Energy-efficient selection of cluster headers in wireless sensor networks

Jemal, Adem Fanos,Hussen, Redwan Hassen,Kim, Do-Yun,Li, Zhetao,Pei, Tingrui,Choi, Young-June Taylor & Francis 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWOR Vol.14 No.3

The recent advances in adsorption and membrane separation and their hybrid technologies for micropollutants removal from wastewater

Jemal Fito Nure,Thabo T.I. Nkambule 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.126 No.-

In modern society, the bulk production of new chemicals, huge consumption, and the discharge ofmicropollutants into the environment are unavoidable events. Practically, wastewater treatment plantsare the main dissemination channel of micropollutants due to their inefficient performances but theyare intended to upgrade to 80% removal. Typically, adsorption and membrane separations are effectivein removing micropollutants but significantly varied in efficiency from 0–100%. Hence, the scientific communityis searching for alternative water treatment technologies. Consequently, adsorption-membranehybrid technologies have been emerging as promising solutions to mitigate the limitations of individualtechnology. This hybrid system improved many properties such as hydrophilicity, antifouling property,permeability, regeneration slurry separation, and overall performance due to the synergetic effect. Moreover, the hybrid system was further improved through the use of magnetic carbon nanocomposites(MCN) and modified membranes. In general, the performances of hybrid technologies ranged from 60-100% but the application of MCN with high-pressure driven membranes demonstrated nearly completeremoval. On the other hand, the industrial application of hybrid technology is still limited at the earlystage of development. Moreover, the hybrid system required thorough investigations in terms of performanceand system configuration for practical application in the future. Hence, this review paper focusedon thorough evaluations of the synthesis, characterization, mechanisms, and performances of pristineadsorption and membrane separation. Then, it explores the potential performance of hybrid technologiesand anticipates practical applications at full scale. Finally, concluding remarks and the future perspectivesof the technologies are highlighted. In general, the study indicated the perspective of micropollutantsmanagement through membrane-adsorption hybrid technology as a potential candidate for pollutioncontrolling and water sustainability. Such a hybrid system is a promising research area in the future ofthe water industry.

Secured Communication Scheme for SCADA in Smart Grid Environment

Jemal Abawajy,Rosslin John Roble 보안공학연구지원센터(JSE) 2010 보안공학연구논문지 Vol.7 No.6

Supervisory Control and DataAcquisition systems is a computer system for gathering and analyzing real time data. SCADA systems can be relatively simple, such as one that monitors environmental conditions of a small office building, or incredibly complex, such as a system that monitors all the activity in a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water system. SCADA systems are basically Process Control Systems, designed to automate systems such as traffic control, power grid management, waste processing etc. Connecting SCADA to the Internet can provide a lot of advantages in terms of control, data viewing and generation. SCADA infrastructures like electricity can also be a part of a Smart Grid. Connecting SCADA to a public network can bring a lot of security issues. In this paper, we propose a SCADA communication security solution utilizing the CC Scheme.

연구보문 : 사회과학; 한국의 새마을 운동은 에티오피아 농촌개발을 위한 모델이 될 수 있는가?

( Jemal Abafita ),( Fikadu Mitiku ),( Kyung Ryang Kim ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2013 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

Korea`s integrated rural development model, which was mainly implemented through community-based development initiative known as Saemaul Ungong (SMU), has been largely successful in bringing about an unprecedented success in the transformation of the country`s rural areas and the overall economy. Ethiopia, on the other hand, has been implementing various development programs that have set agricultural and rural development as priority since early 1990s. Even though there has been significant progress in the last decade, as a result, the country is still far from achieving the level of transformation envisaged in these programs. To this end, there are crucial lessons to draw from successful rural development models such as Saemaul Undong. The paper has examined the factors underlying the success of such a development approach along with a review of the rural development situation in Ethiopia. Given the high priority accorded to the Ethiopian agricultural and rural sector, and the largely similar enabling conditions in Ethiopia now and Korea back in the 1970s, the paper argues that Ethiopia`s rural development program, could be made to work better if the ideals of SMU can be carefully adapted to the existing gaps in the current programs. In particular, the paper has highlighted that the factors that have been key for the success of SMU in Korea such as land reform; social ties among villagers; strong institutional support; strong leadership and political commitment on the part of government; and promotion of ownership and empowerment of rural communities could be judiciously incorporated into the Ethiopian rural development strategies to attain similar results. Restructuring of the existing rural infrastructural programs and incentive system in favor of these programs and introduction of a piloting schemes in selected villages are required as a precondition to achieve such results.

DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN RURAL ETHIOPIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

( Jemal Abafita ),( Kyung Ryang Kim ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2014 농촌경제 Vol.37 No.2

Food insecurity and malnutrition present key policy challenges in Ethiopia. This paper examined the determinants of food security among rural households in Ethiopia using data from the latest round of Ethiopian Rural Household Survey. Two measures of household food security (a self-reported food security status and a multidimensional index generated based on principal components analysis - PCA) were used. OLS regressions were first run to identify important determinants based on the two measures, disregarding endogeneity problems. Then Instrumental Variable (IV) estimation was carried out to account for endogeneity issues. The results revealed that age and education of household head, adequacy of rainfall, livestock possession, participation in off-farm activities, soil conservation practices and per capita consumption expenditure were strongly and positively related to household food security; while access to credit and remittance had a negative influence. Accordingly, the study suggests that a judicious combination of interventions that enhance income diversification opportunities in rural areas through promoting off-farm activities, education, training and extension services, and improving livestock productivity could help enhance household food security. Provision of awareness creation on better and productive utilization of such resources as credit should also be emphasized in rural areas.

Revisit to Ethiopian traditional barley-based food

Jemal Mohammed,Semeneh Seleshi,Fetene Nega,Mooha Lee 한국식품연구원 2016 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.3 No.2

Barley is the number one food crop in the highland parts of North Eastern Ethiopia produced by subsistence farmers grown as landraces. Barley producers in Ethiopia have given it the name gebs ye ehil nigus, which means barley is the king of crops, due to its suitability for preparing many of the known Ethiopians traditional dishes. Various barley foods and drinks play an important role in the socioeconomic and cultural life of Ethiopians, but detailed descriptions related to their preparation and their socioeconomic and cultural roles are not well-recorded and documented like most of the Ethiopian cultural foods. Foods such as ingera, kita, dabo, kolo, genfo, beso, chuko, shamet, tihlo, kinch, and shorba are the most commonly known traditional Ethiopian barley-based foods. These products are prepared from either roasted whole grain, raw and roasted-milled grain, or cracked grain as main, side, ceremonial, and recuperating dishes. The various barley-based traditional foods have perceived qualities and health benefits by the consumers. For example, genfo is served to breast-feeding mothers with the belief that it enhances breast milk production and serves as a good substitute for breast milk. Beso is claimed to be a remedy for gastritis, while genfo and kinche are used to heal broken bones and fractures. Considering the Western consumers' trend on functional foods and health benefits of barley, Ethiopian traditional barley-based foods are worth studying as functional foods, which can be appealing to Western consumers.

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Associated Factors Among Women in Perinatal Period

Seid Jemal,Mohammed Emam,Aman Bilal Mohammed,Hassen Hassen Yimer 대한수면학회 2023 sleep medicine research Vol.14 No.1

Background and Objective Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is an important public health issue requiring adequate screening and management to avoid such harmful consequences. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of EDS in the perinatal period.Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out in selected public health institutions of Ethiopia on systematic selected 362 women during perinatal period. We used a validated Epworth daytime sleepiness tool to collect data. Epi-Info^TM 7 and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors.Results The prevalence of EDS was 16.6% (95% CI: 12.6–20.7). Excessive pregnancy-related concern (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.232, 95% CI: 0.087–0.621), having depression symptoms (AOR = 8.045, 95% CI: 3.375–19.174), anxiety symptoms (AOR = 4.905, 95% CI: 2.083– 11.550) and having a chronic medical illness (AOR = 5.441, 95% CI: 2.273–13.021) were the factors associated with EDS.Conclusions The results of the current study suggested that perinatal EDS among women in northern part of Ethiopia is a highly prevalent and associated with excessive pregnancy concern, depression, anxiety, and medical illness.

Agricultural Development in Myanmar: Lessons from Korean Experience

Kim Kyung-Ryang,Jemal Abafita 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

