Request and Question Perspective in Interlanguage Pragmatics

Sung Kyu Yun,Woo-hyun Jung 한국사회언어학회 2004 사회언어학 Vol.12 No.2

Yun, Sung Kyu & Jung, Woo-hyun. 2004. Request and Question Perspective in Interlanguage Pragmatics. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). This paper is an interlanguage pragmatic study of request and question perspective. It aims to explore whether there are any differences in request perspective between American English native speakers and Korean EFL learners. To this end, this study employed a Discourse Completion Test, which consisted of eight situations. Data were collected from three different groups: native speakers of English; Korean learners of English; native speakers of Korean. The results showed that the learners deviated from native pragmatic norms in the choice of perspective in a relatively systematic way. The same held even more obviously in the use of please in interacting with request perspective. It was also shown that the mismatch between the native and nonnative groups in perspective was an instance of pragmatic transfer. The results suggested that the notions of imposition and politeness operated differently in perspective between the native and nonnative groups. It is expected that this study will shed light on the phenomenon of interlanguage pragmatics and the aspect of pragmatic transfer, revealing how learners differ from native speakers with respect to request perspective and what causes the differences.

비타민 K₁피부 과민반응 2예

정우권,김영근,황규왕,박영립,이홍규 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.1

Vitamin K₁ is frequently used in the treatmet of the hypoprothrombinemia found in diseases of the liver, biliary tract and small intestine. We observed allergic cutaneous reaction to vitamin K₁injection in two patients who developed pruritic erythematous indurated plaques at the sites of injection 8 to 14 days after subcutanceous injection of vitamin K₁preparation.

악성 섬유성 조직구종 1예

정미정,정우권,박영립,황규왕,김영근 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.1

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adult life and shows a mixed proliferation of both fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. Because of its highly variable morphologic pattern, this tumor has often been confused with other sarcomas such as pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. We report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurring in a 22-year-old male who presented with a adult's fist-sized mass with several brown colored nodules on the right buttock of 3 years' duration. Histologic findings shows spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern characteristic of the typical pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

2차원 탄-소성 문제들에서의 수치적인 해들의 비교

정창희,박인규,심우진 金烏工科大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

In this paper, two-dimensional elasto-plastic problems are numerically analysed and compared with the other numerical, experimental and theoretical solutions in some enigineering respects. For that, based on Yamada et. al.'s formulation, extended programs are developed using isoparametric quadratic quadrilateral element rather than linear triangular element as in their formulation. Varying elasto-plastic matrices are introduced and small varying increments of load sufficient to just cause yield in the successive elements are used. Isotropic homogeneous material property and small deformation are assumed to develope the numerical plasticity. Presented examples in smple or complex geometry are solved under the condition of plane stress of plane strain with strain hardening or non-strain hardening material, respectively, to obtain the stress distributions and plastic enclaves.

2.4 GHz∼2.48 GHz ISM Band용 전력 증폭기 설계 및 제작

정진국,채규성,김창우 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 2003 레이저공학 Vol.14 No.-

Fabricated and designed of a power amplifier for 2.4 GHz ~ 2.48 GHz ISM band system application with BFP-620 SiGe HBT, ASG-304 SiGe HBT, LP3000 PHEMT. The amplifier composed three-state balanced type and fabricated with FR-4 of dielectric rate of 4.7. The result exhibits a linear gain over 40 dB, P_<아래첨자>1</아래첨자>dB over 30 dBm, PAE over 30 % and OIP<아래첨자>3</아래첨자> of 46.2 dBm.

하수 2차 처리수 재이용을 위한 저압 및 중압 고도산화시스템의 성능평가

안규홍,안석,맹승규,김기팔,홍준석,정민우,권지향,Ahmed, Zubair 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.4

In the present study, the feasibility of UV/H₂O₂ systems was investigated using low and medium-pres sure lamps on biologically treated wastewater effluents for secondary effluent reclamation. Two types of UV lamps were used as the light sources (a 33W lowpressure mercury lamp and a 350-W mediumpressure mercury lamp). The results from these UV systems showed that the removal of organic compounds could be achieved in the contact time of longer than 30min (i.e., low UV doses). Efficiencies of color removal and disinfection were far better than those of organic matters measured as TOC, DOC and TCOD_(cr). In the low pressure lamp UV system, it has been found that DOC and color removals were 60.9 and 86.2% with 50㎎/L of H₂O₂ and contact times of 30 minute, respectively. Whereas, with the mediumpressure lamp UV system, TOC, DOC and color removal were 27.1, 5.6 and 95% with 14.3㎎/L of H₂O₂ and 14 minute of contact times, respectively. Both systems could be applied for the reclamation of secondary effluent treated with biological treatment processes.

