Risk mitigation strategy by Passive IN-core Cooling system for advanced nuclear reactors

Seo, Seok Bin,Kim, In Guk,Kim, Kyung Mo,Jeong, Yeong Shin,Bang, In Cheol Elsevier 2018 Annals of nuclear energy Vol.111 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>After the Fukushima accident, the installation of passive safety systems for nuclear power plants becomes necessary as protection against external power failures. Recently, an innovative safety system was introduced by employing a hybrid heat-pipe concept asa Passive IN-core Cooling system (PINCs). The hybrid heat-pipe concept employs the combination of a control rod and a heat pipe to passively shutdown a reactor in an accident condition and simultaneously remove decay heat from the core. As a result, a PINCs can handle the entire accident sequence in a single system, leading to significant enhancement in nuclear reactor safety. In this study, the safety enhancement of various nuclear reactors has been quantitatively evaluated by using the probabilistic safety assessment method (PSA). PSA models of the APR1400, PGSFR, and SMART nuclear reactors developed in Korea, are developed, and a PINCs model has been applied to each reactor. The PSA model of the PINCs has been developed based on the systematic design and configuration of each reactor. In addition, postulated accident sequences where the PINCs operates have been developed in the PSA model. Finally, the consequence of each accident sequence has been quantitatively evaluated in the form of core damage frequency (CDF) and minimal cut set (MCS) for each nuclear reactor. Based on the PSA results, it is confirmed that the application of the PINCs effectively reduces the overall CDF of all nuclear reactors. In addition, the failure paths causing the core damage are restricted for APR1400 and PGSFR. In conclusion, the employment of the PINCs significantly improved the overall safety degrees of various nuclear reactors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PINCs combines a control rod and a heat pipe to enhance safety of advanced reactors. </LI> <LI> PSA models of advanced reactors are developed including PINCs. </LI> <LI> The consequences of the accident aided by PINCs are quantitatively evaluated. </LI> <LI> PINCs significantly reduces the overall CDFs of all nuclear reactors. </LI> </UL> </P>

내원시 저혈당이 당뇨병을 동반한 심근경색증 환자의 예후에 미치는 영향

김은정 ( Eun Jung Kim ),정명호 ( Myung Ho Jeong ),정인석 ( In Seok Jeong ),오상기 ( Sang Gi Oh ),김상형 ( Sang Hyung Kim ),안영근 ( Young Keun Ahn ),김주한 ( Ju Han Kim ),김영조 ( Young Jo Kim ),채성철 ( Shung Chull Chae ),홍택종 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회지 Vol.87 No.5

Methods: We analyzed 5,249 diabetic patients who enrolled in the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry from November 2005 to March 2013. The patients were divided into three groups according to their blood glucose level at admission; Group I:hypoglycemia (≤ 70 mg/dL), Group II: normoglycemia (70-140 mg/dL) and Group III: hyperglycemia (≥ 140 mg/dL). We assessed in-hospital mortality and the major adverse cardiac events based on blood glucose levels at admission. Results: The mean age was older in group I at 72.6 ± 11.0 years compared to 71.3 ± 10.7 in group II and 70.3 ± 11.1 in group III (p < 0.006). A total of 344 patients died during hospitalization. In-hospital mortality was higher in group I at 12.9%, compared to 5.2% in group II and 6.8% in group III (p < 0.006). Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that the independent predictors of 1-month mortality were age, Killip class III-IV, cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, cardiogenic shock, ventricular tachycardia, ejection fraction < 40% and hypoglycemia in admission. The mortality rate at 1 month was significantly higher in group I compared to group II (odds ratio [OR] 3.571; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.465-8.705, p = 0.005) compared to group II and group III (OR 4.088; 95% CI 1.757-9.511, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Hypoglycemia on admission was an important predictor of in-hospital and one-month mortality in AMI patients with diabetes mellitus. (Korean J Med 2014;87:565-573)

衛生昆蟲에 대한 無公害農藥(昆蟲發育沮害劑)의 殺蟲機作 및 應用技術開發硏究

金正和,李炯來,李仁煥,李容揆,崔鐘錫 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1993 農業科學硏究 Vol.10 No.2

