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( Jeongmin Hong ),( Ok Jeom Jang ),( Mi Hui Bak ),( Eun Hwa Baek ),( Ki-ho Park ),( Sun In Hong ),( Oh-hyun Cho ),( In-gyu Bae ) 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.5
Background/Aims: We evaluated the effects of a multifaceted intervention for controlling a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) epidemic in an intensive care unit (ICU) with no restrictions on carbapenem use. Methods: This study was conducted in a medical ICU between April 2012 and June 2016. The baseline infection control programs included surveillance cultures, contact precautions, and environmental cleaning. However, increases in the detection of CRAB isolates beginning in May 2013 led to the implementation of a new protocol, consisting of universal glove and gown use with daily chlorhexidine bathing for all patients in combination with baseline programs. The efficacy of the intervention was subjected to interrupted time series (ITS) analysis. Results: The multifaceted intervention led to a decrease in the incidence of CRAB from 17.65 to 0.89 cases per 1,000 patient-days, during the study period (p < 0.001). ITS analysis revealed a significant change in the trend of CRAB incidence (-0.413, p < 0.001). Over this same period, mean monthly use of carbapenems increased from 143.54 ± 95.73 to 204.95 ± 78.43 doses per 1,000 patient-days (p = 0.018). Conclusions: Our multifaceted intervention reduced the incidence of CRAB acquisition in an ICU where carbapenem use was not restricted.
Do, Jeong Yeon,Son, Namgyu,Park, No-Kuk,Kwak, Byeong Sub,Baek, Jeom-In,Ryu, Ho-Jung,Kang, Misook Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.219 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study focused on Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Mg<SUB>1-x</SUB>Fe<SUB>y</SUB>Al<SUB>2-y</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> oxygen carriers for application in the chemical looping combustion of methane. Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Mg<SUB>1-x</SUB>Fe<SUB>y</SUB>Al<SUB>2-y</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> was fabricated by simultaneously substituting Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> and Al<SUP>3+</SUP> with Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> in the spinel structure of MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. As a result, a great synergistic effect was observed: Cu<SUB>0.75</SUB>Mg<SUB>0.25</SUB>Fe<SUB>1.5</SUB>Al<SUB>0.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> exhibited 7.85% oxygen transfer capacity in the CH<SUB>4</SUB>-CO<SUB>2</SUB>/air redox system. Methane and carbon monoxide were significantly adsorbed on the surface of the Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Mg<SUB>1-x</SUB>Fe<SUB>y</SUB>Al<SUB>2-y</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> particles. Cyclic voltammetry studies predicted the active lifetime of the oxygen carrier, which had not been reported until now. Cu<SUB>0.75</SUB>Mg<SUB>0.25</SUB>Fe<SUB>1.5</SUB>Al<SUB>0.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> was expected to exhibit the greatest oxygen transfer capacity after 300 redox cycles and maintain an oxygen transfer efficiency of 92% until the 1000th redox cycle in the H<SUB>2</SUB>-N<SUB>2</SUB>/air redox system. This study concluded that the active metal species, containing Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> ions, were stably anchored in the spinel structure; this led to the reversible formation of oxygen vacancies in the spinel structure, resulting in an excellent oxygen transfer capacity that could be maintained for a long time.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Mg<SUB>1-x</SUB>Fe<SUB>y</SUB>Al<SUB>2-y</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> spinel structured oxygen carriers were successfully prepared. </LI> <LI> Reversible oxygen vacancies were observed in a Cu<SUB>x</SUB>Mg<SUB>1-x</SUB>Fe<SUB>y</SUB>Al<SUB>2-y</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> spinel structure. </LI> <LI> CH<SUB>4</SUB> and CO gases were much adsorbed on the surface of Cu<SUB>0.75</SUB>Mg<SUB>0.25</SUB>Fe<SUB>1.5</SUB>Al<SUB>0.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> spinel particle. </LI> <LI> The greatest oxygen transfer in Cu<SUB>0.75</SUB>Mg<SUB>0.25</SUB>Fe<SUB>1.5</SUB>Al<SUB>0.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> particle was obtained. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Reliable oxygen transfer in MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> spinel through the reversible formation of oxygen vacancies by Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>/Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> anchoring.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Bae, Yeon-Ji,Lee, Seung-Baek,Min, Keong-Cheol,Mo, Jong-Suk,Jeon, Eun-Ok,Koo, Bon-Sang,Kwon, Hyeok-Il,Choi, Young Ki,Kim, Jeom-Joo,Kim, Jong-Nyeo,Mo, In-Pil American Association of Avian Pathologists [etc.] 2015 Avian diseases Vol.59 No.1
