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KOBAYASHITAKAO,선창완,최진혁 대한지질학회 2022 지질학회지 Vol.58 No.4
Recent Mw 5 class earthquakes reminded us that Korea is not a land that is free from earthquake hazard. Hence, the government has promoted updating hazard information regarding known fault systems as well as surveying/documenting yet-to-know faults for a purpose of mitigating possible damages associated with moderately large earthquakes. We utilize in our study those geophysical exploration devices/techniques which has been more popular to geologic field survey these years such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). This paper introduces GPR survey techniques that are applied to study of near surface geologic structure in a context of active fault study. Three survey techniques are described, i.e. conventional single line survey, multiple lines survey, and orthogonal dual polarimetric survey, and the case results of these survey techniques are presented. The single line survey is typically performed to investigate secondary geological structures associated with an active fault. The results of surveying of the Southern Yangsan Fault zone revealed secondary geological structures associated with the Yangsan Fault. The multiple lines survey is carried out to investigate three dimensional geologic structure. We carried out the survey in a survey site of Baekmaryeong, Eumseong to image three dimensional fault structure. We also performed the survey In Mogod, Mongolia where a Mw 7.1 earthquake took place in 1967, and successfully imaged a paleo-river which was covered by unconsolidated sediments in order to determine the horizontal offset markers of the Mogod fault. Finally, the orthogonal dual polarimetric survey is carried out to detect a vertical fault that occurs in a base rock which is covered by a surface soil layer. We applied this technique to a survey site in Ulsan to detect a vertical fault under a few tens of centimeter thick soil layer. 최근에 경상 지역에서 발생한 Mw 5급 지진들을 계기로 중대형지진으로 인한 지질재해 발생가능성과 함께단층 및 고지진 연구의 중요성이 높아지면서, 다학제 연구를 통해 미고결 퇴적층에 피복된 단층에 대한 조사가진행 중이다. 이 논문에서는 천부지구물리탐사 중 지하투과레이더(Ground Penetrating Radar: GPR) 탐사에 대해 국내외 단층 조사현장에서 수행 중인 탐사 기법과 사례를 소개하고 토의한다. 우선, 단일측선 GPR 탐사는남부 양산단층의 4개 지점에서 수행된 사례를 통해 단층대 내에 발달하는 피복된 지질구조를 탐지할 수 있음을보여준다. 다음으로 다중측선 GPR 탐사는 음성 백마령 일대 단층 조사와 몽골 모고드단층의 변위지시자인 고하천 조사 사례를 통해 단층의 기하와 변위량을 평가할 수 있음을 보여준다. 마지막으로 다중측선 직교편파GPR 탐사는 울산 미호일 일대 단층 조사 사례를 통해 피복된 수직단층을 탐지할 수 있음을 보여준다. 이러한기법별 탐사 사례 결과를 통해 탐사 대상, 단층의 종류, 조사현장 조건 등에 따라 기법이 달라질 수 있으나, 대체적으로 단층 및 고지진 연구에 GPR 탐사가 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.
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HF (5 MHz) Imaging of the Moon by Kaguya Lunar Radar Sounder Off Nadir Echo Data
Kobayashi, Takao,Kim, Jung-Ho,Lee, Seung Ryeol IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol.56 No.7
<P>HF (5MHz) imaging of lunar surface was attempted using off nadir echo data of Kaguya Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS). LRS observation data of multiple orbits were processed and mapped onto a surface which was defined based on the Kaguya Digital Elevation Model. The transmitting/receiving antenna of LRS is a dipole antenna which illuminates lunar surface on both sides of orbit, consequently, in a single-orbit observation, a detected target location has ambiguity in terms of the side of the orbit. However, use of multiple orbit data enables to resolve this ambiguity problem, i.e., radar illumination is controlled. We demonstrated this HF imaging technique by reconstructing surface images of Rupes Recta region using LRS observation data of 61 orbits. Control of radar illumination was confirmed by the presence/absence of Rupes Recta image in the reconstructed surface images. As it was anticipated, the reconstructed surface images presented false images which were identified as mirror images of major surface features. We also carried out simulation of these LRS observations of 61 orbits over the Rupes Recta site using Kirchhoff-approximation Surface Scattering (KiSS) simulation code. Comparison of the images of LRS observation and those of KiSS simulation exposed some discrepancies. Our interpretation is that the discrepancies are attributed to shallow subsurface scatterings which the KiSS simulation does not take into account. This implies the possibility of imaging shallow lava tubes by LRS, although we did not find one in this particular site of Rupes Recta region.</P>
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