Functional Spectrum of a Discourse Marker so in Korean EFL Teacher Talk

Jongmi Lee 한국영어학회 2019 영어학 Vol.19 No.3

Inhibitory effects of Capsicum annuum L. water extracts on lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 cells

Jongmi Baek,Jaesung Lee,Kyoungkon Kim,Taewoo Kim,Daejung Kim,Cheonan Kim,Kanazawa Tsutomu,Sarangowa Ochir,Kooyeon Lee,Cheol Ho Park,Yong-Jik Lee,Myeon Choe 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.2

Obesity, an intractable metabolic disease, currently has no medical treatment without side effects, so studies have been actively carried out to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum side effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of seven Capsicum annuum L. varieties being Putgochu (Pca), Oyee gochu (Oca), Kwari putgochu (Kca), Green pepper (Gca), Yellow paprika (Yca), Red paprika (Rca) and Cheongyang gochu (Cca), were examined through the evaluation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression level in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse pre-adipocytes). After capsaicin elimination by chloroform defatting, freeze-dried powder of Cca was treated to 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity effects were examined by determining the LPL mRNA level using the RT-PCR method. Of the primary fractions, only proven fractions underwent secondary and tertiary refractionating to determine anti-obesity effects. From seven different Capsicum annuum L., there was a significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level of 50.9% in Cca treatment compared to the control group. A significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level was shown in primary fractions (Fr) 5 (36.2% decrease) and 6 (30.5% decrease) of the Cca water extracts. Due to the impurities checked by UPLC chromatography, Fr 5 and 6 were refractionated to determine the LPL mRNA expression level. Treatment of Fr 6-6 (35.8% decrease) and Fr 5-6 (35.3% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. When analyzed using UPLC, major compounds of Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 were very similar. Subsequently, we refractionated Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 to isolate the major peak for structure elucidation. Treatment of Fr 5-6-1 (26.6% decrease) and Fr 6-6-1 (29.7% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. Consequently, the fractions may have a possibility to ameliorate obesity through the decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level.

Pyrazole C-region analogues of 2-(3-fluoro-4-methylsulfonylaminophenyl)propanamides as potent TRPV1 antagonists

Lee, Sunho,Kim, Changhoon,Ann, Jihyae,Thorat, Shivaji A.,Kim, Eunhye,Park, Jongmi,Choi, Sun,Blumberg, Peter M.,Frank-Foltyn, Robert,Bahrenberg, Gregor,Stockhausen, Hannelore,Christoph, Thomas,Lee, Jee Pergamon Press 2017 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters Vol.27 No.18

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A series of 1-substituted 3-(<I>t</I>-butyl/trifluoromethyl)pyrazole C-region analogues of 2-(3-fluoro-4-methylsulfonamidophenyl)propanamides were investigated for <I>h</I>TRPV1 antagonism. The structure activity relationship indicated that the 3-chlorophenyl group at the 1-position of pyrazole was the optimized hydrophobic group for antagonistic potency and the activity was stereospecific to the <I>S</I>-configuration, providing exceptionally potent antagonists <B>13<I>S</I> </B> and <B>16<I>S</I> </B> with <I>K<SUB>i(CAP)</SUB> </I> =0.1nM. Particularly significant, <B>13<I>S</I> </B> exhibited antagonism selective for capsaicin and NADA and not for low pH or elevated temperature. Both compounds also proved to be very potent antagonists for <I>r</I>TRPV1, blocking <I>in vivo</I> the hypothermic action of capsaicin, consistent with their <I>in vitro</I> mechanism. The docking study of compounds <B>13<I>S</I> </B> and <B>16<I>S</I> </B> in our <I>h</I>TRPV1 homology model indicated that the binding modes differed somewhat, with that of <B>13<I>S</I> </B> more closely resembling that of <B>GRT12360</B>.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

[Erratum] Funding Acknowledgment

Jongmi Baek,Jaesung Lee,Kyoungkon Kim,Taewoo Kim,Daejung Kim,Cheonan Kim,Kanazawa Tsutomu,Sarangowa Ochir,Kooyeon Lee,Cheol Ho Park,Yong-Jik Lee,Myeon Choe 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.3