<P>Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H5N8, were observed in two different flocks of local broiler breeder farms and a commercial layer farm in South Korea. Clinically, the cases were characterized by a gradual increase in mortality, slow transmission, and unrecognizable clinical signs of HPAI. Gross observations in both cases included hemorrhagic or necrotic lesions in internal organs, such as serosal and mucosal membranes, spleen, and pancreas. Both cases exhibited similar histopathologic lesions, including multifocal malacia in the brain and multifocal or diffuse necrosis in the spleen and pancreas. Immunohistochemical results indicated that neurons and glial cells in the brain, myocytes in the heart, acinar cells in the pancreas, and mononuclear phagocytic cells in several visceral organs were immunopositive for avian influenza viral antigen. To experimentally reproduce the low pathogenicity and the mortality observed in these two cases, 18 specific-pathogen-free chickens and 18 commercial layers were divided into an H5N8 virus-inoculated group and a contact-exposed group. The mortality of the chickens in the inoculation group was 50%-100%, whereas the mean time to death was delayed or death did not occur in the contact-exposed group. The distributions of the viral antigens and histopathologic lesions in the experimental study were similar to those observed in the field cases. These findings suggest that the H5N8 virus induces a different pattern of pathobiology, including slow transmission and low mortality, compared with that of other HPAI viruses. This is the first pathologic description of natural cases of H5N8 in South Korea, and it may be helpful in understanding the pathobiology of novel H5N8 HPAI viruses.</P>
Sub Kwak, Byeong,Park, No-Kuk,Ryu, Ho-Jung,Baek, Jeom-In,Kang, Misook Elsevier 2018 Applied Thermal Engineering Vol.128 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Transition metal oxides like Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>, NiO, and CuO have mainly been used in the chemical-looping combustion (CLC) reaction as oxygen carrier particles because of their outstanding performances due to high reduction potential. However, monometal oxides have a serious problem of rapid deactivation due to agglomeration between each particle after several redox cycles. In order to solve this problem, bimetal oxides based on Mn, which undergoes no deactivation, were synthesized. Mn-based bimetal oxygen carrier particles Fea-Mnb-Ox, Coa-Mnb-Ox, Nia-Mnb-Ox, and Cua-Mnb-Ox were synthesized by using a sol–gel method. The range of a and b in the particle label obtained in this study is 0.5–2.5, depending on the metal content added. The chemical and physical properties of the prepared particles were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), CH<SUB>4</SUB>-/CO-temperature programmed desorption, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD results showed that the prepared particles comprised two- or three-phase mixed metal oxides. The Fe2.0-Mn1.0-Ox particle was in the phases of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>Mn<SUB>1</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and Fe<SUB>20.16</SUB>Mn<SUB>11.84</SUB>O<SUB>48</SUB>, respectively, and the Co2.0-Mn1.0-Ox particle had the phase of Co<SUB>2</SUB>Mn<SUB>1</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. In addition, Ni2.0-Mn1.0-Ox particle has NiO and Ni<SUB>1</SUB>Mn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> phases, and Cu2.0-Mn1.0-Ox particle exist in the phases of CuO, Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O and Cu<SUB>1</SUB>Mn<SUB>1</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, respectively. The distributions of added elements on the particles were observed from the SEM mapping results. The oxygen carrier capacities of the particles were tested by isothermal H<SUB>2</SUB>/air and CH<SUB>4</SUB>/air redox cycle experiments using TGA at 850°C. The improved results obtained in this study revealed that the Cu2.0-Mn1.0-Ox particle was an enhanced bimetal oxide oxygen carrier for CLC under CH<SUB>4</SUB>/air conditions. In particular, among the synthesized particles, the Cu2.0-Mn1.0-Ox particle stably showed 16.7wt% oxygen transfer capacity over 10 redox cycle under CH<SUB>4</SUB>/air at 850°C.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Redox performance for Ma-Mnb-Ox (M=Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) investigated in detail. </LI> <LI> The highest redox performance (16.7wt%) was observed for Cu2.0-Mg1.0-Ox. </LI> <LI> The Cu2.0-Mn1.0-Ox sample was stable up to 10 reaction cycles. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Redox reaction on the Cua-Mnb-Ox for the chemical looping combustion.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>