Effects of olfactory self- and cross-adaptation on perceiving odor in a moth

Qian, Kai,Chen, Haibin,Wan, Xinlong Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2016 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.32 No.2

Pheromone orientation in moths is an exemplar of olfactory sensitivity. To avoid cross mating, the responses of males to pheromone blends must be high specificity and temporal resolution. We tested the effects of olfactory self- and cross-adaptation of pheromone compounds and mixtures in Spodoptera litura moths by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings. The challenge of S. litura antennae to a pulse train of its own pheromone blends of Z9,E11-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14:OAc with 200 ms on/off and 1 s on/off indicated that the repetitive stimulation by 200 ms on/off with high dosages resulted in greater adaptation than that by 1 s on/off with low dosages and the adaptation index of Z9,E11-14:OAc in all treatments is significantly larger than that of Z9,E12-14:OAc, suggesting that high dosages with more frequent stimulation prefer to induce sensory adaptations and a different odor coding exist between the two components in the antennal periphery in this moth. The cross-adaptation EAG test among the two pheromone compounds and Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH from congeneric species of S. litura showed that each of these compounds adapted the antenna more to that specific compound. The significantly higher adaptation to Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH than to the pheromone components of S. litura induced by themselves suggested that both of them are coded by specific odor receptor neurons which are different from those tuned to the pheromone components of S. litura . Thus, we proposed that Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH may play an important role in avoidance of heterospecific mating between S. litura and its sympatric moth species.

Effects of olfactory self- and cross-adaptation on perceiving odor in a moth

( Kai Qian ),( Haibin Chen ),( Xinlong Wan ) 한국잠사학회 2016 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.32 No.2

Pheromone orientation in moths is an exemplar of olfactory sensitivity. To avoid cross mating, the responses of males to pheromone blends must be high specificity and temporal resolution. We tested the effects of olfactory self- and cross-adaptation of pheromone compounds and mixtures in Spodoptera litura moths by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings. The challenge of S. litura antennae to a pulse train of its own pheromone blends of Z9,E11-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14:OAc with 200 ms on/off and 1 s on/off indicated that the repetitive stimulation by 200 ms on/off with high dosages resulted in greater adaptation than that by 1 s on/off with low dosages and the adaptation index of Z9,E11-14:OAc in all treatments is significantly larger than that of Z9,E12-14:OAc, suggesting that high dosages with more frequent stimulation prefer to induce sensory adaptations and a different odor coding exist between the two components in the antennal periphery in this moth. The cross-adaptation EAG test among the two pheromone compounds and Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH from congeneric species of S. litura showed that each of these compounds adapted the antenna more to that specific compound. The significantly higher adaptation to Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH than to the pheromone components of S. litura induced by themselves suggested that both of them are coded by specific odor receptor neurons which are different from those tuned to the pheromone components of S. litura . Thus, we proposed that Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH may play an important role in avoidance of heterospecific mating between S. litura and its sympatric moth species.

Correctum : Effects of olfactory self- and cross-adaptation on perceiving odor in a moth

Qian, Kai,Chen, Haibin,Wan, Xinlong Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2016 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.32 No.2

Pheromone orientation in moths is an exemplar of olfactory sensitivity. To avoid cross mating, the responses of males to pheromone blends must be high specificity and temporal resolution. We tested the effects of olfactory self-and cross-adaptation of pheromone compounds and mixtures in Spodoptera litura moths by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings. The challenge of S. litura antennae to a pulse train of its own pheromone blends of Z9,E11-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14:OAc with 200 ms on/off and 1 s on/off indicated that the repetitive stimulation by 200 ms on/off with high dosages resulted in greater adaptation than that by 1 s on/off with low dosages and the adaptation index of Z9,E11-14:OAc in all treatments is significantly larger than that of Z9,E12-14:OAc, suggesting that high dosages with more frequent stimulation prefer to induce sensory adaptations and a different odor coding exist between the two components in the antennal periphery in this moth. The cross-adaptation EAG test among the two pheromone compounds and Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH from congeneric species of S. litura showed that each of these compounds adapted the antenna more to that specific compound. The significantly higher adaptation to Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH than to the pheromone components of S. litura induced by themselves suggested that both of them are coded by specific odor receptor neurons which are different from those tuned to the pheromone components of S. litura. Thus, we proposed that Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH may play an important role in avoidance of heterospecific mating between S. litura and its sympatric moth species.

