocytes, and amplified the A2-derived VL regions by RT-PCR. The PCR products were subcloned and sequenced. Forty-seven out of 54 independent clones from children used the $J{\kappa}2$, or $J{\kappa}3$ gene in preference. The adults, however, used all of the $J{\kappa}$ genes evenly. With respect to the amino acid sequences of variable regions, adult $A2-J{\kappa}$ recombinants have a germline sequence. But, the 76th codon (AGC) of child $A2-J{\kappa}2$ recombinants was substituted with CGC (arginine) in most cases (88 %) and 77 percent of child clones using the $A2-J{\kappa}3$ genes have isoleucine-109 at the junction of $J{\kappa}-C{\kappa}$ instead of threonine that is found in a germline sequence. These results suggest that the mechanism of antibody production in young children is different from that of adults.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Positivity in Tumor has no Correlation with the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma

( Yu Na Lee ),( Keun Wook Lee ),( Jee Hyun Kim ),( Soo Mee Bang ),( Jong Seok Lee ),( Byeong Bae Park ),( Won Seok Kim ),( Cheol Won Suh ),( Jung Hun Kang ),( Baek Yeol Ryoo ),( Jae Hoon Lee ),( Dong 대한내과학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.23 No.1

Background/Aims: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the pathogenesis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT), but its precise role and prognostic impact are not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of EBV-postitivity in the tumor and bone marrow (BM) samples from AILT patients, and their correlations with the clinical variables and patient survival. Methods: Seventy AILT cases were identified over a period of 8 years. Twenty seven cases were investigated for their EBV tumor status, and 10 BM samples of these patients were investigated for their EBV status with using in situ hybridization (ISH). EBV PCR was performed for the BM mononuclear cells in 8 cases. Results: Among the 27 tumor specimens, ten (37%) were EBV-positive. Only CD20-negativity in tumor correlated with the EBV-positivity (p=0.035). In 13 (48%) patients, gross tumor involvement was recognized by hematoxylin-eosin staining at the time of diagnosis. Among the 10 patients who had additional BM slides available, there were 3 with BM involvement, and none showed EBV positive results on ISH. EBV PCR of the BM mononuclear cells revealed one-positive case among 8 patients. This patient was negative for both BM involvement and EBV ISH. The median overall survival of the 25 treated patients was 48.9 months (95% CI: 18.6~79.2 months). Neither overall survival nor progression-free survival was related with EBV-positivity of the tumor. Conclusions: EBV-positivity of tumor had no impact on the prognosis of AILT patients.

Feasibility of Vegetation Temperature Condition Index for monitoring desertification in Bulgan, Mongolia

Yu, Hangnan,Lee, Jong-Yeol,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Lamchin, Munkhnasan,Tserendorj, Dejee,Choi, Sole,Song, Yongho,Kang, Ho Duck The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2013 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

Desertification monitoring as a main portion for understand desertification, have been conducted by many scientists. However, the stage of research remains still in the level of comparison of the past and current situation. In other words, monitoring need to focus on finding methods of how to take precautions against desertification. In this study, Vegetation Temperature Condition Index (VTCI), derived from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST), was utilized to observe the distribution change of vegetation. The index can be used to monitor drought occurrences at a regional level for a special period of a year, and it can also be used to study the spatial distribution of drought within the region. Techniques of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) were combined to detect the distribution change of vegetation with VTCI. As a result, assuming that the moisture condition is the only main factor that affects desertification, we found that the distribution of vegetation in Bulgan, Mongolia could be predicted in a certain degree, using VTCI. Although desertification is a complicated process and many factors could affect the result. This study is helpful to provide a strategic guidance for combating desertification and allocating the use of the labor force.

Effects of the MoN diffusion barrier on the CZTSe growth behavior and solar cell performance

Kang, Jeong-yoon,Baek, Gun Yeol,Gedi, Sreedevi,Song, Yu Jin,Jeon, Chan-Wook Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.748 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Earth-abundant and low-toxic Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnSe<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTSe) kesterite-compound semiconducting absorbers were deposited on bare Mo(600 nm) and Mo(10 nm)/MoN(50 nm)/Mo(600 nm) substrates using a two-stage selenization process. The effects of the MoN barrier on the properties of the CZTSe films and device performance were investigated. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the addition of a MoN barrier layer resulted in a decrease in the MoSe<SUB>2</SUB> layer thickness. Raman depth analysis showed that for the bare Mo substrates, the ZnSe phase was distributed from the middle to the surface of the absorber, whereas it was distributed at the bottom for the MoN barrier substrates. MoSe<SUB>2</SUB> formation was suppressed greatly with the MoN barrier layer. On the other hand, the current-voltage curve of the device was distorted significantly by the incorporation of the MoN barrier layer. The electro-optical properties will be discussed in conjunction with the ZnSe distribution in the absorber layers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sputter deposited CuZnSn precursor was selenized using Se-vapor. </LI> <LI> MoSe thickness was controlled by inserting MoN diffusion barrier. </LI> <LI> Raman verified MoN determined ZnSe distribution in CZTSe absorber film. </LI> <LI> Zn depletion near the absorber surface caused inferior solar cell performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Hetero-Epitaxial Growth of NiNb03 Thin on GaN/Al2O3 by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Yu-jin Kang,Chae-Ryong Cho,Jae-Yeol Hwang,Jeong-Pil Kim,Sang-A Lee,Se-Young Jeong 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III

