한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

기저질환이 없는 사람에서 발생한 Campylobacter fetus에 의한 재발성 심내막염 1예

전재범,정진원,김성혜,송문희,오형철,안성기,최상호,김남중,김양수,우준희,류지소 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

C. fetus 심내막염은 드물게 발생하는 질환으로 주로 면역능이 저하된 환자에서 발병하고 대동맥판을 침범하는 경우가 많으며 적절한 치료가 되지 않을 경우 치사율이 높다. 저자들은 기저질환이 없던 69세 남자에서 C. fetus 심내막염을 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 발열로 내원하여 시행한 혈액배양 검사상 C. fetus가 동정되었고 경식도 초음파 검사상 삼첨판에 증식증이 발견되어 심내막염 진단하에 ceftriaxone에 이어 meropenem으로 총 4주간 항생제를 투여받고 호전되었다가 한달 후 다시 재발하였고 판막부전 소견 진행하여 삼첨판 치환술을 시행받고 전신상태 호전되어 퇴원하였다. Campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of endocarditis. To date, only about 30 cases of C. fetus endocarditis have been reported mainly in the elderly with chronic underlying illnesses. Most cases showed tendency to involve aortic valve. This report describes a case of native tricuspid valve infective endocarditis in a 69-year-old man without any underlying disease. Despite adequate antibiotic therapy for 4-weeks, endocarditis recurred and leading to surgical valve replacement.

음식물 쓰레기의 퇴비화에 관한 연구

전기일,김형갑,정병윤 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1999 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study were the food wastes composting, this study was carried out in the batch reactor with sawdust as bulking agent. The sample of food wastes for this study were collected fron the restaurant in our University. We obtained the results as follows : 1) During composting process, the highest temperature in the batch reactor was 55.8℃ after 5 days of experiment. 2) During composting process CO_2 and NH_3 were generated, after 6 days of experiment their concentrations were 20% and 640ppm respectively. 3) The volume of sample was reduced to one third in experimental period.

분말야금법으로 제조된 2124AI 합금의 빠른변형률속도 초소성 거동

金祐塡,張勝彦,南勝義,金亨駿 弘益大學校 科學基術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.2

Ceramic whisker or particulate reinforced aluminum based metal matrix composites show high room temperature strength, but their low formability makes it difficult to form into desired shapes. By superplastic deformation, their formability can be improved and it is possible to produce complex parts for automotive aerospace simultaneously instead of many near-net-shape forming operations. This study has been carried out to investigate the high temperature mechanical and superplastic properties in 2124Al alloy. SRC(Strain Rate Change) tests show that the value of n(stress exponent) is around 3 at high strain rate and above 5 at low strain rate. It was turned out that 212Al matrix alloy exhibited reasonably high tensile elongation above 250% with the broad range of temperature and strain rate. Especially, at 550℃, both materials showed very high elongation failure up to 700% for 2124Al alloy. The strength comparison is lower strength then 2124Al composites were obtained that the composite is lower strength than 2124Al alloy at superplastic region.

중추성 요붕증이 동반된 랑게르한스 세포 조직구증 1예

김진호,문준성,문선중,이지은,최재원,은미정,천경아,조인호,윤지성,원규장,이경희 신덕섭,이형우 영남대학교 의과대학 2005 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a syndrome characterized by thirst, polydipsia and polyuria. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is one of the etiologies of DI. Recently we experienced a central DI associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The 44 years old female patient complained right hip pain polydipsia and polyuria. We carried out water deprivation test. After vasopressin injection, urine osmotic pressure was increased form 109mOsmol/Kg to 327mOsmol/Kg (300%). Brain MRI showed a thickened pituitary stalk and at hot bone CT.CT guided biopsy revealed abnormal histiocytes proliferation and abundant lymphocytes, The final diagnosis was central DI associated with systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis invading hip bone, L-spine and pituitary stalk. Desmopressin and etoposide chemotherapy were performed to the patient.

하우스 밴드의 설치방법 개발

김진환,김형준,유복상 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2001 農業科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Labor saving, simple and fast instration of hawse band is necessary for house management. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the cord materials(rice transplsnting string, pack sack band and drip irrigation nozzle and house band) and installation methods(string exchange, both side throwing, ball throwing and and both side throwing) of house band. Both side throwing + Ball throwing) of house band. Both side throwing of drip irrigation nozzle appeared to be the fatest method for house band installation. Attachment of tennis ball of 160∼ 180g at the both end of drip irrigation nozzle enabled fast band installation in both side throwing and only one man is able to install the house band

박물관의 기원과 공간구조

김형준,박정근 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2006 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.17 No.1

This study is to examine the origin of museum and its spatial structure. The purpose is to understand architecture in the modern life as the origin of the modern architecture in the 20th century, and to reveal the authenticity of modern spaces through spaces of museums. Museums are one of the leading architectural themes from the nineteenth century to the present day. Having a vast influence on entire Europe, they are new modern institutional buildings emerging with new modern technologies and culture. This study analysis museums through three viewpoints in the modern institutional buildings which were 'time', 'boundary' and 'perception'. As a result, spatial structure in museums were formed by things, people and space which were related to the three viewpoints. The phenomenon and the process in the spatial structure of museum are related to the modern architecture, and also relations in the space of museum are extended to the city and the architecture in the present day.

