Current trends in dental implants

Laura Gaviria,John Paul Salcido,Teja Guda,Joo L. Ong 대한구강악안면외과학회 2014 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.40 No.2

Tooth loss is very a very common problem; therefore, the use of dental implants is also a common practice. Although research on dental implant designs, materials and techniques has increased in the past few years and is expected to expand in the future, there is still a lot of work involved in the use of better biomaterials, implant design, surface modification and functionalization of surfaces to improve the long-term outcomes of the treatment. This paper provides a brief history and evolution of dental implants. It also describes the types of implants that have been developed, and the parameters that are presently used in the design of dental implants. Finally, it describes the trends that are employed to improve dental implant surfaces, and current technologies used for the analysis and design of the implants.

Antimicrobial surfaces for craniofacial implants: state of the art

Lisa Actis,Laura Gaviria,Teja Guda,Joo L. Ong 대한구강악안면외과학회 2013 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.39 No.2

In an attempt to regain function and aesthetics in the craniofacial region, different biomaterials, including titanium, hydroxyapatite, biodegradable polymers and composites, have been widely used as a result of the loss of craniofacial bone. Although these materials presented favorable success rates, osseointegration and antibacterial properties are often hard to achieve. Although bone-implant interactions are highly dependent on the implant’s surface characteristics, infections following traumatic craniofacial injuries are common. As such, poor osseointegration and infections are two of the many causes of implant failure. Further, as increasingly complex dental repairs are attempted, the likelihood of infection in these implants has also been on the rise. For these reasons, the treatment of craniofacial bone defects and dental repairs for long-term success remains a challenge. Various approaches to reduce the rate of infection and improve osseointegration have been investigated. Furthermore, recent and planned tissue engineering developments are aimed at improving the implants’ physical and biological properties by improving their surfaces in order to develop craniofacial bone substitutes that will restore, maintain and improve tissue function. In this review, the commonly used biomaterials for craniofacial bone restoration and dental repair, as well as surface modification techniques, antibacterial surfaces and coatings are discussed.

골 재생용 신규 하이드록시아파타이트/폴리락티드 이중구조 다공성 지지체의 구조 및 특성

손준식,박귀덕,한동근,Guda Teja,Mark Appleford,Joo L. Ong,오선호 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.13

The goal of this study was to develop novel hydroxyapatite (HAp)/ polylactide (PLA) bi-layered porous scaffold for tissue-engineered bone regeneration. To mimic normal bone structures, the outside cortical-like shells fabricated consisted of porous HAp and an inner trabecular-like core was made of porous PLA. Cortical-like porous HAp scaffolds with hollow in its inside was fabricated using a polymer sponge template. Trabecular-like porous PLA scaffold was directly formed by a particle leaching/gas foaming technique with sodium percarbonate as a novel porogen in inner diameter of HA scaffolds. The oxygen plasma treatment was performed to modify the PLA surface of bi-layered porous scaffold. The plasma-treated bi-layered scaffold was subsequently dipped in an alcoholic solution containing calcium and phosphate ions to deposit precursors on the surface. The surface modified bi-layered scaffold was immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 5 times ionic concentration for 24 hr to obtain the final bonelike apatite coated HAp/PLA bi-layered porous scaffold. It was observed that the HAp and PLA parts of fabricated bi-layered scaffolds contain open and interconnected pore structures, with no structural delaminations on the external surfaces. Using helium pycnometry, the maximum porosity was observed to be greater than 96% for bi-layered scaffold. Additionally, the distribution of pore size for the PLA scaffolds was from 100 to 700 μm. Also, the dense and uniform bone-like apatite layer was successfully formed on surface of HAp/PLA bi-layered scaffold after immersion for 1 day in SBF solution. Total protein and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content of bi-layered scaffold were higher than the control HAp scaffold during 4 weeks in vitro culture study using human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells. It is indicated that bi-layered porous scaffold has stronger ability to induce HEPM cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization than that of the control HAp porous scaffold. The resulting apatite coated HAp/PLA bi-layered porous scaffold is more bioactive that might be applicable as a promising scaffold for osteogenesis. The goal of this study was to develop novel hydroxyapatite (HAp)/ polylactide (PLA) bi-layered porous scaffold for tissue-engineered bone regeneration. To mimic normal bone structures, the outside cortical-like shells fabricated consisted of porous HAp and an inner trabecular-like core was made of porous PLA. Cortical-like porous HAp scaffolds with hollow in its inside was fabricated using a polymer sponge template. Trabecular-like porous PLA scaffold was directly formed by a particle leaching/gas foaming technique with sodium percarbonate as a novel porogen in inner diameter of HA scaffolds. The oxygen plasma treatment was performed to modify the PLA surface of bi-layered porous scaffold. The plasma-treated bi-layered scaffold was subsequently dipped in an alcoholic solution containing calcium and phosphate ions to deposit precursors on the surface. The surface modified bi-layered scaffold was immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 5 times ionic concentration for 24 hr to obtain the final bonelike apatite coated HAp/PLA bi-layered porous scaffold. It was observed that the HAp and PLA parts of fabricated bi-layered scaffolds contain open and interconnected pore structures, with no structural delaminations on the external surfaces. Using helium pycnometry, the maximum porosity was observed to be greater than 96% for bi-layered scaffold. Additionally, the distribution of pore size for the PLA scaffolds was from 100 to 700 μm. Also, the dense and uniform bone-like apatite layer was successfully formed on surface of HAp/PLA bi-layered scaffold after immersion for 1 day in SBF solution. Total protein and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content of bi-layered scaffold were higher than the control HAp scaffold during 4 weeks in vitro culture study using human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells. It is indicated that bi-layered porous scaffold has stronger ability to induce HEPM cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization than that of the control HAp porous scaffold. The resulting apatite coated HAp/PLA bi-layered porous scaffold is more bioactive that might be applicable as a promising scaffold for osteogenesis.

