온라인 게임에서의 쾌락적 경험에 관한 연구 - 지각된 복잡성의 조절효과를 중심으로 : 온라인 게임에서의 쾌락적 경험에 관한 연구

Lee Jongho(李宗昊),Yunhee Jung(丁允姬) 한국마케팅과학회 2008 마케팅과학연구 Vol.18 No.2

온라인 게임에서의 경험을 설명하는 대부분의 이전 연구들이 플로우의 역할을 강조하고 있으며, 플로우의 선행요인과 결과요인을 밝히는데 초점을 두었다. 플로우는 온라인상의 몰입경험을 설명하는데 타당한 것으로 기존 연구에서 검증되었고 성과와 직결된다는 점에서 중요한 변수임은 분명하지만, 쾌락적 경험으로서의 온라인 게임을 설명하는 데 있어서는 부족하다. 이러한 기존 연구의 부족한 점을 보완하고자, 본 연구는 음악과 영화분야에서 연구된 쾌락적 반응 연구를 온라인 게임에 적용하여 온라인 게임에서의 다차원적인 경험과정을 보여주고자 하였다. 또한 기존에 쾌락적 반응에 관한 연구를 보완하여 감각적 반응, 상상적 반응, 분석적 반응이 감정적 반응에 주는 영향을 검증하였으며, 플로우를 대신해 쾌락적 반응들이 게임 만족에 주는 영향, 게임 만족이 충성도에 주는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 그리고 쾌락적 선호를 조절하거나 매개하는 변수로 알려진 지각된 복잡성에 따른 조절 영향을 확인함으로써, 자극의 차이에 따른 쾌락적 반응의 영향차이를 보지 않았던 기존연구를 확장하였다. 연구결과, 감각적 반응, 상상적 반응, 분석적 반응의 감정적 반응에 대한 유의한 영향, 각각의 쾌락적 반응의 만족에 대한 유의한 영향, 만족의 충성도에 대한 영향이 검증되었다. 그리고 이러한 영향은 지각된 복잡성이 다른 집단 별로 달랐는데, 예상한 바대로 지각된 복잡성이 높은 집단에서는 분석적 반응이 전반적으로 강한 영향을, 그리고 낮은 집단에서는 감각적 반응이 감정과 만족에 강한 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 연구 마지막에는 이러한 결과들에 대한 요약 및 해석, 시사점 및 한계점이 논의되었다. Online game researchers focus on the flow and factors influencing flow. Flow is conceptualized as an optimal experience state and useful explaining game experience in online. Many game studies focused on the customer loyalty and flow in playing online game, In showing specific game experience, however, it doesn"t examine multidimensional experience process. Flow is not construct which show absorbing process, but construct which show absorbing result. Hence, Flow is not adequate to examine multidimensional experience of games. Online game is included in hedonic consumption. Hedonic consumption is a relatively new field of study in consumer research and it explores the consumption experience as a experiential view(Hirschman and Holbrook 1982). Hedonic consumption explores the consumption experience not as an information processing event but from a phenomenological of experiential view, which is a primarily subjective state. It includes various playful leisure activities, sensory pleasures, daydreams, esthetic enjoyment, and emotional responses. In online game experience, therefore, it is right to access through a experiential view of hedonic consumption. The objective of this paper was to make up for lacks in our understanding of online game experience by developing a framework for better insight into the hedonic experience of online game. We developed this framework by integrating and extending existing research in marketing, online game and hedonic responses. We then discussed several expectations for this framework. We concluded by discussing the results of this study, providing general recommendation and directions for future research. In hedonic response research, Lacher"s research(1994)and Jongho lee and Yunhee Jung" research (2005;2006) has served as a fundamental starting point of our research. A common element in this extended research is the repeated identification of the four hedonic responses: sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytic response. The validity of these four constructs finds in research of music(Lacher 1994) and movie(Jongho lee and Yunhee Jung" research 2005;2006). But, previous research on hedonic response didn"t show that constructs of hedonic response have cause-effect relation. Also, although hedonic response enable to different by stimulus properties. effects of stimulus properties is not showed. To fill this gap, while largely based on Lacher(1994)" research and Jongho Lee and Yunhee Jung(2005, 2006)" research, we made several important adaptation with the primary goal of bringing the model into online game and compensating lacks of previous research. We maintained the same construct proposed by Lacher et al.(1994), with four constructs of hedonic response sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytical response. In this study, the sensory response is typified by some physical movement(Yingling 1962), the imaginal response is typified by images, memories, or situations that game evokes(Myers 1914), and the emotional response represents the feelings one experiences when playing game, such as pleasure, arousal, dominance, finally, the analytical response is that game player engaged in cognition seeking while playing game (Myers 1912). However, this paper has several important differences. We attempted to suggest multi-dimensional experience process in online game and cause-effect relation among hedonic responses. Also, We investigated moderate effects of perceived complexity. Previous studies about hedonic responses didn"t show influences of stimulus properties. According to Berlyne"s theory (1960, 1974) of aesthetic response, perceived complexity is a important construct because it effects pleasure. Pleasure in response to an object will increase with increased complexity, to an optimal level. After that, with incre