In recently, much pesticides were used for control of agricultural and medical insects. The result of using pesticides were social problem because of environmental pollutions with pesticides in urban and farm village. The environmental pollutions were very serious. This experiment was conducted to eluciated of reduce to environmental pollution bring about using pesticides (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and insect growth regulators) for control of medical insects(house fly, Musca domestica L and mosquito, culex pipiens pallens copuillett) and carried out the method of pest control. And the result are summarized as follows. The Kyongbuk house fly strain treated with pyriproxyfen on third instar larvae were very high mortality and low emergence. When use it, at the same time, we can reduce degree of environ-mental pollution and house fly populations. Using of imidan was effective in Seoul and Chungnam house fly strains. In mosquito larvae, the efficacy of icon to chungbuk strain, propoxur to Chungnam and Chungbuk strain, imidan to Kyongbuk strain, fenthion to Chungnam strain were excellent. In result of spraying imidan and icon on adult mosquitoes, the efficacy of icon was excellent than imidan. In esterase electrophoresis, third instar larvae of Chungnam house fly strain fed on artificial diet mixed with pyriproxyfen LC50 were very high activity of -Est-αl in early stage(second day after third instar larvae fed on diet), and the activity of Est-αl was very strong in late stage(se-vents day after third instar larvae fed on diet). In Kyongbuk strain, -Est-αl and Est-αl were detected in early and late stage, and activities of and -Est-αl and Est-αl were detected almost equally in late stage. It was very characteristic in this experiment. Third instar larvae fed on diet mixed with pyriproxyfen LC95 were detected -Est-αl and Est-αl almost equally. It was believed moulting control in insects. In electrophoresis with head, thorax, abdomen of house fly adult, -Est-α2 -Est-αl, Est-αl, Est-α2, Est-α3 were detected in abdomen in susceptible strain and only -Est-αl, was net detected in thorax -Est-αl, was detected in head, thorax and abdomen of Chungbuk strain and -Est-αl was detected in head, -Est-α2 in thorax of same strain. Activities of chitinase in late instar larvae of house flies fed on artificial diet mixed with pyrip-roxyfen LC50 and LC95, in pyriproxyfen LC95, analysised low and high again with the lapse of time in Kyongbuk strain. This was believed that the activity of chitinase was became high just before emergence. The result of filter paper test with mosquitoes were very high index(265) of esterase activity in Chungnam strain among all mosquito strains. In this reason, we can suppose that used pyrip-roxyfen (IGR) in Chungnam area for control pest. In this reason, it was more reasonable made use of pyriproxyfen than other pesticide in Chungnam area.

생활체육 풋살 동호회 참여자의 진지한 여가 참여 과정에 대한 내러티브 연구

정석인 ( Jeong Seok-in ),최대혁 ( Choi Dai-hyuk ),안현균 ( Ahn Hyun-kyun ) 한국체육학회 2020 한국체육학회지 Vol.59 No.2

