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정신분열병 환자에서 얼굴 영상의 작동기억 장애 : 기능자기공명영상연구
이창욱,김태석,주라형,박주미,박여진,김종진,전신수,배치운,김정진,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2
Objectives : Impaired processing of facial information is one of the broad ranges of cognitive deficits seen in patients with Schi-zophrenia. We aimed to elucidate the differences in brain activities involved in the process of facial working memory between schizophrenic patients and healthy comparison subjects. Methods : Twelve patients with schizophrenia were recruited along with twelve demographically matched healthy volunteers as a comparison group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess cortical activities during the Perfor-mance of a 2-back working memory paradigm using images of neutral faces as mnemonic content. Rcsults : The patient group performed the tasks with reduced accuracy. Group analysis revealed that the left fusiform gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral middle frontal gyri/insula, the left middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, the quadrangular lobules and the vermis of cerebellum showed decreased cortical activities in the patient group. On the other hand, an increased level of activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the pahetal lobule was observed from the patient group, all in the right hemisphere. Conulusion : A decreased level of activity in the left fusiform gyrus among the patient group implicates inefficient processing of facial information. An increased level of activation in prefrontal and parietal neural networks from the patient group confirms earlier findings on the impaired working memory of patients with schizophrenia.
김민경,노선숙,유현주,조성민,차인숙 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2001 교과교육학연구 Vol.5 No.1
21세기 지식기반사회는 자기 주도적으로 정보를 처리하고 해석하며 판단하는 능력과 지적 가치를 창조할 수 있는 능력을 길러주는 학교수학 교육을 요구하고 있다. 이에 수학교육과정에 담겨져야 할 수학적 지식의 구조․내용․범위, 지식기반 사회에 적합한 수학과 교수-학습, 평가, 교사역할 등 역시 새로운 관점에서 재조명될 필요가 있으며, 이러한 연구는 학교 현장에 대한 이해에서 출발하고 개인의 필요성과 사회의 요구를 반영한 것이어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지식기반사회에 대비하기 위한 수학과 교육과정 개발 연구의 기초 단계로 교사, 학생, 학부모를 대상으로 현장 설문 조사를 전국 규모로 실시하였다. 설문 조사는 Goodlad의 학교 교육과정 탐구의 개념적 구도를 바탕으로 한국 교육의 실정을 반영하여 설계되었다. 수학 교육과정 실체의 다양한 국면을 조사하기 위한 설문 내용은 목적 및 목표, 교과내용, 교수-학습방법, 평가, 수학적 지식의 성격, 교육정보화, 교사교육, 사교육, 교육과정일반으로 구성되었다. 본 고에서는 Goodlad의 교육과정 탐구모형과 그 모형에 기초하여 작성된 본 연구의 수학교육과정 탐구모형, 실시된 설문조사의 방법 및 절차를 소개하였고, 설문조사의 주된 결과를 토대로 수학교육과정 개발연구에의 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. This study is to provide suggestions for the development of better mathematics curriculum model of Korea based on a national survey of teachers (527), students (1314), and parents (638). It is our belief that understanding the perceptions and experiences of those involved in the process of teaching and learning of mathematics education needs to be the first priority in any effort to explore better mathematics curriculum model. For the study, Goodlad's conceptual system for curriculum inquiry has been used, but modified to take into account Korean context and the nature of mathematics curriculum. In this paper we introduce the Goodlad's curriculum inquiry model and mathematics curriculum inquiry model based on the Goodlad's conceptual system as well as the survey process. We made few recommendations from the main results of the survey for the research and development of mathematics curriculum model in Korea.
Papain 유도 호흡기 염증모델에서 인삼패독산(人蔘敗毒散)의 항염증 효과
우연주, 유준상, 이동혁, 서진우, 김주희, 권보인 상지대학교 한의학연구소 2023 尙志韓醫論文集 Vol.11 No.1
Objectives: Insampaedok-san and its main components have been used for treatment of fever, joint pain, cough, headache and pain. Using a respiratory inflammation model, we intend to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanism of Insampaedok-san. Methods: We induced the actue respiratory inflammatory mouse model by papain treatment. BALB/C mice (female, 8 weeks old) were divided into three groups as follows: saline control (SC): papain treated group (vehicle): papain and Insampaedok-san (200mg/kg) treated group (n=4). To demonstrate the ani-inflammatory effect of Insampaedok-san water extracts, inflammatory cell infiltration was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and nasal lavage fluid (NALF). In addition, immunogloblin (Ig)-E level was measured by using ELISA. Results: Insampaedok-san extracts administration decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF and NALF. Especially, eosinophil infiltration was dramatically reduced. Furthermore, total Ig-E level was diminished in BALF and serum by Insampaedok-san administration. Conclusions: Our findings revealed Insampaedok-san extracts have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting inflammatory cell, especially eosinophil infiltration and Ig-E level.