Variation of Floating Potential in the Topside Ionosphere Observed by STSAT-1

Junhyun Lee,Ensang Lee,Jaejin Lee,Khan-Hyuk Kim,Jongho Seon,Dong-Hun Lee,Ho Jin,Eung-Hyun Kim,Hyun-Jin Jeon,Seong-Bin Lim,Taeyoun Kim,Jaewoong Jang,Kyung-Duk Jang,Kwangsun Ryu 한국우주과학회 2014 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.31 No.4

In this study, we investigated the effect of space plasmas on the floating potential variation of a low-altitude, polar-orbiting satellite using the Langmuir Probe (LP) measurement onboard the STSAT-1 spacecraft. We focused on small potential drops, for which the estimation of plasma density and temperature from LP is available. The floating potential varied according to the variations of plasma density and temperature, similar to the previously reported observations. Most of the potential drops occurred around the nightside auroral region. However, unlike the previous studies where large potential drops were observed with the precipitation of auroral electrons, the potential drops occurred before or after the precipitation of auroral electrons. Statistical analysis shows that the potential drops have good correlation with the temperature increase of cold electrons, which suggests the small potential drops be mainly controlled by the cold ionospheric plasmas.

Proinsulin Shares a Motif with Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and Induces Inflammatory Cytokine via Interleukin-1 Receptor 1

Lee, Siyoung,Kim, Eunsom,Jhun, Hyunjhung,Hong, Jaewoo,Kwak, Areum,Jo, Seunghyun,Bae, Suyoung,Lee, Jongho,Kim, Busun,Lee, Jungmin,Youn, Sulah,Kim, Somi,Kim, Miyeon,Kim, Hyunwoo,Lee, Youngmin,Choi, Dong American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2016 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.291 No.28

<P>Although it has been established that diabetes increases susceptibility to infections, the role of insulin (INS) in the immune response is unknown. Here, we investigated the immunological function of INS. Proinsulin dimer (pINSd) was a potent immune stimulus that induced inflammatory cytokines, but mature INS was unable to induce an immune response. An affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against mature IL-1α recognized IL-1α and pINS but failed to detect mature INS and IL-1β. Analysis of the pINS sequence revealed the existence of an INS/IL-1α motif in the C-peptide of pINS. Surprisingly, the INS/IL-1α motif was recognized by monoclonal antibody raised against IL-1α. Deleting the INS/IL-1α motif in pINSd and IL-1α changed their activities. To investigate the pINSd receptor, the reconstitution of IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) in Wish cells restored pINSd activity that was reversed by an IL-1R antagonist. These data suggested that pINSd needs IL-1R1 for inflammatory cytokine induction. Mouse embryo fibroblast cells of IL-1R1-deficient mice further confirmed that pINSd promotes immune responses through IL-1R1.</P>