LiNbO3 thin film was deposited on GaN/Al2O3 substrate by the pulsed laser deposition technique. These LiNbO3 films were c-axis oriented and showed pure phase without any secondary phase. An X-ray pole figure shows that LiNbO3 film was epitaxially grown on a GaN/Al2O3 substrate with twin boundaries. The surface roughness of the LiNbO3 film deposited at 750 C was 2.369 nm. The refractive index of the LiNbO3/GaN film was determined by using a variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometer. Films deposited at low substrate temperatures had a refractive index (n 2.12) similar to that of bulk crystal. The relative dielectric constant of all films was smaller than that of a bulk sample, but the crystallinity and refractive index were slightly changed with varying substrate temperatures. We suggest that epitaxial LiNbO3 film on a GaN substrate is useful for designing electro-optical devices such as modulators and deflectors integrated with GaN-based laser diodes and photodetectors.vent

Restoration of proliferation ability with increased genomic instability from Rad2p-induced mitotic catastrophe in $Saccharomyces$ $cerevisiae$

Yu, Sung-Lim,Kang, Mi-Sun,Kim, Ho-Yeol,Lee, Sung-Haeng,Lee, Sung-Keun THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF TOXICOGENOMICS AND TOXICOPRP 2011 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.

Yeast $RAD2$, a counterpart of human $XPG$, is an essential gene for nucleotide excision repair. Rad2p is an endonuclease that incises the 3' side of a DNA damaged lesion. However, over-expression of Rad2p provokes cell growth arrest, resulting in mitotic catastrophe as evidenced by formation of enlarged cells and micro-nucleation. Interestingly, the effect of Rad2p on cell growth arrest is not caused by its endonuclease activity, and it has been suggested that Rad2p might be involved in cell cycle regulation. Mitotic catastrophe mainly results in cell death but also functions as a survival mechanism. Using $RAD2$, we show that some yeast cells growth-arrested by Rad2p-induced mitotic catastrophe regain their ability to proliferate mainly because some Rad2p-induced polyploid cells produce haploid cells with normal cell cycles. Rad2p over-expression also causes increased mutagenesis and the cells with recovered proliferative ability exhibit increased genomic instability, which in turn decreases Rad2p expression. From these results it is inferred that Rad2p-induced polyploid cells undergo increased genetic rearrangement resulting in production of haploid cells.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-Formyl Hydroxylamine Derivatives as Potent Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors

Yu, Seung-Woo,Lee, Hee-Yeol,Cho, Bong-Hwan,An, Kyung-Mi,Ryu, Jung-Su,Lee, Young-Ho,Kang, Jae-Hoon Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.7

SPT4 increases UV-induced mutagenesis in yeast through impaired nucleotide excision repair

Kang, Mi-Sun,Yu, Sung-Lim,Kim, Ho-Yeol,Lim, Hyun-Sook,Lee, Sung-Keun 대한독성유전단백체학회 2013 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.9 No.1

DNA repair is a pivotal mechanism in maintaining genetic integrity and cell fate determination. As unrepaired DNA lesions inhibit transcription, UV-induced damage to transcribed DNA is repaired preferentially versus non-transcribed DNA through transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TCR). Previously, we reported that TCR-related genes serve as transcription elongation factors, and defects of the genes drastically increase mutagenesis. Extensive studies on DNA damage repair have provided key information about the pathways controlling replication across DNA lesions. However, knowledge of the mechanisms dealing with stalled DNA transcription is insufficient. In this study, we demonstrated the requirement for SPT4 in cell growth along with its role in mutagenesis in both the presence and absence of DNA damage. SPT4 appeared to promote transcription elongation across DNA lesions, thereby increasing the cell survival rate in exchange for increased mutagenesis. Further, our results explain the decrease in mutant Huntingtin protein in neuronal cells upon inhibition of Supt4, the mammalian ortholog of yeast Spt4p.

Alanine-Metabolizing Enzyme Alt1 Is Critical in Determining Yeast Life Span, As Revealed by Combined Metabolomic and Genetic Studies

Yu, Sung-Lim,An, Yong Jin,Yang, Hey-ji,Kang, Mi-Sun,Kim, Ho-Yeol,Wen, He,Jin, Xing,Kwon, Hyuk Nam,Min, Kyung-Jin,Lee, Sung-Keun,Park, Sunghyouk American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Vol.12 No.4

<P>Alterations in metabolic pathways are gaining attention as important environmental factors affecting life span, but the determination of specific metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in life span remains largely unexplored. By applying an NMR-based metabolomics approach to a calorie-restricted yeast (<I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>) model, we found that alanine level is inversely correlated with yeast chronological life span. The involvement of the alanine-metabolizing pathway in the life span was tested using a deletion mutant of <I>ALT1</I>, the gene for a key alanine-metabolizing enzyme. The mutant exhibited increased endogenous alanine level and much shorter life span, demonstrating the importance of <I>ALT1</I> and alanine metabolic pathways in the life span. <I>ALT1</I>’s effect on life span was independent of the TOR pathway, as revealed by a <I>tor1</I> deletion mutant. Further mechanistic studies showed that <I>alt1</I> deletion suppresses cytochrome <I>c</I> oxidase subunit 2 expression, ultimately generating reactive oxygen species. Overall, <I>ALT1</I> seems critical in determining yeast life span, and our approach should be useful for the mechanistic studies of life span determinations.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jprobs/2013/jprobs.2013.12.issue-4/pr300979r/production/images/medium/pr-2012-00979r_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/pr300979r'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>