면역화학분석법을 이용한 뇌종양의 증식능력 측정 : A Kinteics Study with Bromodeoxyuridine and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

이규성,이규창,정상섭,최중언,서정호,김태승,양우익 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.12

Bromodeoxyuridine(BUdR) labeling study provides valuable cell kinetic information for individual tumors and could suggest the prognosis of each patient with the tumor. Recently, a monoclonal antibody against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA or cyclin), a nuclear protein expressed in proliferating cells, was developed. One of the main purpose of this study was to correlate the histological grade of brain tumor with the BUdR labeling study and the PCNA method in the same patient. The relationship between labeling indices of BUdR incorporated into S-phase and behavior of the tumor was studied in 96 patients. In 31 among those patients. PCNA expressed by cycling cells was also investigated. Both of the LIs showed good correlation with histological grade of the tumor. When both LIs were studied in the same patient, the values of the PCNA LI were parallel but higher than those of the BUdR LI, and the relation PCNA LI=2.2×BUdR LI+0.8(r²=0.86) was obtained. The results of this study show that PCNA could replace the BUdR method for identifying the proliferating cells, and the major advantage of PCNA method is that it could be done without any pretreatment and avoid injection of the teratogenic agent for diagnostic purpose.

강박장애 환자에서 Sertraline 치료반응의 예측인자에 관한 연구

유은정,우행원,김영철,연규월,김종원,임원정 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 1980년 중반부터 강박장애의 치료로 SSRIs가 널리 쓰이고 있으나 치료반응의 예측인자에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 sertraline 투여후 호전군과 비호전군의 인구학적 특성, 발병연령, 이환기간, 과거의 강방장애에 대한 투약경력, 정신과 질환의 가족력, 증상의 심각도, 임상양상 등의 변수들을 관찰하여 sertraline 치료반응과의 상관관계를 살펴보았으며 치료방응을 예측 할 수 있는 인자를 알아보았다. 방법: 연구 대상은 이대부속 동대문병원 정신과에 입원 또는 외래치료를 받은 환자들 중 정신과 진단 편람제 4판 진단 기준에 의거하여 강박장애로 진단 받은 31명(남자 10명, 여자 21명)이었다. 연구 방법은 sertraline을 하루 50mg씩 투약하면서 Y-BOCS, NIMHOCS, CGI로 강박증상의 변화를 평가하였고, HAM-A로 불안정도의 변화를 측정하여 투약 전 점수와 비교하였다. 결과: 1) Y-BOCS 점수 40%이상 감소와 함께 CGI 점수 2점 이상 감소를 보인 호전군은 대상환자 31명중 17명(54.8%)이었고, 비호전군은 14명이었다. 호전군이 비호전군에 비해 늦은 나이에 발병하는 경향을보였고(p<0.1), 이환기간이 짧았으며(p<0.05), 과거의 강박장애에 대한 투약경력은 적었다(p<0.05), 정신과 질환의 가족력은 두 집단간에 차이가 없었다. 2) 호전군에서 투약 전 Y-BOCS의 강박행동 점수가 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05), 기타 다른 평가척도에서는 두 집단간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 평균 Y-BOCS 점수는 투약 전에 비해 sertraline 투약 12주째 43.5%가 감소하였다. 투약 전과 비교하여 투약 2주째부터 불안을 평가하는 HAM-A 점수가 유의하게 감소하였고, 투약 4주째부터 Y-BOCS, NIMHOCS, CGI 점수가 유의하게 감소되기 시작하여 12주까지 지속되었다.(p<0.01). 4) 호전군에서 오염에 대한 강박사고와 씻음의 강박행동의 유의하게 많았으며(p<0.05), 셈의 강박행동은 없었다(p<0.05), 병적 의심은 비호전군에서 많은 경향을 보였다(p<0.1). 결론: 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 질병의 이환기간이 짧으며 과거의 강박장애에 대한 투약경력이 적고 투약 전강박행동이 심하지 않으며, 주된 임상양상이 오염에 대한 강박사고와 씻음의 강박행동인 경우 sertra-line에 좋은 치료반응을 보이지만, 셈의 강박행동이 있는 경우에는 치료반응이 좋지 않다고 예측할 수 있다. Objectives: The pharmacologic treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) with serotonergic antidepressant agents is well established in clinical psychiatry on the basis of serotonin hypothesis. Studies on predictive factors of treatment reponse to OCD are relatively scarce. The author compared the demographic factors, age of onset, length of illness, family history of mental illness, previous drug history for OCD, severity and type of symptoms between the drug reponders and non-responders to find out the predicitive factors that may be related to treatment response. Methods: The subjects were 31, both inpatients and outpatients who met the diagnostic criteria for OCD by DSM-IV and scored 20 or higher on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Com-pulsive Scale(Y-BOCS) completed 12-week trial of sertraline. Y-BOCS, National Institute of Mental Health Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(NIMHOCS), Clinical Global Impression Scale(CGI) were scored to measure the changes of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and Hamilto Anxiety Scale(HAM-A) was measured at each visit. Results: 1) The responders, defined as achieving at least a 40% decrease in the Y-BOCS total score and more than a 2 point decrease in CGI score, were 17(54.8%), and non-responders were 14(45.2%). Responders tended to show later onset(p<0.1), and shorter duration of illness(p<0.05), and less previous drug therapy for OCD(p<0.05) than non-responders. There were no significant differences in family history of mental illness between the two groups. 2) The basline Y-BOCS compulsive score was significantly lower in responders(p<0.05), although there was no significant difference in the basline severity of other measures. 3) The obsession of contamination and washing behaviors were more frequent, but compulsive counting was not shown, in responders(p<0.05). The pathological doubt tended to be more common in nonresponders(p<0.1). Conclusions: In summary, the patients with shorter duration of illness, less prior drug ther-apy for OCD, and less severe compulsive behaviors, and the obsession of contamination and washing behaviors are expected to be better outcome with sertraline, whereas compulsive counting are the predictor of poor response.