동결융해 환경에서의 제설염 종류와 표면강화제 처리에 따른 콘크리트의 표면박리 저항성 및 평가방법에 관한 연구

이현기(Lee, Hyeongi),이인희(Lee, Inhee),이종미(Lee, Jongmi),오홍섭(Oh, Hongseob) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 제설염의 종류 및 구체강화제의 처리 유무에 따른 콘크리트 표면 박리저항성을 평가하고, 3D 스캐닝에 의해 표면상태를 평가하는 기법을 제안하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 많이 사용되고 있는 다양한 습염식 제설염을 국외의 스케일링 시험법에 따라 콘크리트 표면에 표면강화제를 변수로 하여 박리실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 무기질계 구체강화제를 사용한 경우 스케일링 저항성이 크게 향상되는 것으로 나타났으며, 규산나트륨계열의 강화제의 경우에는 박리가 상대적으로 많이 진행되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 표면 박리를 평가하기 위하여 3D 스캐닝을 사용하여 박리량을 평가하는 법을 제안하고자 하였다. The objectives of this research study were to evaluate and discuss the scaling resistance of concrete surface due to freeze-thaw effect according to both the type of saline solution that was applied in compliance with overseas standards, and the treatment of the concrete surface hardener. Further, the accuracy of the evaluation method was assessed utilizing 3-D imaging technologies to determine the scaling resistance of concrete surface. This research study comparatively analyzed the scaling resistance of concrete surfacefor deicing agents that are currently used in domestic pre-wetting spray systems. Comparisons were made according to the saline solution that is used in compliance with overseas scaling resistance evaluation standards, the type of concrete surface hardener used, and whether the concrete had undergone a surface treatment. The results based on the concrete surface hardener treatment manifested superior results when mineral silane-based treatment agents were used. In order to provide a more quantitatively reliable evaluation, a concrete surface scaling resistance evaluation method utilizing 3-D scanning technologies was proposed in this research study.

섬유보강 MPC 모르타르의 초기 경화 및 수축 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

이현기(Lee, Hyeongi),이인희(Lee, Inhee),이종미(Lee, Jongmi),오홍섭(Oh, Hongseob) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.3

일반적으로 콘크리트 구조물은 다양한 환경에 노출되어 복합적인 성능저하 인자로 인한 손상이 가속화됨에 따라 보수공법 및 재료의 수요가 급증하고 있다. 이에 따라 다양한 계열의 보수재료가 개발 및 연구되고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 마그네시아 인산염 복합체(Magnesia Phosphate Composite, MPC) 모르타르를 보수재료로 적용하고자 한다. MPC모르타르는 마그네시아와 인산칼륨이 주요 결합재의 역할을 하여 급속한 반응성을 통한 조기 강도 증진에 효과적이고, 반응 생성물의 결합성이 견고하여 물리적 성능 및 내구성이 우수하다. 하지만 이와 같은 급속한 반응 속도는 팽창 및 반응열에 따른 미세 균열의 발생 가능성이 내제되어있어 지연제 및 섬유를 활용하여 경화속도 및 균열을 제어하고자 한다. 그 결과, MPC 모르타르의 경우 붕산을 지연제로 혼입한 경우 조기 강도 및 가사 시간 확보 측면에서 우수한 효과를 나타내었으며, 셀룰로오스 섬유로 보강된 경우반응에 따른 팽창 및 건조수축을 제어하는 데에 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. Recently, there is an increase in the demand for repair methods and materials for concrete structures that are damage due to combined deterioration from being exposed to various environments. Thus, this study proposed MPC (Magnesia Phosphate Composite) mortar as a rapid repair material. The magnesia and potassium phosphate in MPC react as a main binder and are effective in increasing early strength through quick reactivity, and because MPC has a substantial chemistry bonding structure, MPC also has excellent physical performance and durability. But because this rapid reactivity inherently has issues related to microcracking caused by expansion and reaction heat, retarder and fibers are proposed to be used to control the hardening rate and cracking. The results confirmed that when mixing in boric acid as a retarder, the MPC mixture showed excellent performance in early strength and secure in work time, and also that when reinforcing the mixture with cellulose fiber, MPC was effective in controlling expansion and shrinkage.

