매몰지 조기 안정화를 위한 유용 미생물의 효과에 관한 연구

김현숙,박수정,정원화,이상섭,Kim, Hyun-Sook,Park, Sujung,Jheong, Weonhwa,Srinivasan, Sathiyaraj,Lee, Sang-Seob 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.4

In this study, we have evaluated the effect of efficient microorganisms on odor-removal efficiency and early stabilization of the burial sites. We have developed an efficient microorganism designated as 'KEM' which have the ability to degrade organic compounds and remove odor effectively. Other efficient microorganisms already used on site, such as EM and Bacillus sp., were also compared. We preceded these experiment using lab-scale reactors under three conditions (control, only media and only body) and comparing the effect of with or without the application of tree efficient microorganisms separately. Analysis was focused on eight components (ammonia, TMA, $H_2S$, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, $CO_2$ and $CH_4$), and as a result, efficient microorganisms were shown efficiency in the removal of ammonia and methyl mercaptan. The applied KEM decayed up to 71.2% of the buried meat. We were unable to observe significant differences in microbial communities between efficient microorganisms-treated and non-treated reactors due to the large presence of microorganisms in both soil and carcasses. However, it was possible to observe the effect on odor control and decay rate through the application of efficient microorganisms. 본 연구를 통해 유용 미생물을 적용하여 악취 저감 효과 및 조기 안정화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 유기물 분해능과 악취 제어능이 뛰어난 유용 미생물 KEM을 개발하고, 이미 현장에 사용 중인 EM과 바실러스를 각각 적용하였다. 랩 스케일의 매몰지 모형 반응기를 제작하여 유용 미생물을 각각 적용한 경우와 적용하지 않은 경우(미생물을 적용하지 않고 사체만 매몰한 경우, 배지만 적용한 경우, 사체만 적용한 경우)로 나누어 실험을 진행하였다. 주기적인 수분 공급을 해줌으로써 가축 사체의 분해속도가 빨라진 것을 확인하였고, 유용 미생물을 적용한 반응기의 사체분해속도가 대조군 보다 빠른 것을 확인하였다. 가스는 총 8개의 성분(암모니아, TMA, 황화수소, 메틸머캅탄, DMS, DMDS, $CO_2$, $CH_4$)을 중점적으로 분석하였으며, 그 결과 유용 미생물을 적용하였을 경우 암모니아와 메틸머캅탄에 대하여 악취 저감 효율을 보였다. 연구에 사용되었던 토양 내에 많은 토양 미생물과 가축 사체에도 많은 미생물들이 존재하고 있어, 유용 미생물을 투입하였을 때의 뚜렷한 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 그러나 일정 부분에 한하여 악취 저감 효과와 부패 속도를 증가시키는 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다.

Molecular Analysis of Matrix gene in Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea during 2015-2016

( Chanjin Woo ),( Seung-jun Wang ),( Jeonghwa Shin ),( Yongkwan Kim ),( Jae-ku Oem ),( Weonhwa Jheong ),( Jipseol Jeong ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2016 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1