Efficient Expression of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Analogue with Human Serum Albumin Fusion Protein in Pichia pastoris Using the Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Promoter

Kai Qian,XiaoHai Gong,Bo Guan,SuPing Wu,JingJing Zhang,Jing Qian,YanFei Cai,Yun Chen,ZuoYing Duan,Xin Ma,HuaZhong Li,Jian Jin 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.4

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was a potential therapeutic drug for type II diabetes, mainly because of the stimulatory effect on insulin secretion under condition of high blood glucose. We used PCR to obtain a recombination gene, GGH, in which two GLP-1 (GLP-1A2G) mutants were connected in series and then fused to the N terminal of human serum albumin. The fusion gene was inserted into pGAPZaA plasmid with Saccharomyces cerevisiae α- factor secretion signal sequence, and was expressed by the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter. The engineered strain was constructed by integrating the recombinant plasmid pGAPZαA/GGH into the genome of Pichia pastoris GS115. Genome PCR and western blot showed that the recombinant P. pastoris successfully expressed the fusion protein GGH. The yield of GGH reached 78 mg/L after 72 h fermentation in a flask, using glucose as the optimal carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation was investigated in a 5 L bioreactor, and the expression level of GGH reached 246 mg/L in 52 h. The fusion protein GGH was purified in four steps, and the final purity was 96.1%. The in vitro bioactivity of GGH was the same as that expressed in P. pastoris by the AOX1 promoter. This study described an efficient way to express GGH fusion protein in P. pastoris using GAP promoter, fermentation was easier to control without carbon source change and fermentation time was 20 h less than AOX1 promotercontrolled GGH fermentation.

Effect of Resistant Starch on HCl/ethanol-induced Gastric Injury in Rats

Qian, Yu,Li, Guijie,Zhu, Kai,Sun, Peng,Feng, Xia,Zhao, Xin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Three types of resistant starch (RS) products were purchased for the evaluation of gastric injury preventive effect in Sprague-Dawley rats. We used an animal model to check for gastric injury preventive activities of these RS products in vivo. RS3 reduced the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ as compared to those of RS2 and RS4. The gastric secretion volumes from high to low order were control rats, RS2-treated rats, RS4-treated rats, RS3-treated rats, and normal rats, whereas pH levels of gastric juice showed the opposite trend. The gastric injury level was significantly decreased by RS, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties, with RS3 showing the best anti-inflammatory effect. Gastric tissues of RS3 group rats showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammation-related genes of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ compared with the control group, as shown by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. These results suggest that RS shows a gastric injury preventive effect, with RS3 showing the best inhibitory effect on gastric injury.

Effects of Three Types of Resistant Starch on Intestine and Their Gastric Ulcer Preventive Activities in vivo

Qian, Yu,Li, Gui Jie,Zhu, Kai,Suo, Hua Yi,Sun, Peng,Zhao, Xin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

To examine the effects of three types of resistant starch (RS) on intestinal metabolites, structure and their gastric injury preventive activities, Sprague-Dawley mice were fed diet containing 15% RS for 4 weeks. Response relationships among three types of RS (RS2, RS3, and RS4) food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency, wet weight of cecum (with or not with contents), pH, ammonia production, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration of cecal contents as well as intestinal structure were investigated. All three types of RS had effects on food intake, weight control, lowering of pH, ammonia production in cecal contents, increasing the wet weight of cecum (with or without contents), changes in SCFAs concentration of cecal contents, and physiological structure of small intestine and cecum compared to the control group (common starch-fed rats). RS3 group showed minimum weight gain and food efficiency, compared to both the control group and the other two types of RS diet. RS3 group showed more significant lowering of pH, ammonia production, and SCFAs of cecal contents. In addition, all three types of RS shortened villous height, and muscle and mucosal thickening in small intestine, resulting in significantly decreased villous height and mucosal thickness, whereas significantly increased muscle thickness in the cecum. However, they did not cause detectable pathological changes in the small intestine and cecum. Animal model was also used to check its gastric ulcer preventive effects. The gastric ulcer level was significantly down-regulated by RS3, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties. RS3 reduced the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ compared to RS2 and RS4. RS3 increased the somatostatin (SS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), decreased the motillin (MOT) and substance P (SP) serum levels. These results suggest that RS3 shows the best gastric ulcer preventive effect.

Neutral pH Gel Electrolytes for V₂O₅·0.5H₂O-Based Energy Storage Devices

Qian, Aniu,Zhuo, Kai,Karthick Kannan, Padmanathan,Chung, Chan-Hwa American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.50

