The Characteristics of CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells Using Sputtering Based Two-Step Process

Young-Ill Kim,Dong-Hwan Jeon,Si-Nae Park,Se-Yun Kim,Dae-Hwan Kim,Jin-Kyu Kang,Shi-Joon Sung,Juran Kim,William Jo,Hyesun Yoo,JunHo Kim,Dae-Hwan Kim,Kee-Jeong Yang 한국신재생에너지학회 2019 AFORE Vol.2019 No.11

High photo-conversion efficiency Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ thin-film solar cells prepared by compound-precursors and metal-precursors

Kim, Juran,Kim, Gee Yeong,Son, Dae-Ho,Yang, Kee-Jeong,Kim, Dae-Hwan,Kang, Jin-Kyu,Jo, William Elsevier 2018 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.183 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSn(S,Se)<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells have been fabricated by various methods. Sputtering is one of the vacuum processes that can be used for the growth of the precursors. In this study, CZTSSe thin-films that were fabricated using metal-precursors and with a high efficiency of 12.3% were examined in a comparison with CZTSSe thin-films that were fabricated using compound-precursors, whose efficiency is 9.1%. Especially, the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) analysis and local current measurement by conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) show that their local electrical properties indicate completely opposite results. The grain boundaries (GBs) has a downward surface potential bending, and this repelled the minority carriers into the intragrains (IGs) in the sample from the metal-precursors. Therefore, we originally verified the differences between the carrier behaviors and the current flows on the surface.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Using different precursor materials and stacks, Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSn(S,Se)<SUB>4</SUB> thin-film solar cells were fabricated. </LI> <LI> The PCE of the metal-precursor CZTSSe solar cell is 12.3%, while that of compound-precursor's is 9.1%. </LI> <LI> Downward potential bending was observed in the metal-precursor CZTSSe thin-film. </LI> <LI> Surface current was formed on the intra-grains on the metal-precursor CZTSSe thin-film. </LI> <LI> The compound-precursor CZTSSe thin-film indicated inversed results from the metal-precursor one. </LI> </UL> </P>

A simple and robust route toward flexible CIGS photovoltaic devices on polymer substrates: Atomic level microstructural analysis and local opto-electronic investigation

Kim, Kihwan,Kim, Juran,Gang, Myeng Gil,Kim, Se-Ho,Song, Soomin,Cho, Yunae,Shin, Donghyeop,Eo, Young-Joo,Jeong, Inyoung,Ahn, Seung Kyu,Cho, Ara,Kim, Jayeong,Yoon, Seokhyun,Choi, Pyuck-Pa,Jo, William,Ki Elsevier 2019 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.195 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, copper indium gallium selenide (Cu(In,Ga)Se<SUB>2</SUB>; CIGS) absorbers were grown on polyimide (PI)/molybdenum substrates by a three-stage co-evaporation process at various temperatures, film formation was systemically studied using various advanced characterization methods such as transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and atom probe tomography. The CIGS films on PI were found to exhibit considerable physical and electrical variations with respect to the process temperature of three-stage co-evaporation. In particular, when the process temperature reached 400 °C, the CIGS absorber on PI began to exhibit controlled microstructure and intergrain properties. By adjusting the microstructure and intergrain properties of the absorber films by means of the process temperature of three-stage co-evaporation, flexible CIGS solar cells on PI with an efficiency of 16.7% (with anti-refection coating) were achieved.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CIGS absorber films were grown on flexible polyimide/molybdenum substrates. </LI> <LI> Low-temperature three-stage process (≤440 °C) with extrinsic Na addition was used to CIGS growth. </LI> <LI> CIGS film evolution was systemically observed using advanced material characterization techniques. </LI> <LI> Highly efficient CIGS cells on flexible polyimide substrates were realized while maintaining process manufacturability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

ASSESSING SUSTAINABLE CUSTOMER VALUE IN FASHION SOCIAL PLATFORMS

Sung Hwan Yeo,Kyung Hoon Kim,Juran Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

A fashion social platform is a system that leverages the power of social connectivity to enable individuals to interact, accumulate information and create social values in fashion marketing. Fashion social platform participants, through their collective intelligence, give social platforms essential competence to solve economic and social issues, gather social capital, and create customer value. This study highlights the critical value of fashion social platforms and explains the relationships between knowledge sharing, social capital, and sustainable customer value. They examine (1) the effects of social network properties on knowledge sharing in fashion social platforms, (2) the effects of knowledge sharing on social capital, and (3) the effects of social capital on customer value in fashion social platforms. In the context of social platforms, this study clarifies the concept of customer value, the role of knowledge sharing, and the relationships between social capital and customer value. The study constructs a theoretical model regarding fashion social platforms and sustainable customer value that offers possible implications for fashion marketing practitioners.

Determinants of Corporate Financial Investment : Evidence from Korea

Juran Kim,Kyojik Roy Song 한국재무학회 2022 財務硏究 Vol.35 No.1

THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOMORPHISM AND AURA OF A DIGITAL HUMAN ON PERCEIVED INTERACTIVITY

Juran Kim,Joonheui Bae 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Digital humans integrating anthropomorphism into the performance and problem-solving features of AI offer innovative sources of insights and value that promotes a product, service, or brand. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a digital human’s aura and anthropomorphism on perceived interactivity, attitude toward a brand, attitude toward a digital human, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) intention, and purchase intention. An entrenched digital human’s aura and anthropomorphism increase perceived interactivity, attitude toward a brand, attitude toward a digital human, eWOM intention, and purchase intention. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the concept of the digital human’s aura and anthropomorphism and the relationships between perceived interactivity, attitude toward a brand, attitude toward a digital human, eWOM intention, and purchase intention.

