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Novel Mutations in CYP51B from Penicillium digitatum Involved in Prochloraz Resistance
Jinlong Wang,Jinhui Yu,Jing Liu,Yongze Yuan,Na Li,Muqing He,Ting Qi,Geng Hui,Li Xiong,Deli Liu 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.9
Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of themost serious postharvest diseases of citrus fruit, and it isubiquitous in all citrus growing regions in the world. Sterol14α-demethylase (CYP51) is one of the key enzymes of sterolbiosynthesis in the biological kingdom and a prime targetof antifungal drugs. Mutations in CYP51s have been foundto be correlated with resistance to azole fungicides in manyfungal species. To investigate the mechanism of resistance toprochloraz (PRC) in P. digitatum, the PRC sensitivity wasdetermined in vitro in this study to assess the sensitivity of78 P. digitatum isolates collected in Hubei province. Theresults showed that 25 isolates were prochloraz-resistant(PRC-R), including six high-resistant (HR) strains, twelvemedium-resistant (MR) and seven low-resistant (LR) strains. A sequence analysis showed no consistent point mutationsof PdCYP51A in the PRC-R strains, but four substitutionsof CYP51B were found, Q309H in LR strains, Y136H andQ309H in HR strains, and G459S and F506I in MR strains,which corresponded to the four sensitivity levels. Based onthe sequence alignment analysis and homology modelingfollowed by the molecular docking of the PdCYP51B protein,the potential correlation between the mutations and PRC resistance is proposed.
Jinlong Duan,Ke Chen,Yunxiang You,Renfeng Wang,Jinlong Li 대한조선학회 2018 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.10 No.6
The Three-dimensional (3-D) dynamical behaviors of a fluid-conveying pipe subjected to vortex-induced vibration are investigated with different internal flow velocity v. The values of the internal flow velocity are considered in both subcritical and supercritical regimes. During the study, the 3-D nonlinear equations are discretized by the Galerkin method and solved by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results indicate that for a constant internal flow velocity v in the subcritical regime, the peak Cross-flow (CF) amplitude increases firstly and then decrease accompanied by amplitude jumps with the increase of the external reduced velocity. While two response bands are observed in the In-line (IL) direction. For the dynamics in the lock-in condition, 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations are observed. A variety of CF and IL responses can be detected for different modes with the increase of v. For the cases studied in the supercritical regime, the dynamics shows a great diversity with that in the subcritical regime. Various dynamical responses, which include 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic as well as chaotic motions, are found while both CF and IL responses are coupled while v is beyond the critical value. Besides, the responses corresponding to different couples of m1 and m2 are obviously distinct from each other.
Duan, Jinlong,Chen, Ke,You, Yunxiang,Wang, Renfeng,Li, Jinlong The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2018 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.10 No.6
The Three-dimensional (3-D) dynamical behaviors of a fluid-conveying pipe subjected to vortex-induced vibration are investigated with different internal flow velocity ${\nu}$. The values of the internal flow velocity are considered in both subcritical and supercritical regimes. During the study, the 3-D nonlinear equations are discretized by the Galerkin method and solved by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results indicate that for a constant internal flow velocity ${\nu}$ in the subcritical regime, the peak Cross-flow (CF) amplitude increases firstly and then decrease accompanied by amplitude jumps with the increase of the external reduced velocity. While two response bands are observed in the In-line (IL) direction. For the dynamics in the lock-in condition, 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations are observed. A variety of CF and IL responses can be detected for different modes with the increase of ${\nu}$. For the cases studied in the supercritical regime, the dynamics shows a great diversity with that in the subcritical regime. Various dynamical responses, which include 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic as well as chaotic motions, are found while both CF and IL responses are coupled while ${\nu}$ is beyond the critical value. Besides, the responses corresponding to different couples of ${\mu}_1$ and ${\mu}_2$ are obviously distinct from each other.