Introduction: Avian influenza viruses(AIVs) have caused considerable damage to the poultry industry and they pose a major public health hazard worldwide [1]. To controlof influenza, the use of antiviral therapy increased over the last decade, which results in higher concentrations of these substances in the environment [2]. This may cause selection pressure on existing virus populations and as a consequence, resistant mutants would be developed and existed as a part of natural population in wildbirds [2, 3].This study was undertaken to screen nucleotide sequences of the matrix(M) sequence gene of AIVs from wildbirds to identify any changes that might be associated with antiviral drug resistance, especially adamantane. In this study, forty virus isolates from wildbirds during the winter season of 2015-2016 were sequenced and compared withpublished data set from NCBI database. Materials and Methods: Viral RNA was extracted from allantoic fluid using a Viral Gene-Spin™ kit (Intron Biotechnology, Korea). The M gene segment was amplified using segment-specific primers with a One Step RT-PCR premix kit (Qiagen, USA) [4]. The PCR products were purified using a Qiagen gel extraction kit (Qiagen, USA) and the products were sequenced directly (Macrogen, Korea) with an ABI 3730XL Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results: The forty viruses isolated from wild birds during the winter season of 2015-2016 have been confirmed different 14 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of the M gene showed that all isolates belonged to Eurasian lineage. Of these forty isolates, three isolates(7.5%) had V27I(two isolates)and S31N(one isolates) mutation known to reduce susceptibility to adamantane. In NCBI data set, contained 108 isolates from wild birdsin Korea from 2001 to 2015,three isolates(2.7%) carried V27I(two isolates) and S31N(one isolates, ) mutations. Comparison of the both data set showed that isolates identified in the winter season of 2015-2016 had higher proportion of mutants than those of NCBI sets, isolated in South Korea over past decade. Conclusion: It is uncertain whether these mutations are the result of natural variations in the AIVs orinduced by the selective pressure of antiviral drug. However,the detection of antiviral resistant mutants suggests importance of surveillance of AIVs in wild birds to understand the evolution of AIVs and to provide information about new emerged AIVs which might harmful to avians or humans. This research was funded by NIER. References [1]http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/web-portal-on-avian-influenza/ (2016) [2] Fick J., Lindberg R.H., Tysklind M., et al. (2007) Antiviral oseltamiviris not removed or degraded in normal sewage water treatments: Implication for Development of Resistance by Influenza A virus. PLos ONE 2. [3]Orozovic G., Orozovic K.,Lennerstand J., et al.(2011)Detection of resistance mutation to antivirals oseltamivir and zanamivir in avian influenza A viruses isolated from wild birds. PLos ONE 6(1): e16028. [4]Hoffmann, E., Stech, J., Guan, Y., et al.(2001)Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Archives of virology 146, 2275-2289.

Genetic Characteristics of Coronaviruses from Korean Bats in 2016

Lee, Saemi,Jo, Seong-Deok,Son, Kidong,An, Injung,Jeong, Jipseol,Wang, Seung-Jun,Kim, Yongkwan,Jheong, Weonhwa,Oem, Jae-Ku Springer-Verlag 2018 Microbial ecology Vol.75 No.1

<P>Bats have increasingly been recognized as the natural reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), coronavirus, and other coronaviruses found in mammals. However, little research has been conducted on bat coronaviruses in South Korea. In this study, bat samples (332 oral swabs, 245 fecal samples, 38 urine samples, and 57 bat carcasses) were collected at 33 natural bat habitat sites in South Korea. RT-PCR and sequencing were performed for specific coronavirus genes to identify the bat coronaviruses in different bat samples. Coronaviruses were detected in 2.7% (18/672) of the samples: 13 oral swabs from one species of the family Rhinolophidae, and four fecal samples and one carcass (intestine) from three species of the family Vespertiliodae. To determine the genetic relationships of the 18 sequences obtained in this study and previously known coronaviruses, the nucleotide sequences of a 392-nt region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene were analyzed phylogenetically. Thirteen sequences belonging to SARS-like betacoronaviruses showed the highest nucleotide identity (97.1-99.7%) with Bat-CoV-JTMC15 reported in China. The other five sequences were most similar to MERS-like betacoronaviruses. Four nucleotide sequences displayed the highest identity (94.1-95.1%) with Bat-CoV-HKU5 from Hong Kong. The one sequence from a carcass showed the highest nucleotide identity (99%) with Bat-CoV-SC2013 from China. These results suggest that careful surveillance of coronaviruses from bats should be continued, because animal and human infections may result from the genetic variants present in bat coronavirus reservoirs.</P>

항진균 세균과 난용성 인산염 가용화 효모의 혼합 배양액을 이용한 고추 병해의 생물학적 방제

이건웅,민병대,박수정,정원화,고은별,이귀재,채종찬,Lee, Gun Woong,Min, Byung-Dae,Park, Sujeong,Jheong, Weonhwa,Go, Eun Byeul,Lee, Kui-Jae,Chae, Jong-Chan 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.4