정상인과 퇴행성 아래 눈꺼풀 속말림 및 눈물 흘림 환자에서 안쪽, 가쪽 눈구석 인대 이완의 측정

이태은,이화,이종미,백세현,Tae Eun Lee,Hwa Lee,Jongmi Lee,Sehyun Baek 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.12

Purpose: The degree of laxity of the medial and lateral canthal tendon in Korean subjects with and without involutional entropion and epiphora was evaluated in the present study. Methods: The present study included 180 normal subjects (360 eyes), 12 patients (15 eyes) with involutional entropion, and 41 patients (58 eyes) with epiphora. The degree of laxity of the medial and lateral canthal tendon, which grades the position of the inferior punctum, was measured using the lateral and medial distraction test. Results: The mean degree of medial and lateral canthal tendon laxity was 1.83/1.08 in normal subjects. A statistical difference was not observed between sexes, and the mean degree of laxity tended to be higher in older patients. The mean degree of laxity was 2.78/2.18 and 2.28/1.22 in the involutional entropion group and the epiphora group, respectively. The involutional entropion group and the epiphora group underwent endoscopic endonasal dacryocystitis (D), medial spindle procedure (M), and endoscopic endonasal dacryocystitis with the medial spindle procedure and/or the tarsal strip procedure (T). The mean degree of laxity was 1.84/1.04 in group D, 3.00/1.20 in group M, 2.33/2.00 in group D + T, 3.20/1.40 in group D + M and 3.50/2.00 in group D + T + M before surgery. Conclusions: The results from the present study may aid in the selection of a basic treatment plan for Korean patients with involutional entropion or epiphora. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(12):1385-1390

안외상의 통계적 고찰과 안외상 점수를 통한 평가

유준호,이화,이종미,이태수,백세현,Jun Ho Yoo,Hwa Lee,Jongmi Lee,Tae Soo Lee,Sehyun Baek 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.9

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of ocular injuries for the prevention and predictability of visual prognosis and the treatment of ocular injuries using the ocular trauma score. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed in 1341 eyes of 1257 patients, who visited Korea University Medical Center from May 2009 to December 2009. The sex, age, causes, diagnosis, primary ocular surgery, injury site, initial and final visual acuities and complications were statistically reviewed. The ocular trauma score was calculated by assigning certain numerical raw points to the following six variables: initial visual acuity, globe rupture, endophthalmitis, perforating injury, retinal detachment, and a relative afferent pupillary defect. The correlation of the ocular traumascore with the final visual acuity was investigated. Results: The incidence of ocular injuries was higher in males (79.0%) than in females and was more common in people in their 40s and 20s respectively. Among the patient the diagnoses, corneal erosion was most common in males, orbital wall fracture was most common in females, and corneal erosion, orbital wall fracture, orbital contusion, and hyphema were most common overall. An ocular trauma score was less than 44 in 6 eyes (0.7%), 9 eyes (1.0%) between a score of 45 and 65, 48 eyes (5.2%) between a score of 66 and 80, 122 eyes (13.2%) between a score of 81 and 90, and 737 eyes (79.9%) between a score of 91 and 100. Conclusions: The present study determined that the ocular trauma score showed a good visual predictive value and could be used in prevention and treatment of ocular injuries. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(9):1024-1029

광여기된 CdS 콜로이드 계면에서의 전자의 전달 현상

김성규,이종미 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.2

펨토초 띄움-들띄움 분광학을 이용하여 CdS 콜로이드 수용액의 빛 흡수 후 과도체의 변환을 시간적으로 추적하였다. 실험 신호는 실험 시간 분해능보다 빨리 오르며 4.8 피코초와 132 피코초의 두 소멸 시간을 가지고 사라진다. 두 소멸 성분의 높이 비율은 띄움 펄스의 세기에 따라 달라지며 두 소멸시간이 정공 스캐빈저 하에서 모두 빨라진다. 이러한 현상은 액체-고체 계면 간의 전자 갇힘에 기인한다고 본다. 이러한 동력학적 관찰은 갇힌 전자가 정공에 의해 제짝 재결합(느린 소멸)과 비제짝 재결합(빠른 소멸)을 일으키는 메카니즘으로 설명이 가능하다. We measured, using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, the time evolution of transient absorption in aqueous CdS colloids. The signal rises within the time resolution of the experiment and decays with the two time constants, 4.8 ps and 132 ps. The amplitude ratio of the two components varies with the pump intensity and the decasy times reduce in the presence of hole scavengers. We attribute the transient to the trapped electron at the liquid-solid interface. Geminate recombination (long decay) and nongeminate recombination (short decay) of the trapped electron are suggestively responsible for the observed dynamics.