본 연구는 생활체육 풋살 동호회에 최소 4년 이상 참여하고 있으며 해당 종목에 보다 진지하고 개방적인 의사소통이 가능한 5명의 연구 참여자를 대상으로 진지한 여가 참여로 인해 발생하는 경험 및 과정을 고찰하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 생활체육 시작 동기, 풋살 동호회 전향 배경, 풋살 동호회에 진지하게 빠지게 되는 과정, 진지한 여가에 빠져들었을 때 개인에게 미치는 영향에 대하여 탐색하였다. 연구에 사용된 자료 분석 및 해석방법은 내러티브 탐구 절차로 이루어졌으며 자료의 분석 과정은 텍스트를 반복하여 읽어가며 참여자들의 진지한 여가 참여 경험을 총체적으로 이해함으로서 이야기를 구성하였다. 내러티브 자료를 면밀히 검토하면서 풋살 동호인들의 진지한 여가참여 입문 및 과정과 함께 그로인한 영향으로 보이는 특징들을 추출하였고, 이에 대한 의미를 크게 진지한 여가참여로의 입문기, 성숙기, 변환기로 나누어 구체적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 생활체육 풋살 동호회에 참여하고 있는 동호인이 어떠한 사유로 여가생활로서 생활체육동호회를 접하게 됐는지, 진지한 여가로서 풋살에 빠지는 이유는 무엇인지, 그로인한 영향에는 무엇이 있는지 알 수 있었다. 다양한 종목에 참여하고 있는 현대인들을 대상으로 진지한 여가참여과정에 대한 연구를 통해 현대인들의 긍정적인 여가선도를 이끌어낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study is a narrative study on the serious leisure participation process of participants in the Fut sal Society of Living Sports, which tells of their experiences in the process of serious leisure participation. In the process, We explored the motive for starting a life sport, the background of turning a fut sal club, the process of getting serious with a fut sal club, the obstruction of leisure activities participation, and how it affects individuals when they are into leisure seriously. Five study participants were selected who have at least three years of experience in the fut sal club to form sufficient intolerance and who could communicate more seriously and openly in foot sal based on their experience conducted in-depth interviews. The data analysis and interpretation methods used in the study consisted of narratives with reading the text over and over again and understanding generally the participants serious leisure participation experiences. The analysis process of the material was analyzed in detail by dividing the meaning of the material into the introductory period, maturity period, resolution period of the serious leisure participation. Through this study, we could find out why a person participating in a live sports fut sal club started a life sports club as a leisure, why he fell into foot sal as a serious leisure, and what the impact was. in future follow-up studies, studies with various methods should be conducted so that many foot sal lovers can enjoy it as a more healthy, positive and serious leisure.

기아시 버들치 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(Sauvage and Dabry)의 일부 영양조건에서의 효과 : 2. 체 절단면 계측형질의 변화 2. Characteristics of the Morphometric Changes in the Sectioned Body

박인석,임재현,정창화,노재구,김윤해,이영호 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

버들치 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(Sauvage and Dabry) 기아시의 영양 상태 평가를 위하여 비만도, 내장괴지수, dreessing 비를 비롯한 체 횡단 절단면에서의 형태적 변화를 조사였다. 9주간의 기아시 비만도, 내장괴지수 및 대부분의 체 횡단 절단면 계측 형질들에서의 감소를 보였다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 실험에 적용된 영양성 parameter는 본 종의 영양 상태 파악에 유용한 지표임을 시사한다. 연구 결과를 자세히 해석하여, 버들치에서의 주요 체 절단 형질의 산업성을 논의하였다. The effects of starvation on the morphometrical changes in sectioned body traits, condition factor, viscera index and dressing percentage were determined for evaluating nutritional conditions of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(Sauvage and Dabry). Starvation for nine weeks resulted in a decrease in most sectioned traits as well as in condition factor and viscera index(P<0.05). These findings suggest that nutritional parameters used in this study appear to be a useful index for nutritional status in this species. The data has been interpreted in detail and some important body sectioned values of interest to commercial growers discussed.

흰쥐 이자 Insulin과 Neuropeptide Y 분비세포의 발생에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

장인엽,박태우,정윤영,김종중,문정석,김영택,안계훈,김남훈,선희매 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.1

Cells immunoreactive to insulin(INS-IR) and neuropeptide Y(NPY-IR) were found in prenatal(E15, 17, 19) and postnatal(P0, 5, 10, 15, 30, adult) rat pancreas using immunohistochemistry. Pancreatic INS-IR and NPY-IR were detected by day E17. They were found initially in the interlobular pancreatic duct, intralobular pancreatic duct and pancreatic islet gradually. Especially, INS-IR was detected in the dorsal pancreatic bud by day E19. The INS-IR and NPY-IR patterns were nearly similiar to each other, and many cells revealed colocalization of INS and NPY until day P10. But there was a change between them by the day P15 ; central INS-IR cells and peripheral NPY-IR in the pancreatic islet. The number of pancreatic islets per square millimeter of pancreatic tissue were decreased, and the number of immunoreactive endocrine cells per islet was increased according to development. These results suggest NPY may play a role in the development of the pancreatic endocrine cells.