雨水中의 酸性度 要因分析에 關한 硏究

이정우,강공언,김희강,김정규 조선대학교 환경연구소 1993 環境公害硏究 Vol.10 No.-

To analyze the factor which affects acidity of rainwater in Seoul metropolitan areas, the precipitation data was collected for twelve months, from January 1991 to December 1991. The annual average of pH in Seoul is 5.4, while the levels in the vicinity of Seoul range from pH 5.7 to 6.3. The frequency of samples of which pH exceed 5.6 represents 74% in Seoul, and in surrounding cities are in the range of 10% to 40%. The total soluble ionic contents of rainwater are shown in the following order. SO_(4)^(2-) > Ca^(2+)> NH_(4)^(+) > C1^(-) > Na^(+) > NO_(3)^(-) > Mg^(2+) > K^(+) > H^(+). The portion of SO_(4)^(2-), NO_(3)^(-), and C1^(-) among total anions represents 65%. 14%, and 21%, respectively. From this result, it is shown that SO_(4)^(2-) has the highest contribution to the total acidity. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and pH of rainwater shows -0.66, while the coefficient between ambient concentration of nitrogen dioxide and pH is 0.35. It is indicated that pH of rainwater primarily depends on ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and the used amount of coal briquet is 0.85, and it is concluded that rain acidity is very affected by the use amount of briquet.

단열양생을 이용한 고강도 콘크리트 압축강도 추정에 관한 실험적 연구

조규현,김제섭,전판근,백민수,김우재,정상진 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

The present study is a basic experiment on the estimation of the compressive strength of high strength concrete, aiming at estimating the compression strength of mass test pieces of high strength concrete by giving the temperature hysteresis of the mass test pieces to managerial test pieces. Different from ordinary concrete, high strength concrete generally shows the high rise of temperature caused by hydration heat inside the concrete. It is known that, in mass concrete, thermal stress occurs due to the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside, which causes a significant difference in compression strength between structure beams and managerial test pieces. It is also reported that there is a large difference between the compression strength of cylindrical managerial test pieces of standard underwater curing and the strength of structure beam concrete. Thus, this study made concrete test pieces in an optimal mix ratio for each strength level, and also created adiabatic curing tank and managerial test pieces. Then it carried out comparative analysis in relation to core strength and suggested equipment and a technique that can control the strength of high strength concrete mass more conveniently and accurately.