<P>Gel electrolytes are considered to be promising candidates for the use in supercapacitors. It is worthy to systematically evaluate the internal electrochemical mechanisms with a variety of cations (poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)based Li+, Na+, and K+) toward redox-type electrode. Herein, we describe a quasi-solid-state PVA-KCl gel electrolyte for V2O5 center dot 0.5H(2)O-based redox-type capacitors, effectively avoiding electrochemical oxidation and structural breakdown of layered V2O5 center dot 0.5H(2)O during 10 000 charge-discharge cycles (98% capacitance retention at 400 mV s(-1)). With the gel electrolyte, symmetric V2O5 center dot 0.5H(2)O-reduced graphene oxide (V2O5 center dot 0.5H(2)O-rGO) devices exhibited a volumetric capacitance of 136 mF cm 3, which was much higher than that of 68 mF cm-3 for PVA-NaCl and 45 mF cm(-3) for PVA-LiCl. Additionally, hybrid full cells of activated carbon doth//V2O5 center dot 0.5H(2)O-rGO delivered an energy density of 102 mu Wh cm(-3) and a power density of 73.38 mW cm3 over a wide potential window of 2 V. The present study provides direct experimental evidence for the contribution of PVA-KCl gel electrolytes toward quick redox reactions for redox-type capacitors, which is also helpful for the development of neutral pH gel electrolytes for energy storage devices.</P>

Modeling and Analysis of an Avionic Battery Discharge Regulator

Qian Chen,Haihong Yu,Xiaoming Huang,Yi Lu,Peng Qiu,Kai Tong,Jiazhuo Xuan,Feng Xu,Xiaohua Xuan,Weibo Huang,Yajing Zhang 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.3

The avionic battery discharge regulator (BDR) plays an important role in a power-conditioning unit. With its merits of high efficiency, stable transfer function, and continuous input and output currents, the non-isolated Weinberg converter (NIWC) is suitable for avionic BDR. An improved peak current control strategy is proposed to achieve high current-sharing accuracy. Current and voltage regulators are designed based on a small signal model of a three-module NIWC system. The system with the designed regulators operates stably under any condition and achieves excellent transient response and current-sharing accuracy.

Experimental Study and Degradation Analysis on Interfacial Shear Modulus of Steel and Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Composite Structure

Kai Wu,Shiyuan Qian,Huiming Zheng,Yukai Zhou,Fangzhou Guo 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.8

To address the problems of mutual interference between shaped steel and reinforcement bars and the difficulty of concrete pouring in the construction of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) composite structure, the steel and steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SSFRC) composite structure without rebars was proposed. Bond behavior between the shaped steel and steel fiber reinforced concrete is the basis to ensure two kinds of materials work together. 20 square specimens were designed and tested by push-out test to study the bond performance and shear modulus of the interface between the shaped steel and steel fiber reinforced concrete. The effects of steel fiber ratio (ρsf), embedded length (Le), and concrete cover thickness (Css) on the interfacial shear modulus (G) were analyzed quantitatively. The degradation law of G was studied by defining the degradation variable of interfacial shear modulus (Da). The results show that the increase of ρsf contributes to the ascent in G, and the loading end displacement (D) at the end of degradation related to G also increase. With the rise of Le, the value of Gdecreases gradually and the D becomes larger when G starts to deteriorate. In addition, there is a positive correlation between G and Css. Besides, the higher Css leads to a slower degradation process of G.

Neutral pH Gel Electrolytes for V₂O₅·0.5H₂O-Based Energy Storage Devices

Qian, Aniu,Zhuo, Kai,Karthick Kannan, Padmanathan,Chung, Chan-Hwa American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.50

<P>Gel electrolytes are considered to be promising candidates for the use in supercapacitors. It is worthy to systematically evaluate the internal electrochemical mechanisms with a variety of cations (poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based Li<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, and K<SUP>+</SUP>) toward redox-type electrode. Herein, we describe a quasi-solid-state PVA-KCl gel electrolyte for V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>·0.5H<SUB>2</SUB>O-based redox-type capacitors, effectively avoiding electrochemical oxidation and structural breakdown of layered V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>·0.5H<SUB>2</SUB>O during 10 000 charge–discharge cycles (98% capacitance retention at 400 mV s<SUP>–1</SUP>). With the gel electrolyte, symmetric V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>·0.5H<SUB>2</SUB>O-reduced graphene oxide (V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>·0.5H<SUB>2</SUB>O-rGO) devices exhibited a volumetric capacitance of 136 mF cm<SUP>–3</SUP>, which was much higher than that of 68 mF cm<SUP>–3</SUP> for PVA-NaCl and 45 mF cm<SUP>–3</SUP> for PVA-LiCl. Additionally, hybrid full cells of activated carbon cloth//V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>·0.5H<SUB>2</SUB>O-rGO delivered an energy density of 102 μWh cm<SUP>–3</SUP> and a power density of 73.38 mW cm<SUP>–3</SUP> over a wide potential window of 2 V. The present study provides direct experimental evidence for the contribution of PVA-KCl gel electrolytes toward quick redox reactions for redox-type capacitors, which is also helpful for the development of neutral pH gel electrolytes for energy storage devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2016/aamick.2016.8.issue-50//production/images/medium/am-2016-126723_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am6b12672'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>