한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 (Ⅳ) : 우울장애의 아형 및 부작용에 따른 항우울제의 선택과 여성우울장애에서의 치료전략

전현태,이상열,김원,민경준,박원명,서정석,석정호,송해철,전덕인,홍진표,한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2006 연구그룹 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

Objectives : In 2002, the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major depressive Disorder (KMAP-MD) was published, but there has been a need for a guideline about detailed issues of depressive disorder. We revised KMAP-MDD andreestablished Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) in 2006. Methods : A questionnaire had been developed by the executive committee for KMAP-DD. The review committee consisted of 101 experienced psychiatrists. From the total of 22 questions in the questionnaire, 7 questions were evaluated for these subjects . We classified the expert opinions to 3 categories according to its confidence interval; first, second and third line. Results : SSRI and venlafaxine were the first line antidepressants (AD) for atypical and melancholic depression. For dysthymic disorder and minor depressive disorder, SSRI was recommended as the first line medications. Only AD medications was a preferred initial strategy for treating premenstrual dysphoric disorder, mild to moderate and severe non-psychotic postpartum depression. In severe psychotic postpartum depression, combination therapy of AD and atypical antipsychotics was the treatment of choice. SSRI was preferred when considering sedation, anticholinergic and cardiovascular adverse effects. Also, experts recommended mirtazapine against gastrointestinal adverse effects and bupropion in avoiding sexual dysfunction. Conclusion : These results suggest that clinicians have to consider both clinical situations and drug adverse effects in the choice of antidepressant medications.

법랑모세포 분화와 법랑질 형성과정에서 OD314, Apin protein의 발현 및 기능

박종태,최용석,김흥중,정문진,오현주,신인철,박주철,손호현 대한치과보존학회 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.6

본 연구에서는 법랑모세포 분화와 법랑질 형성에 연관이 있는 OD314 일명 Apin protein의 기능을 밝힐 목적으로, in-situ hybridization에 의한 OD314 mRNA 발현과 법랑모세포 세포주에서 OD314 enamel matrix protein의 발현, 그리고 OD314 유전자를 과발현/억제시킬 수 있는 construct를 제작한 후 법랑질 형성 중에 OD314의 기능을 알아보고자 RT-PCR를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. OD314 mRNA는 발생중인 상아모세포보다 법랑모세포에서 강하게 발현되었다. 2. Tuftelin은 석회화 결정이 형성되는 14일까지 발현이 지속되고, 그 이후부터 점차 감소하였다. Amelogenin과enamelin은 7일부터 그 발현이 점점 감소하였다. 3. U6-OD314 siRNA construct를 이용하여 transfection한 법랑모세포 세포주는 OD314와 tuftelin,MMP2 mRNA 발현이 감소하였으며, CM-OD314를 transfection하여 OD314의 과발현을 유도한 경우에는 OD314와 MMP20 mRNA의 발현이 뚜렷이 증대되었다. 이 결과는 OD314가 법랑모세포의 분화와 법랑질의 형성 그리고 석회화 과정에 중요한 역할을 하는 새로운 인자임을 시사한다. This study was aimed to elucidate the biological function of OD314 (Apin protein), which is related to ameloblast differentiation and amelogenesis. Apin protein, calcifying epithelial odontogenic (pindborg) tumors (CEOTs)-associated amyloid, were isolated from CEOTs, and has similar nucleotide sequences to OD314. We examined expression of the OD314 mRNA using in-situ hybridization during tooth development in mice. Expression of OD314 and several enamel matrix proteins were examined in the cultured ameloblast cell line up to 28 days by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. After inactivation and over-expression of the OD314 gene in ameloblast cell lines using U6 vector-driven RNA interference and CMV-OD314 construct, RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the effect of the OD314 during amelogenesis. The results were as follows: 1. In in-situ hybridization, OD314 mRNAs were more strongly expressed in ameloblast than odontoblast. 2. When ameloblast cells were cultured in the differentiation and mineralization medium for 28 days, the tuftelin mRNA expression was maintained from the beginning to day 14, and then gradually decreased to day 28. The expressions of amelogenin and enamelin were gradually decreased according to the ameloblast differentiation. 3. Inactivation of OD314 by U6-OD314 siRNA construct down-regulated the expression of OD314, MMP-20, and tuftelin, whereas over-expression of OD314 by CMV-OD314 construct up-regulated the expression of OD314 and MMP-20 without change in tuftelin. These results suggest that OD314 is considered as an ameloblast-enriched gene and may play the important roles in ameloblast differentiation and mineralization.