고추생장 촉진을 위해 병원균에 대한 방제력과 난용성 인산염에 대한 가용화 활성을 보이는 미생물 혼합배양액의 효과를 검증하였다. Saccharomyces sp. L13은 난용성 인산염에 대한 가용화 활성으로 분리되었으며 Bacillus sp. L32는 고추역병과 고추탄저병에 대한 길항력 활성으로 분리되었다. 특히 L32 균주는 대치배양법과 잎을 이용한 실증실험에서 모두 길항능력을 보였으며 시설재배를 이용한 실증실험에서도 병의 발병율을 저감시켰다. 두 균주의 혼합배양은 각 균주들의 생장율에 영향을 주지 않았으며 고추에 대한 혼합배양액 처리는 고추역병과 고추탄저병의 발병율을 저감시키는 동시에 난용성 인산염의 가용화를 통해 고추의 생장율을 증대시키는 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 결과는 두 균주의 혼합배양액이 작물재배를 위한 미생물제제로서 잠재적 효용성이 높다는 것을 제시한다. This study was to investigate beneficial effects of microbial mixture on red pepper which was capable of promoting plant growth by solubilizing insoluble phosphate as well as protecting plants from pathogenic attack. Saccharomyces sp. L13 was isolated for phosphate solubilizing activity on aluminium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium hydrophosphate, and magnesium hydrophosphate. On the other hand, Bacillus sp. L32 was isolated for antagonistic activity against Phytophthora capsisi and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, causing Phytophthora blight and Anthracnose disease in pepper, respectively. The strain L32 exhibited antagonistic activities both under dual culture assays and detached leaves assays. The each strain under the condition of mixed cultivation exhibited the same growth rates as one under pure cultivation. In greenhouse study, the mixed culture showed the both effect of plant growth promotion and reduction of disease symptom development against P. capsisi and C. gloeosporioides providing a potential as effective microbial agent for plant husbandry.

Minimizing an outbreak of avian botulism ( <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> type C) in Incheon, South Korea

SON, Kidong,KIM, Yong Kwan,WOO, Chanjin,WANG, Seung-Jun,KIM, Youngsik,OEM, Jae-Ku,JHEONG, Weonhwa,JEONG, Jipseol The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2018 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.80 No.3

<P>An outbreak of botulism occurred over a two-month period beginning July 20, 2016. In all, 697 wild birds were found paralyzed or dead at the Namdong reservoir and 11 Gong-gu. Using a mouse bioassay, type C botulinum toxin was identified in the bird serum, liquid cultures of soil samples, and maggot extracts. To minimize further infection of wild birds, we opened the floodgates of the Namdong reservoir adjacent to the Yellow Sea; this decreased the water temperature and the nutrient load such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The outbreak stopped shortly after taking these actions. It is not known if these efforts decreased the number of dead and diseased wild birds. Our study demonstrates one potential approach to minimize future botulism outbreaks among wild birds and their habitats.</P>

CA-CAS-01-A: A Permissive Cell Line for Isolation and Live Attenuated Vaccine Development Against African Swine Fever Virus

Lee Seung-Chul,Kim Yongkwan,Cha Ji-Won,Chathuranga Kiramage,Dodantenna Niranjan,Kwon Hyeok-Il,Kim Min Ho,Jheong Weonhwa,Yoon In-Joong,Lee Joo Young,Yoo Sung-Sik,Lee Jong-Soo 한국미생물학회 2024 The journal of microbiology Vol.62 No.2