이태준 동화의 시점 연구

이종호 건국대학교 중원인문연구소 2004 동화와 번역 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this research is to analyze Ire Tae-Jun's viewpoint of fairy tales and explicate the characteristics of his writing skill and Idealogical attitude towards fairy tale. When it comes to the study of fairy tale, much of the research has mainly been focused on its theme or motif, not writing skill. Therefore, it is necessary to study writing skills and viewpoint of fairy tale in order to systemize the theories of fairy tale Through the analysis of the point of view, we can summarize the characteristics of lee Tae-Jun's fairy tale as follows: First, the objective description through external focalization dominates the whole text of his fairy tale, by which he tried to revive the innocence of childhood. Second, his story places great emphasis on innocence, purity and curiosity, enlightening the value of lift which being innocent larks. Third, his story prompts children to arise their curiosity, never forcing to follow adult's idiologies. Finally, the rural community Is the main background of his story, on which he tries to make people aware of the purity of human society and the value of human relationship. These narrative characteristics of lee Tae-Jun's fairy tale deserves well of attention in the literature world. In addition, it is also necessary to Inteuextually discuss the differences between the characteristics of Lee Tae-Jun's laky tale and those of other contemporary authors', which contributes to enriching our fairy tale's history and developing the only fairy tale literature.

Variation of Floating Potential in the Topside Ionosphere Observed by STSAT-1

Lee, Junhyun,Lee, Ensang,Lee, Jaejin,Kim, Khan-Hyuk,Seon, Jongho,Lee, Dong-Hun,Jin, Ho,Kim, Eung-Hyun,Jeon, Hyun-Jin,Lim, Seong-Bin,Kim, Taeyoun,Jang, Jaewoong,Jang, Kyung-Duk,Ryu, Kwangsun The Korean Space Science Society 2014 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.31 No.4

In this study, we investigated the effect of space plasmas on the floating potential variation of a low-altitude, polar-orbiting satellite using the Langmuir Probe (LP) measurement onboard the STSAT-1 spacecraft. We focused on small potential drops, for which the estimation of plasma density and temperature from LP is available. The floating potential varied according to the variations of plasma density and temperature, similar to the previously reported observations. Most of the potential drops occurred around the nightside auroral region. However, unlike the previous studies where large potential drops were observed with the precipitation of auroral electrons, the potential drops occurred before or after the precipitation of auroral electrons. Statistical analysis shows that the potential drops have good correlation with the temperature increase of cold electrons, which suggests the small potential drops be mainly controlled by the cold ionospheric plasmas.

Wet CO₂/N₂ permeation through a crosslinked thermally rearranged poly(benzoxazole-<i>co</i>-imide) (XTR-PBOI) hollow fiber membrane module for CO₂ capture

Lee, Jung Hyun,Lee, Jongmyeong,Jo, Hye Jin,Seong, Jong Geun,Kim, Ju Sung,Lee, Won Hee,Moon, Jongho,Lee, Dahun,Oh, Woong Jin,Yeo, Jeong-gu,Lee, Young Moo Elsevier 2017 Journal of membrane science Vol.539 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recently developed crosslinked-thermally rearranged (XTR) polymeric membranes, which show enhanced gas separation, are applicable for CO<SUB>2</SUB> separation from post-combustion gases. Moreover, the resulting thermally rearranged polybenzoxazole (TR-PBO) structure that is thermally induced from hydroxyl-polyimides (HPI) provides high thermal and chemical resistance, which is favorable for gas separation applications containing condensable gases such as water vapor. Herein, the influence of water vapor on the CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture efficiency was evaluated using XTR poly(benzoxazole-<I>co</I>-imide) (XTR-PBOI) hollow fiber membrane modules which were compared with crosslinked HPI (XHPI) in mixture gas and single gases for CO<SUB>2</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB>. The results revealed that the permeate CO<SUB>2</SUB> flow rate in the hydrophobic XTR-PBOI module showed enhanced separation performance, whereas the flow rate severely decreased in the relatively hydrophilic XHPI module, reflecting more significant capillary condensation effect in the XHPI membranes. Both membrane modules showed excellent plasticization resistance, and the XTR-PBOI hollow fiber membrane module presented reasonable long-term stability over 240h.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effect of water vapor in CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture using an XTR-PBOI hollow fiber membrane module. </LI> <LI> XTR hollow fiber membrane modules were compared in a simulated wet flue gas system. </LI> <LI> Capillary condensation in porous substructure changed membrane performance under wet conditions. </LI> <LI> The CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture efficiency, CO<SUB>2</SUB> purity and recovery drastically enhanced in the presence of water. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Conceptual image of wet-mixed gas transport (left), relative permeate CO<SUB>2</SUB> and N<SUB>2</SUB> flow rate (middle) in XHPI and XTR-PBOI hollow fiber membranes, and long-term stability (right) of XTR-PBOI membranes.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