Han, Hyojin,Li, Jun,Goldberg, Mitch,Wang, Pei,Li, Jinlong,Li, Zhenglong,Sohn, B.-J.,Li, Juan AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016 Monthly weather review Vol.144 No.10
<P>Accurate cloud detection is one of the most important factors in satellite data assimilation due to the uncertainties associated with cloud properties and their impacts on satellite-simulated radiances. To enhance the accuracy of cloud detection and improve radiance assimilation for tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts, measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on board the Aqua satellite and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) are collocated with high spatial resolution cloud products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board Aqua and the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite. The cloud-screened microwave radiance measurements are assimilated for Hurricane Sandy (2012) and Typhoon Haiyan (2013) forecasts using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR)-based Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system. Experiments are carried out to determine the optimal thresholds of cloud fraction (CF) for minimizing track and intensity forecast errors. The results indicate that the use of high spatial resolution cloud products can improve the accuracy of TC forecasts by better eliminating cloud-contaminated microwave sounder field-of-views (FOVs). In conclusion, the combination of advanced microwave sounders and collocated high spatial resolution imagers is able to improve the radiance assimilation and TC forecasts. The methodology used in this study can be applied to process data from other pairs of microwave sounders and imagers on board the same platform.</P>
Characterization of genes coding for galacturonosyltransferaselike (GATL) proteins in rice
Shaobo Li,Jinlong Liu,Mansi Luo,Xin Yan,Chao Yu 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.10
In the present study, seven galacturonosyltransferase- like (GATL) genes (OsGATLs) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were genome-widely identified and the chromosomal locations and the gene structures of which were characterized. Under normal condition, OsGATL2 and OsGATL3 are highly expressed in root, while OsGATL4 is highly expressed in stem and leaf. Many cis-elements related to stress response and plant hormone were found in the promoter sequence of each OsGATL. The expression patterns of these OsGATL genes under treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), drought and low temperature were assessed by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of most OsGATLs significantly increased following the treatments with drought or low temperature. In addition, physicochemical properties of OsGATLs and phylogenetic analysis with GATL from rice and several other species were performed. 3D structures and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of OsGATLs were further predicted by Swiss-model and STRING 9.0 database, respectively. The identification and bioinformatic analysis of GATL family in rice could provide reference data for further study on their biological functions, especially in the responsiveness to hormones and stress signaling.
Yao Li,Guoguang Cheng,Jinlong Lu,Hu Long 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.4
In this paper, in order to identify the formation mechanism of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions in steel, based on the two heats ofcommercial Ca-treated resulfurized steel, the characteristics of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions in bars, blooms and CaO-Al2O3oxides in molten steel were observed and analyzed. The results indicate that there are three types of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusionsin steel. The first type with over 20% Ca in (Ca,Mn)S is named as “Type-C”, the second with 4–20% Ca in (Ca,Mn)Sis named as “Type-MC” and the third with below 4% Ca in (Ca,Mn)S is named as “Type-M”. Their core oxides are mainlyCa-Mg–Al-O oxides. The aspect ratios of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions in bars decrease as Ca content in (Ca,Mn)S increases. From Type-M to Type-C, CaO content in core oxides increases, and Ca content in wrapping (Ca,Mn)S increases. The shapeof duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions can be controlled through controlling CaO content in core oxides. During solidification,CaO-Al2O3 oxides become as heterogeneous nucleation cores of MnS inclusions, duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions forming inthis way, and Ca in wrapping (Ca,Mn)S come from CaO in core oxides. The higher CaO content in core oxides, the higherCa content in wrapping (Ca,Mn)S. Under the condition with specific Ca/S ratio in steel, to obtain more duplex (Ca,Mn)Sinclusions, numbers of Type-C should be decreased, and numbers of Type-MC and Type-M should be increased. To achievethis goal, the key is to obtain larger numbers of CaO-Al2O3 oxides with lower CaO and smaller sizes in molten steel.