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the highly lethal African swine fever disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars. In spite of the rapid spread of the virus worldwide, there is no licensed vaccine available. The lack of a suitable cell line for ASFV propagation hinders the development of a safe and effective vaccine. For ASFV propagation, primary swine macrophages and monocytes have been widely studied. However, obtaining these cells can be time-consuming and expensive, making them unsuitable for mass vaccine production. The goal of this study was to validate the suitability of novel CA-CAS-01-A (CAS-01) cells, which was identified as a highly permissive cell clone for ASFV replication in the MA-104 parental cell line for live attenuated vaccine development. Through a screening experiment, maximum ASFV replication was observed in the CAS-01 cell compared to other sub-clones of MA-104 with 14.89 and log10 7.5 ± 0.15 Ct value and TCID50/ ml value respectively. When CAS-01 cells are inoculated with ASFV, replication of ASFV was confirmed by Ct value for ASFV DNA, HAD50/ ml assay, TCID50/ ml assay, and cytopathic effects and hemadsoption were observed similar to those in primary porcine alveolar macrophages after 5th passage. Additionally, we demonstrated stable replication and adaptation of ASFV over the serial passage. These results suggest that CAS-01 cells will be a valuable and promising cell line for ASFV isolation, replication, and development of live attenuated vaccines.

Molecular prevalence and genotyping of <i>Chlamydia</i> spp. in wild birds from South Korea

JEONG, Jipseol,AN, Injung,OEM, Jae-Ku,WANG, Seung-Jun,KIM, Yongkwan,SHIN, Jeong-Hwa,WOO, Chanjin,KIM, Youngsik,JO, Seong-Deok,SON, Kidong,LEE, Saemi,JHEONG, Weonhwa JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 2017 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.79 No.7

<P>Wild birds are reservoirs for <I>Chlamydia</I> spp. Of the total 225 samples from wild birds during January to September 2016 in Korea, 4 (1.8%) and 2 (0.9%) showed positive for <I>Chlamydia psittaci</I> and <I>Chlamydia gallinacea</I>, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses and comparisons of sequence identities for outer-membrane protein A (<I>omp</I>A) revealed that Korean <I>C. psittaci</I> fall into three previously known genotypes; genotype E, 1V and 6N, whereas the Korean <I>C. gallinacea</I> were classified as new variants of <I>C. gallinacea.</I> Our study demonstrates that wild birds in South Korea carry at least two <I>Chlamydia</I> species: <I>C. psittaci</I> and <I>C. gallinacea</I>, and provides new information on the epidemiology of avian chlamydiosis in wild birds.</P>

Complete genome sequence of a novel avian paramyxovirus isolated from wild birds in South Korea

Jeong, Jipseol,Kim, Youngsik,An, Injung,Wang, Seung-Jun,Kim, Yongkwan,Lee, Hyun-Jeong,Choi, Kang-Seuk,Im, Se-Pyeong,Min, Wongi,Oem, Jae-Ku,Jheong, Weonhwa Springer Vienna 2018 Archives of virology Vol.163 No.1

<P>A novel avian paramyxovirus (APMV), Cheonsu1510, was isolated from wild bird feces in South Korea and serologically and genetically characterized. In hemagglutination inhibition tests, antiserum against Cheonsu1510 showed low reactivity with other APMVs and <I>vice versa</I>. The complete genome of Cheonsu1510 comprised 15,408 nucleotides, contained six open reading frames (3’-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5’), and showed low sequence identity to other APMVs (< 63%) and a unique genomic composition. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cheonsu1510 was related to but distinct from APMV-1, -9, and -15. These results suggest that Cheonsu1510 represents a new APMV serotype, APMV-17.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3588-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A (H5N8) virus in a grey heron in South Korea in 2017

Woo, Chanjin,Kwon, Jung-Hoon,Lee, Dong-Hun,Kim, Youngsik,Lee, Kwanghee,Jo, Seong-Deok,Son, Ki dong,Oem, Jae-Ku,Wang, Seung-Jun,Kim, Yongkwan,Shin, Jeonghwa,Song, Chang-Seon,Jheong, Weonhwa,Jeong, Jips Springer Vienna 2017 Archives of virology Vol.162 No.12

<P>We report the identification of a novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 virus from a dead grey heron in Korea in 2017. Outbreaks of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs have been reported worldwide, and they have evolved into multiple genotypes among wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this virus likely originated from Qinghai Lake and Western Siberia and further evolved through reassortment with Eurasian LPAI during the 2016 fall migration of wild birds. Enhanced surveillance and comparative genetic analysis will help to monitor the further evolution and dissemination of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3547-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>