고온용 MoSi₂ 재료의 소결첨가물에 따른 산화거동

이종호(Jongho Lee),이문희(Moonhee Lee),김성원(Sungwon Kim),이진경(Jinkyung Lee),이상필(Sangpill Lee) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

Strong Localization of Anionic Electrons at Interlayer for Electrical and Magnetic Anisotropy in Two-Dimensional Y₂C Electride

Park, Jongho,Lee, Kimoon,Lee, Seung Yong,Nandadasa, Chandani N.,Kim, Sungho,Lee, Kyu Hyoung,Lee, Young Hee,Hosono, Hideo,Kim, Seong-Gon,Kim, Sung Wng American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.2

<P>We have synthesized a single crystalline Y2C electride of centimeter-scale by floating-zone method and successfully characterized its anisotropic electrical and magnetic properties. In-plane resistivity upturn at low temperature together with anisotropic behavior of negative magnetoresistance is ascribed to the stronger suppression of spin fluctuation along in-plane than that along the c-axis, verifying the existence of magnetic moments preferred for the c-axis. A superior magnetic moment along the c-axis to that along the in-plane direction strongly demonstrates the anisotropic magnetism of Y2C electride containing a magnetically easy axis. It is clarified from the theoretical calculations that the anisotropic nature of the Y2C electride originates from strongly localized anionic electrons with an inherent magnetic anisotropy in the interlayer spaces.</P>

체결력과 신뢰성을 함께 높인 공동주택 오수·배수·우수用 DH5.0 이음관

이종호(Jongho Lee),이종태(Jongtae Lee),이일행(Ilhaeng Lee),서재호(Jae Ho Seo),김형욱(Hyung Wook Kim),황기웅(KiWoong Hwang) 대한설비공학회 2021 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

PPI announced DH5.0 fittings, which increased the fastening force and reliability of joint pipes connected to the upright pipes of apartments. According to the standard specification (2011) of construction machinery equipment work established by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the test water pressure for sewage, drainage and rainwater pipelines is specified as 0.3kgf/㎠. However, as the number of high-rise buildings increased, customer needs for higher water pressure at the connection of sewage, drainage, and rainwater pipes were raised. The water pressure resistance performance was improved to more than 5.0kgf/㎠, which is more than 16 times the regulation. In this paper, the mechanism is introduced.

Simple and Versatile Non-Fullerene Acceptor Based on Benzothiadiazole and Rhodanine for Organic Solar Cells

Ahn, Jongho,Oh, Sora,Lee, HyunKyung,Lee, Sangjun,Song, Chang Eun,Lee, Hang Ken,Lee, Sang Kyu,So, Won-Wook,Moon, Sang-Jin,Lim, Eunhee,Shin, Won Suk,Lee, Jong-Cheol American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.33

<P>Most non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are designed in a complex planar molecular conformation containing fused aromatic rings in high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). To obtain the final molecules, however, numerous synthetic steps are necessary. In this work, a novel simple-structured NFA containing alkoxy-substituted benzothiadiazole and a rhodanine end group (BTDT2R) is designed and synthesized. We also investigate the photovoltaic properties of BTDT2R-based OSCs employing representative polymer donors (wide band gap and high-crystalline P3HT, medium band gap and semicrystalline PPDT2FBT, and narrow band gap and low-crystalline PTB7-Th) to compare the performance capabilities of fullerene acceptor-based OSCs, which are well matched with various polymer donors. OSCs based on P3HT:BTDT2R, PPDT2FBT:BTDT2R, and PTB7-Th:BTDT2R achieved efficiency as high as 5.09, 6.90, and 8.19%, respectively. Importantly, photoactive films incorporating different forms of optical and molecular ordering characteristics exhibit favorable morphologies by means of solvent vapor annealing. This work suggests that the new n-type organic semiconductor developed here is highly promising as a universal NFA that can be paired with various polymer donors with different optical and crystalline properties.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>