아산지역 PC방에서의 금연석과 흡연석의 공기질 차이

김준형 외 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2011 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

This study seeks to differentiate between the air quality of the smoking area and the non-smoking area in internet cafes(or PC rooms in Korean slang) through the analysis of internet cafes around universities located in Asan-si. VOCs, HCHO, CO₂, and CO content of each area were analyzed. According to our observations, the HCHO content in the smoking area was 74.26ppm, 124.26ppm for TVOC, 688.58ppm for CO₂, and 2.80ppm for CO. On the contrary, in the non-smoking area, the HCHO content was 55.49ppm, 82.86ppm for TVOC, 606.18ppm for CO₂, and 2.32ppm for CO. This shows that the air quality between non-smoking and the smoking area do not have significant difference. As people are exposed and thus more interested about indoor air pollution, there are measures taken to clean the air indoors, but there are no relevant measures taken for internet cafes. Therefore, there should be measures taken in order to control ETS content, thought to be one of the main pollutants of internet cafe air quality, through various measures such as upgraded ventilation.

일개 제빵회사 근로자의 제빵공 천식 유병률

김정민,권영준,주영수,임형준,이태경,강혜련,백도명 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적: 일개 제빵회사에서 제빵공 천식 유병률을 조사하여 제빵공 천식으로 인한 국내 질병부담을 파악하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법: 일개 제빵회사의 생산관련 근로자 596명에서 수습기간(3개월) 중이거나 참여를 거부한 216명을 제외하고,380명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 밀가루분진 노출형태에 따라 직접노출군과 간접노출군으로 직무 카테고리를 분류하고,설문조사는 ISAAC 설문항목에 직업력 등을 추가한 설문지를 사용하였다. 설문조사에서 천식이나 알레르기병과 관련된 증상이나 병력이 전혀 없는 간접노출군은 임상검사대상에서 제외하였다. 임상검사대상 233명에게 피부단자검사,혈청 특이 IgE 항체검사,산업의학 전문의와의 면담을 시행하였고,면담에서 천식이나 알레르기비염과 관련된 증상이나 병력이 확인된 31명을 연속적 PEFR 측정대상으로 하였다. PEFR 변동률로써 메타콜린 기관지유발검사대상을 선정하였고,메타콜린 기관 지유발검사에서 기관지과민성이 확인된 경우에 특이 기관지유발검사를 시행하였다. 제빵공 천식은 특이 기관지유 발검사에서 천식반응이 확인된 경우로 정의하였다. 결과: 연구대상의 밀가루 민감화율은 21.0%(직접노출군 25.9%,간접노출군 13.3%), 제빵공 천식 유병률은 3.2%(직접노출군 5.1%,간접노출군 1.8%)였다. 직접 노출군이 간접노출군에 비해 밀가루에 민감화될 위험이 높았으며(OR 2.15,95% CI=1.03∼4.51), 제빵공 천식에 이환될 위험은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(PR 2.52,95% CI=O.78∼8.18). 밀가루에 민감화된 군이 그렇지 않은 군에 비해 제빵공 천식에 이환될 위험이 매우 높았다(PR 38.63, 95% CI=6.14∼243.22). 결론: 이번 연구결과는 직업적으로 밀가루에 노출되는 국내 근로자에서 제빵공 천식이 적지 않을 것임을 시사하고 있다. 향후 제빵공 천식으로 인한 질병부담을 보다 정확히 파악하기 위해서는 국내에서 연구된 바 없는 밀가루 취급 사업장(제분회사 등)에 대한 연구가 필요하며,근로자의 건강과 사회경제적 위치를 보호하기 위한 체계적인 연구도 요구된다. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of baker's asthma due to flour dust in an industrial bakery in Korea. Methods: Of the 596 active workers, 380 were allocated to a category of either direct exposure (DE) or indirect exposure (IE) to flour dust and completed a modified ISAAC questionnaire. Of the 380 participants, 233 were screened by an occupational physician interview, a skin prick test, and an ELISA for serum-specific IgE antibodies to wheat flour extracts. Selected workers received serial monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and positive PEFR respondents received a methacholine challenge test. The diagnosis of baker's asthma was confirmed by a specific inhalation challenge with wheat flour extracts. Results: The prevalence of sensitization to wheat flour and baker's asthma was 21.0% (25.9% DE, 13.3% IE) and 3.2% (5.1 % DE, 1.8% IE), respectively. DE had an increased risk of sensitization to wheat flour (OR 2.15, 95% CI = 1.03∼4.51). Sensitization to wheat flour and the prevalence of baker's asthma correlated significantly (PR 38.63, 95% CI = 6.14∼243.22). Conclusions: These findings indicate a considerable prevalence of baker's asthma among flour-exposed workers in Korea. Future studies will be required to survey the situation in flour mill companies and seek ways to protect the health and socioeconomic position of flour industry workers.

19세기 유럽 극장의 구축요소와 성격에 관한 연구

김형준,김광현 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.4

This study is to examine the elements of construction and their character in the 19^(th) century's european theaters. The purpose is to understand architecture in the 19^(th) century as the origin of the modern architecture in the 20^(th) century, and to reveal the authenticity of modern architecture through european theaters in the 19^(th) century. European theaters in the 19^(th) century are one of the leading architectural themes in that age. Having a vast influence on entire Europe, they are new modern institutions emerging with new modern technologies and cultures. This study analysis european theaters through 19^(th) century's society and its subjects which are people in 19^(th) century. As a result, construction of european theaters were formed by several elements which were related to architectural, social, technical environments. The major elements of construction in the 19^(th) century's european theaters were ‘perception’, ‘boundary’, ‘system’. The elements and the process in the construction of theaters are related to the modern architecture, and also relations in the theaters are involved to the architecture in the 20^(th) century. Therefore, the modern institutions in the 19^(th) century will be studied as to reveal identity of the modern architecture.