미얀마는 생태적 다양성과 함께 풍부한 수량, 비옥한 토질 등 양질의 농업환경을 갖고 있다. 1960년대 동남아의 최대 쌀 수출국이었던 미얀마가 농업 후진국으로 전락한 것은 농업에 대한 열악한 투자와 자본과 기술의 부족으로 농업의 기계화나 비료 사용이 극히 제한되어 농업생산성이 떨어졌기 때문이다. 이에 본 논문은 미얀마 농업분야의 현 상황을 검토한 후 한국의 발전과정에서 도출한 경험을 바탕으로 미얀마의 농업개발을 위한 제안을 목적으로 한다. 현재 미얀마의 농업과 농촌발전을 저해하는 제약요소들은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 높은 생산비용에 비해 낮은 품질의 농산품, 낮은 생산성, 농업인프라의 부족 등 농업생산분야에서 한계를 보이고 있다. 둘째, 불안정한 수급에 의해 농산물가격의 급격한 변동 및 저장시설부족으로 인한 농산물마케팅에 문제점가 있다. 셋째, 농업 연구 및 지도 관련기관 직원들의 기술 및 지식수준이 매우 낮으며, 낙후된 시설과 장비부족 등으로 농민들에게 제한적인 농업기술 교육 및 훈련을 제공하고 있다. 넷째, 농촌경제의 활성화를 위해 설립한 금융시스템이 설립 당시 역할을 제대로 수행하지 못하고 있으며, 실효성이 매우 떨어진다. 다섯째, 정부내 연구 및 지도기관간의 유기적 협력이 이루어지질 않아 농업연구결과가 현장에 연결되는데 어려움이 나타나고 있다. 미얀마의 농업발전을 위해 한국의 경험을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 한국의 경우 미얀마의 현재보다 더욱 열악한 환경속에서도 1960년대부터 녹색혁명과 백색혁명 및 새마을운동을 통한 복합적인 농업개발을 통하여 농업분야를 포함한 성공적인 경제발전을 이룩하였다. 한국의 경험으로부터 미얀마의 농업개발을 위해 제시되는 중요한 교훈은 시대환경과 흐름에 맞게 농업정책이 조정되었다는 것이다. 한국의 발전경험을 중심으로 미얀마의 농업발전을 위한 교훈은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농업의 생산성을 제고시켜야 한다. 농업용수 개발 및 관개시설의 개선사업을 통해 생산성을 향상시키고, 전문기관을 신설 또는 조정하여 연구와 농촌지도를 통해 생산현장에 새로운 기술을 전파함으로써 생산성을 증가시킨다. 둘째, 농촌지역을 활력화 시킨다. 농촌인프라를 개선하고, 농촌금융을 선진화하며, 새마을운동을 통한 정신계몽을 추진하는 등 농촌지역을 활력화 시킨다. 셋째, 농산물 도매시장과 농산물의 가공저장시설의 건설 및 유기적인 유통체계를 구축하여 농산물유통체계를 개선한다. Myanmar is endowed with vast natural resources. However, its performance in terms of economic development in general and agricultural development in particular has not been satisfactory. This paper reviews the current situation of Myanmar’s agriculture and rural development to draw lessons from the Korean experience and provide policy recommendations for Myanmar’s future direction. Myanmar’s agricultural and rural sector faces a number of constraints that need to be tackled. The major ones include: the unnecessarily high cost of production, unsatisfactory profits due to low productivity and poor quality of products, the increasing population and living costs, inadequate pricing policies both for agricultural inputs and products, low investment in agricultural research and development, inadequate human resource development, weak linkages in agricultural research and extension, inadequate access to agricultural credit, and lack of basic physical infrastructure. Moreover, lack of access to adequate high-quality seed and scarcity of farm infrastructure has been identified as notable impediments to the development of the agricultural sector. Other issues like lack of a well-established system for stabilizing price fluctuations in agricultural products and of marketing information, rural financial markets, coordination and cooperation among line ministries involved in agriculture and rural development activities also deserve a closer look for improvements. It is, therefore, imperative to share the Korean experience of agricultural and rural development. Accordingly, fine-tuning policies to changing economic conditions over time; finding a good mix of policies based on pressing needs and changing circumstances; setting-up appropriate institutions and policy context; empowering local community in rural development activities; and sharing the experience of the New Village Movement (Saemaul Undong) could be key lessons to draw from the Korean experience. Specific recommendations for Myanmar’s agricultural and rural development have also been forwarded based on the Korean experience.

Price Transmission in Ethiopia's Coffee Value Chain

김경량,Jemal Abafita 한국농업경제학회 2014 農業經濟硏究 Vol.55 No.4

Coffee has been and still remains the leading cash crop and exportcommodity of Ethiopia. In this study, we reviewed the coffee marketing andsupply chain with the purpose of analyzing the pattern of price transmissionbetween world price and producer prices. An Error Correction Model(ECM)was employed to analyze the pattern of price transmission between worldprice and producer prices focusing on both the long-run and short-runadjustments. Data on producer and world coffee prices from 1998/99-2011/12were used for the analysis. The results revealed that the long-run relationshipbetween world and domestic (producer) prices was significant implying thatEthiopian coffee market is well integrated into the international market. Wealso found that the Granger causality runs from producers to the globalmarkets and not the reverse. This implies that prices are determined at thefarm-gate and are then passed on to the export market. Furthermore, theshort-term price transmission dynamics was found to be asymmetric withregard to adjustments towards the long-run equilibrium.

Price Transmission in Ethiopia`s Coffee Value Chain

( Kyung Ryang Kim ),( Jemal Abafita ) 한국농업경제학회 2014 農業經濟硏究 Vol.55 No.3

Coffee has been and still remains the leading cash crop and export commodity of Ethiopia. In this study, we reviewed the coffee marketing and supply chain with the purpose of analyzing the pattern of price transmission between world price and producer prices. An Error Correction Model (ECM) was employed to analyze the pattern of price transmission between world price and producer prices focusing on both the long-run and short-run adjustments. Data on producer and world coffee prices from 1998/99.2011/12 were used for the analysis. The results revealed that the long-run relationship between world and domestic (producer) prices was significant implying that Ethiopian coffee market is well integrated into the international market. We also found that the Granger causality runs from producers to the global markets and not the reverse. This implies that prices are determined at the farm-gate and are then passed on to the export market. Furthermore, the short-term price transmission dynamics was found to be asymmetric with regard to adjustments towards the long-run equilibrium.