Histomorphometric Analysis of Delayed Implantation After Horizontal Distraction Osteogenesis of the Mandible in Dogs :

Sun, Ju-Rim,Kim, Su-Gwan,Moon, Seong-Yong,Lim, Sung-Chul,Ong, Joo L. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Wi 2009 Implant dentistry Vol.18 No.5

<P>Insufficient alveolar width is known to impede successful implantation and is a major obstacle to successful oral reconstruction using intraosseous implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration at implantation after consolidation in distracted narrow alveolar bone.</P>

Histomorphometric evaluation of immediately loaded SSII implants of different surface treatments in a dog model

Jeon, Woo-Jin,Kim, Su-Gwan,Lim, Sung-Chul,Ong, Joo L.,Oh, Daniel Sunho Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol.a90 No.2

<P>This study compared splint (experimental) and nonsplint (control) methods for immediately loaded implants and examined the bone–implant contact rate for smooth, oxidized, and resorbable blast medium (RBM) surfaces. The first through fourth mandibular premolars were extracted from six young adult dogs. Twelve weeks after extraction, implantation was performed at the extraction sites. The SSII OSSTEM implant had one of three surface treatments: smooth, oxidized, or RBM. Sixteen weeks after implantation, the dogs were euthanized; the hemimandibles were obtained and processed histologically to obtain nondecalcified sections. Longitudinal sections were made for each implant and analyzed using light microscopy. Independent of the splinting method, a significantly higher bone–implant contact was observed for implants with oxidized and RBM surfaces when compared with implants with smooth surfaces. Irrespective of the splinting method, immediately loaded implants with oxidized and RBM surfaces may result in higher bone–implant integration when compared with implants with smooth surfaces. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009</P>

Three-dimensional printing for craniomaxillofacial regeneration

Laura Gaviria,Joseph J. Pearson,Sergio A. Montelongo,Teja Guda,Joo L. Ong 대한구강악안면외과학회 2017 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Craniomaxillofacial injuries produce complex wound environments involving various tissue types and treatment strategies. In a clinical setting, care is taken to properly irrigate and stabilize the injury, while grafts are molded in an attempt to maintain physiological functionality and cosmesis. This often requires multiple surgeries and grafts leading to added discomfort, pain and financial burden. Many of these injuries can lead to disfigurement and resultant loss of system function including mastication, respiration, and articulation, and these can lead to acute and long-term psychological impact on the patient. A main causality of these issues is the lack of an ability to spatially control pre-injury morphology while maintaining shape and function. With the advent of additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing) and its use in conjunction with biomaterial regenerative strategies and stem cell research, there is an increased potential capacity to alleviate such limitations. This review focuses on the current capabilities of additive manufacturing platforms, completed research and potential for future uses in the treatment of craniomaxillofacial injuries, with an in-depth discussion of regeneration of the periodontal complex and teeth.

Clinical evaluations of OSTEON® as a new alloplastic material in sinus bone grafting and its effect on bone healing

Kim, Young-Kyun,Yun, Pil-Young,Lim, Sung-Chul,Kim, Su-Gwan,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Ong, Joo L. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B Vol.b86 No.1

<B>Purpose:</B><P>The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate the use of OSTEON® as a sinus graft material and to measure the effect of healing at 4 and 6 months after surgery.</P><B>Materials and Methods:</B><P>After sinus graft using OSTEON® in 17 patients, bone specimens were collected from lateral sinus using 2.0-mm trephine bur at the time of 4 or 6 months after surgery. Histology of the bone specimens was prepared and the percentage of newly formed bone fraction, lamellar bone/woven bone ratio (LB/WB), and newly formed bone/graft material ratio (NB/GM) were measured to indicate the suitability of the materials and the successful healing of the graft.</P><B>Results:</B><P>The morphology of OSTEON® was observed to be interconnected, with 77% porosity and a pore size of 300–500 μm. After implantation, the mean percentage of newly formed bone fraction after 4 months and 6 months surgery was 40.6 and 51.9%, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference (p = 0.135) in the newly formed bone fraction between the two postoperative periods. The mean LB/WB ratio after 4 months and 6 months surgery was 0.14 and 0.45, respectively, with significant difference observed between the two postoperative periods (p = 0.027). Additionally, the mean NB/GM ratio after 4 months and 6 months surgery was 1.95 and 7.72, respectively, with significant difference observed between the two postoperative periods (p = 0.046).</P><B>Conclusion:</B><P>It was concluded that OSTEON® is suitable for use in sinus graft application since desirable time-dependent healing was demonstrated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008</P>

Surface characterization and dissolution study of biodegradable calcium metaphosphate coated by sol-gel method

Oh, Sunho,Han, Myung-Ho,Im, Wan-Bin,Kim, Suk Young,Kim, Kyo Han,You, Changkook,Ong, Joo L. Springer-Verlag 2010 Journal of sol-gel science and technology Vol.53 No.3