제3문화 아이들(Third Culture Kids)의 학업·사회적 적응에 관한 합의적 질적 연구

이수경 ( Sookyoung Lee ),배기원 ( Kiwon Bae ),최정미 ( Jongmi Choi ),강명수 ( Myungsu Kang ),김경심 ( Kyungsim Kim ),박은희 ( Eunhee Park ),서윤정 ( Yoonjeong Seo ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2018 교육문화연구 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구는 제3문화 아이들(Third Culture Kids)의 학업·사회적 적응의 양상을 파악하고자 해외 거주기간이 2년 이상, 귀국한 지 5년 이내인 청소년 8명을 대상으로 면담을 실시하고 합의적·질적 연구방법(Consensual Qualitative Research)으로 이들의 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과 총 12개의 영역과 67개의 범주가 도출되었다. 해외에서의 학업·사회적 적응으로 연구대상자들의 과반수 이상은 외국인 친구들과 의사소통에 어려움이 없이 친하게 지냈던 것으로 나타났으며, 공부에 대한 강요가 없었다고 느꼈다. 연구대상자들의 대부분이 어릴 때 출국하였기 때문에 외국어를 잘 구사하는 편이었는데, 이러한 언어적 구사능력이 대인관계에도 영향을 미쳤으리라 생각해 볼 수 있다. 해외에서 문화충격을 느꼈다고 응답한 학생들도 있었지만, 귀국 이후 역문화 충격을 경험하였다고 보고한 학생들이 더 많았다. 구체적으로 한국 학생들에게서 주로 나타나는 생활 양상(화장, 남학생들의 거친 행동 등)을 역문화 충격으로 경험하였으며, 귀국시 한국어 구사능력 및 사회적 적응에 대한 두려움, 해외에서 사귄 친구와 헤어지는 것에 대한 상실감 등의 부정적인 감정이 나타났다. 귀국 이후 어려운 점의 해결로는 부모, 교사 혹은 친구와 같은 타인들의 도움 그리고 귀국반이 도움이 되었다고 응답한 학생들이 많았으므로, 귀국 시 이들을 위한 심리적 지지 및 교육· 상담적 지원이 필요함을 파악해 볼 수 있다. 연구대상자들은 해외와 국내의 학업·사회적 적응을 비교할 때, 유사점보다는 차이점을 더 많이 느꼈으며, 국내 귀국 이후 학업에 대한 부담감을 많이 느낀 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 귀국 시 제 3문화 아이들의 학업스트레스가 높아질 것으로 예상할 수 있으므로, 이들을 위한 학업적 지원도 필요함을 생각해 볼 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 제 3문화 아이들의 귀국 이후의 학업·사회적 적응 지원을 위한 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to explore academic·social adjustment aspect of the third culture kids. For these purpose, the in-depth interviews were conducted targeting 8 adolescents who resided abroad at least 2 years, within five years since returning home and collected data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research. The analyses resulted in 12 domains and 67 categories. As the results of the academic·social adjustment, more than half of the subjects answered no compulsion to study abroad, liked foreign education methods, got along well with foreign friends without difficulty communicating. There were more subjects who felt reverse culture shock in Korea than experienced culture shock abroad. Specifically, the makeup of Korean students, rough behavior of male students, others were experienced as reverse culture shock. And the subjects felt concern about Korean speaking ability, social adjustment, had loss of separation from friends abroad when returned home. As solution to the difficulties after returning home, the subjects answered others’ support and returning class were helpful. So, psychological, educational, counseling support will be needed. And the subjects answered the academic level of Korean was higher than that of Foreign, so academic support will be necessary. The findings will be used as resources for academic·social support of third culture kids.