안정기 양극성 장애환자의 얼굴자극에 대한 주의력 유지과제에서의 결핍 특성

황성식,전덕인,조현상,김세주,박진영,전재영,석정호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.3

Objectives : Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder have been reported to show deficits in sustained attention. This study aimed to compare the attention capacities of euthymic bipolar patients with those of control subjects using the sustained att-ention to response task (SART) and to examine the differences in the performance of SART related to the type of the stimulus. Methods : The four SART tasks were performed to measure attention capacities in 42 euthymic patients with bipolar dis-order and 28 control subjects. Happy, neutral, fearful faces and digit '3' were used as target stimuli in happy, neutral, fear and digit task conditions, respectively. The seventy of mood symptoms was assessed with 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for De-pressive symptoms and Young Mania Rating Scale for manic symptoms. The efficiency estimate which reflects both the res-ponse accuracy and speed was used as the main outcome variable. Results : Bipolar patients showed significantly lower correct response rate than control group in all task conditions. Effi-ciency estimates of the bipolar patient group were significantly lower than those of the control group in the SART using facial stimuli, but not in the digit task condition. There was no significant difference in task performances related to the emotional categories of facial stimuli. Conclusion : Bipolar patients showed deficits in sustained attention even in the euthymic state. The attention deficits shownin the euthymic bipolar patients may be prominent in a more complex task condition with stimuli such as facial stimuli.

관상동맥 스텐트 시술 후의 재협착에 관한 연구

김윤철,이정우,김보영,강정아,임대승,이민수,김정희,성보영,최성준,성인환,전은석 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.1

Coronary stent implacement is known as an effective treatment in the intimal dissection after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and the prevention of restenosis. However, In-stent restenosis still remains a major concern in clinical stenting. The stents were placed in 103 patients from July 1996 to March 1999 and performed follow-up coronary angiograms in 59(57.3%) patients. To identify the clinical, angiographic and procedurerelated variables 'which predict late restenosis within the stented artery, 59 patients(58.3±9.9, M:F= 41:18) were studied. The clinical characteristics of the patients were stable angina in 23(39.0%), unstable angina in 14(23.7%), acute myocardial infarction in 21(35.6%) and old myocardial infarction in 1(1.7%). Coronary stenting was performed in 1 patient(1.7%) for primary lesion, 50 patients(84.7%) for suboptimal results after PTCA, 6 patients(10.2%) for bail-out procedure, and 2 patients(3.4%) for restenotic lesions. All patients were treated with aspirin and ticlopidinc. The follow-up angiograms were obtained at 7±4 months. The overall in-stent restenosis rate was 27.1%. The coronary angiographic findings were 32 single vessel(54.2%), 19 two vessel(32.2%) and 8 three vessel disease(13.6%). The angiographic morphological characteristics were type A in 33(55.9%), type B in 14(23.7%), type C in 12(20. 3%) cases. Variables of 16 patients with restenosis were compared with those of 43 patients without restenosis. Previously known predictors for in-stent restenosis were multiple stenting, stenting for restenotic lesions, residual stenosis after stenting, stenting for total occlusion lesions, reference diameter, balloon to vessel ratio, acute gain and minimal luminal diameter after procedure, design and characteristics of stents, ostial lesion of aorta, high pressure method for stenting, lesion length, diabetes mellitus, size of artheroma, saphenous vein grafts, ulcerlating lesions and calcified lesions. In this study, Reference diameter before stenting(2.43±0.54mm vs. 2.88±0.65mm, p=0.016) and balloon-to-artery ratio(1.28±0.26 vs. 1.11±0.18, p=0.006) were predictors for in-stent restenosis. 1) The overall in-stent restenosis rate was 27.1%. 2) In the analysis of predictors for in-stent restenosis, there was no significant differences in clinical, angiographic factors between group with restenosis and without restenosis. But, Only reference diameter before stenting and balloon-toartery ratio were predictors of late in-stent restenosis. In conclusion, stenting is effective revascularisation method for selected patients with ischemic heart disease, and to minimize in-stent restenosis rate, stent implanting is achieved in a large vessel on the basis of an artery-to-stnet ration of 1:1, if possible.