Fu, Deyi,Zhao, Xiaoxu,Zhang, Yu-Yang,Li, Linjun,Xu, Hai,Jang, A-Rang,Yoon, Seong In,Song, Peng,Poh, Sock Mui,Ren, Tianhua,Ding, Zijing,Fu, Wei,Shin, Tae Joo,Shin, Hyeon Suk,Pantelides, Sokrates T.,Zho American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.27
<P>Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a direct-band-gap semiconductor, is promising for applications in electronics and optoelectronics, but the scalable synthesis of highly crystalline film remains challenging. Here we report the successful epitaxial growth of a continuous, uniform, highly crystalline monolayer MoS2 film on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by molecular beam epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy studies reveal that MoS2 grown on h-BN primarily consists of two types of nucleation grains (0 aligned and 60 degrees antialigned domains). By adopting a high growth temperature and ultralow precursor flux, the formation of 60 degrees antialigned grains is largely suppressed. The resulting perfectly aligned grains merge seamlessly into a highly crystalline film. Large-scale monolayer MoS2 film can be grown on a 2 in. h-BN/sapphire wafer, for which surface morphology and Raman mapping confirm good spatial uniformity. Our study represents a significant step in the scalable synthesis of highly crystalline MoS2 films on atomically flat surfaces and paves the way to large-scale applications.</P>
백경란 ( Kyong Ran Peck ),송재훈 ( Jae Hoon Song ),김은석 ( Eun Seok Kim ),주은정 ( Eun Jeong Joo ),하영은 ( Young Eun Ha ),위유미 ( Yu Mi Wi ),정혜숙 ( Hae Suk Cheong ),이진서 ( Jin Seo Lee ),강철인 ( Cheol In Kang ),정두련 ( Doo 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회지 Vol.76 No.3
Background/Aims: The risk factors and clinical outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) have changed over the past few decades. Recently, the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus IE (SAIE) has increased. We investigated the clinical and microbiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of SAIE. Methods: All patient cases that were diagnosed as IE according to the modified Duke criteria in Samsung Medical Center during the period of January 1995 to December 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with SAIE were compared to those of non-SAIE patients with IE. Results: We enrolled 304 patients with IE. Of these, 240 cases were IE culture-positive, including 73 cases of SAIE. The mean age of patients with SAIE was 48.15±19.87 years, with male patients accounting for 71.2% of our study group. Congenital heart disease (8.2%) was less common among SAIE patients. Hospital-acquired IE was significantly more common in SAIE than in non-SAIE cohorts (p<0.05). Surgical treatment was performed in 33 cases (45.2%). Valvular regurgitation with heart failure was the most frequent cause of surgery (39.3%). Twenty-three cases exhibited complications, including extra cardiac embolization (16.4%) and heart failure (5.6%). Fever persisting for a period longer than seven days was more common among those in the SAIE group. Twelve patients (16.4%) died and four patients (5.4%) were discharged without hope of improvement. The in-hospital mortality rate was higher among SAIE patients (17.3%) compared to that among non-SAIE patients (11%), although this comparison was not statistically distinct (p>0.05). Methicillin resistance and non-surgical treatment were significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: SAIE is more strongly associated with systemic embolization, persistent fever, and longer hospital stays compared to non-SAIE. Further studies are warranted to evaluate adequate treatment and to improve the outcome of patients with SAIE. (Korean J Med 76:329-337, 2009)
Yong Kyun Cho,Heung Jeong Woo,Shin-Woo Kim,In-Gyu Bae,Young Goo Song,Hee Jin Cheong,Hyuck Lee,Sang Hoon Han,Hee Jung Choi,Chisook Moon,Seong Yeol Ryu,Jian Hur,Jacob Lee,Yu Mi Jo,Young Joo Kim 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.6
Background/Aims: To investigate epidemiologic characteristics, clinical and economic burdens, and factors associated with mortality in complicated skin and skin structure infection (cSSSI) patients in Korea. Methods: A retrospective, observational, nationwide study was conducted between April to July 2012 at 14 tertiary-hospitals in Korea. Eligible patients were hospitalized adults with community acquired cSSSI, who underwent surgical intervention and completed treatment between November 2009 and October 2011. Data on demography, clinical characteristics, outcomes and medical resource utilization were collected through medical record review. Direct medical costs were calculated by multiplying quantities of resources utilized by each unit price in Korea. Results: Of 473 patients enrolled, 449 patients (except 24 patients with no record on surgical intervention) were eligible for analysis. Microbiological testing was performed on 66.1% of patients and 8.2% had multiple pathogens. Among culture confirmed pathogens (n = 297 patients, 340 episodes), 76.2% were gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus; 41.2%) and 23.8% were gram-negative. The median duration of hospital stay was 16 days. Among treated patients, 3.3% experienced recurrence and 4.2% died in-hospital. The mean direct medical costs amounted to $4,195/ person, with the greatest expenses for hospitalization and antibiotics. The in-hospital mortality and total medical costs were higher in combined antibiotics therapy than monotherapy (p < 0.05). Charlson’s comorbidity index ≥ 3, standardized early warning scoring ≥ 4, sub-fascia infections and combined initial therapy, were all found to be associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: Korean patients with community-onset cSSSI suffer from considerable clinical and economic burden. Efforts should be made to reduce this burden through appropriate initial treatment.