MINDFULNESS VS. MINDLESSNESS: CLIMATE-FRIENDLY FOOD VALUE PERCEPTION AND CHOICE

Juran Kim,Huimin Xu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of mindfulness and examine its effects on climate-friendly food perception and choice, thereby uncovering climate-friendly food by parsing out the different effects of mindfulness vs. mindlessness and exploring the key consumer outcomes. The value of this study lies in clarifying the role of climate-friendly food and mindfulness in perceived food value and food choice. This study provides a framework for examining the effects of climate-friendly food and mindfulness, thereby shedding light on climate-friendly food and discovering perceived climate-friendly food value and food choice as main outcomes. This study contributes to the literature on value by clarifying the concept of mindfulness and the relationships between perceived food value and food choice. The findings also offer practical implications for how marketing strategies for value work more effectively and cater to different types of mindfulness.

Influences of Motivations on Interactivity in the Live Streaming Commerce

Juran KIM 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.12 No.10

Purpose: This study focuses how motivations influence interactivity in the live streaming commerce context. Live streaming commerce involves the provision of e-commerce activities and transactions via a live streaming platform that offers real-time interaction, entertainment, social activities, and commerce. The purpose of study is to examine effects of motivations on perceived interactivity and the effects of perceived interactivity on attitude and intention to use the live streaming commerce. Research design, data and methodology: The study investigates key questions about consumers’ motivation to use live streaming commerce and perceived interactivity by surveying 300 users of live commerce. Participants were asked whether they were live streaming commerce users who had experienced live streaming commerce before participating in the survey. The full survey required live streaming commerce users to respond to all the questions. Results: The study uncovered motivations for using live streaming commerce by finding information, entertainment, pass time, fashion/status and real time and perceived interactivity in the live streaming commerce. The results indicated motivation to use live streaming commerce positively influenced perceived interactivity. Perceived interactivity had positive effects on attitude toward brand. Attitude toward brand had positive effects on intention to use. Conclusions: Live streaming commerce is getting increasing attention from marketers because live streaming commerce has seamlessly integrated commerce, social activities, and hedonic factors. This study clarifies motivations and perceived interactivity in the live streaming commerce context. The study uncovers the relationships between motivations, perceived interactivity, attitude, and intention to use that contributes to the theoretical foundation and practical implications for marketing and management in the live streaming commerce context. Specifically, the study develops the theoretical contributions to perceived interactivity in the in the live streaming commerce context. The results also contribute to the practical implications for new marketing strategies that provides dynamic real-time interaction, exact information, and social and hedonic factors to attract consumers to indulge in the consumption processes. Marketing practitioners will obtain insights that can help them develop and manage brand strategies by understanding the influence of motivation and perceived interactivity in the live commerce context, which offers opportunities for contactless marketing and management.

SUSTAINABLE MARKETING IN SOCIAL BRAND COMMUNITIES

Juran Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.5

The purpose of this study is to offer conceptual foundations of social brand community by developing an integrated overview of the current research. Concepts from the Structuration theory are used for synthesizing the consumer behavior literature. This study attempts to find and fill the gaps between brand community and social brand community. To fill the gaps in the literature, potential research questions and future research directions are suggested. This study offers foundations to develop a conceptual model of social brand community by considering the basic concepts in the Structuration theory and critical characteristics of the social media environment.

A SOCIAL MARKETING CAMPAIGN IS IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: CHOICE EFFECTS ON PERCEIVED INTERACTIVITY AND INVOLVEMENT IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA CONTEXT

Juran Kim,Michael Capella,Ki Hoon Lee 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Driven by the consumer demand for companies to be socially responsible, companies are increasingly relating their brands to causes and charities in order to accomplish nonprofit objectives and corporate sustainability. In a social marketing campaign, the consumers’ choice of the cause can influence their reactions through the processes of choice. Allowing the consumers to choose the cause may also reinforce their personal role in the donation process, which may result in a better outcome. Further, advertisers are paying increasing attention to the launch of social marketing campaigns via social media, since social media has recently become an essential part of daily life and therefore an imperative venue through which companies connect with consumers. Focusing on the rapidly evolving social media landscape, this study primarily clarifies (1) how choice influences consumers’ perceived interactivity with a social marketing campaign in the social media context, and (2) consumer involvement, as consumers’ individual differences can enhance or limit the effects of a social marketing campaign with choice. Using field experiments, this study investigates the relationships between the consumers’ choice, perceived interactivity, attitude, and purchase intention, and considers the moderating effects of involvement on those relationships. This study’s contributions are that it illuminates (1) the effects of choice on the perceived interactivity of social marketing campaigns in social media contexts, (2) the role of involvement in social marketing campaigns as a moderator, and (3) attitude and purchase intention as outcomes that can facilitate the construction of a theoretical model for social marketing campaigns with choice in the social media context and offer possible implications for advertising practitioners.