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윤제원(Je-Won Yoon),김영찬(Young-Chan Kim),김금모(Keum-Mo Kim),장강석(Kang-Seok Jang),구본성(Bon-Sung Ku),엄주용(Joo-Yong Eom) 한국소음진동공학회 2011 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
The purpose of this study is to develop an air-passing soundproofing panel with more improved structure to reduce the CO2 emission and installation cost. To reduce the emission of CO2 ; it is suggested to choose low CO2 emission material relative to the aluminum and to reduce the materials by developing a specially designed air-passing soundproofing panel structure. First of all, we performed the flow analysis to predict the wind pressure according to the open angle of the air-passing soundproofing panel and the noise level analysis at the receiver point. To verify the simulation, a prototype of the soundproofing panel was made. The flow test in the wind tunnel and load test were performed. The economic evaluation for the installation of the air-passing soundproofing panel was performed and specifications of the installation was prepared. As the results of this research, it was verified that the wind load was reduced about 40% to that of the conventional one at 25m/s wind speed in the wind tunnel test. By applying the 4m span soundproofing wall with air-passing soundproofing panel and under the cost of 250 thousand won/m2 instead of the conventional 2m span panel, the installation cost will always be lowered than the conventional one in the combination of (60:40~50:50) conventional to air-passing soundproofing panel from the economic evaluation. The 20% reduction of CO2 was found by changing the 50% of aluminum soundproof panel to air-passing soundproofing panel.
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우리나라 노인여성의 골다공증성 척추골절로 인한 경제적 부담 추계
강혜영,강대룡,장영화,박성은,최원정,문성환,양규현,Kang, Hye-Young,Kang, Dae-Ryong,Jang, Young-Hwa,Park, Sung-Eun,Choi, Won-Jung,Moon, Seong-Hwan,Yang, Kyu-Hyun 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.5
Objectives : To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. Methods : From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women ${\geq}50$ years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," such that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with ${\geq}$ one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. Results : During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. Conclusions : Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.
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이고은 ( Go Eun Lee ),박장호 ( Jang Ho Park ),유윤선 ( Yun Sun Lyu ),노동진 ( Dong Jin No ),박인숙 ( In Sook Park ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2011 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.22 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods: Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated teh subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ(QSCC Ⅱ), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results: From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions: These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.
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Won, Chi-Hyoung,Jang, Jae Hoon,Kim, Sung-Dae,Moon, Joonoh,Ha, Heon-Young,Kang, Jun-Yun,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Lee, Tae-Ho,Kang, Namhyun Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Vol.515 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A borated stainless steel based on the composition of type 304 stainless steel containing different amount of boron was fabricated through a conventional ingot metallurgy-hot working process, and the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. As the content of boron increases, the volume fraction of (Fe,Cr)<SUB>2</SUB>B increases, as predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. As the annealing proceeds at 1180°C, the plate-like shape of (Fe,Cr)<SUB>2</SUB>B turned into a spherical shape. In addition, brittle fracture of the boride was dominant before the heat-treatment, but ductile mode due to the formation of dimples in the austenite was dominant after heat-treatment. In the specimen containing 1.78 wt% of boron, the Cr and Ni contents of the austenite matrix were homogenized after annealing at 1180 °C for 192 h, and the strength and ductility were simultaneously improved.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Jang, Sujin,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Yun, Yeo-Myeong,Lee, Mo-Kwon,Moon, Chungman,Kang, Won-Seok,Kwak, Seung-Shin,Kim, Mi-Sun Elsevier 2015 Bioresource technology Vol.186 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the study, at first, batch tests were performed to investigate the effect of alkali-shock on H<SUB>2</SUB> production from food waste (FW). After alkali-pretreatment of FW at pH 9.0–13.0, the FW was cultivated under mesophilic condition at pH 6.0 for 30h without external inoculum addition. The amount of H<SUB>2</SUB> production from FW pretreated at pH 11.0 and 12.0 was higher than that achieved in other pretreatment pH. The main metabolite was butyrate, and <I>Clostridium</I> were dominant at pH 11.0 and 12.0. Meanwhile, lactate was the main metabolite with <I>Enterococcus</I> and <I>Streptococcus</I> being the dominant genus at other pretreatment pH. When the batch process was switched to a continuous mode, H<SUB>2</SUB> production was significantly dropped due to the increased activity of H<SUB>2</SUB>-consumers. The reliability of alkali-pretreatment at pH 11.0 was proven by repeating the scale-up batch process, recording 1.57±0.11molH<SUB>2</SUB>/mol hexose<SUB>added</SUB> (17±2LH<SUB>2</SUB>/kg FW) and 4.39±0.32LH<SUB>2</SUB>/L/d.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Increased H<SUB>2</SUB> production from food waste by alkali-pretreatment. </LI> <LI> High H<SUB>2</SUB> production and dominance of <I>Clostridium</I> sp. at pH 11.0 and 12.0. </LI> <LI> Limited performance in continuous operation due to H<SUB>2</SUB>-consuming reactions. </LI> <LI> The repeated batch performance: 1.6±0.1molH<SUB>2</SUB>/mol hexose<SUB>added</SUB> and 4.4±0.3LH<SUB>2</SUB>/L/d. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Introduction of Korean Mushroom Industry and RDA Research
Won-Sik Kong,Kab-Yeul Jang,Chan-Jung Lee,Kang-Hyo Lee 한국버섯학회 2017 버섯 Vol.21 No.2
The total mushroom production in Korea in 2015 comprised about 200,000 ton with a value of about 700 billion won (one trillion won if mushroom factory products are included, 1 $=1,128 won). This is almost equal to the amounts generated by flowers and medicinal crops. Even though the cultivation area and the number of farms have been decreased since 2006, the scale of the farms is increasing. Also mushroom productivity and consumption (4.9 ㎏ / person in 2015) are steadily increasing. Major cultivated species are Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Lentinula edodes and Agaricus bisporus, which cover 90% of the total production. Shelves, logs, plastic bags or plastic bottles are mostly used for cultivation depending on the kind of mushroom. Mushroom export estimated about 43 million $ in 2016. Major exported mushrooms are Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tricholoma matsutake and Agaricus bisporus that are destined for the U.S., the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan and several other countries. Mushroom research in the RDA started in 1967. In the beginning, development of cultivation methods using rice straw was studied together with distribution of improved strains of the button mushroom. The costs of button mushroom production strongly increased due the improving national economy, shortage of workers, increase of wages and the oil crisis in the nation. This caused a weak competitive position for button mushroom export and resulted in reduction of the button mushroom cultivation area. After development of a cotton waste cultivation method for the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreastus), this mushroom was popularized and mainly studied. Development of automated plastic bottle cultivation systems in the 1990s changed shelf cultivation to mass production. The bottle system was applied to the oyster mushroom but also to F. velutipes and P. eryngii. Mushroom research in the RDA nowadays focuses on analysis of mushroom genetics in combination with development of new mushroom varieties, mushroom physiology and cultivation. Further studied are environmental factors for cultivation, disease control, development and utilization of mushroom substrate resources, post-harvest management and improvement of marketable traits. Finally, the RDA manages the collection, classification, identification and preservation of mushroom resources.
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Estimation of Green House Gas Emission Associated with Statistics of Waste Management in Korea
( Jang-soo Lee ),( Won-seok Yang ),( Se-won Park ),( Jae-jun Kang ),( Tanvir Alam ),( Yong-chil Seo ),( Woo-hyun Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
After the enforcement of Waste Management Law in Korea from 1987, a systematic waste management has been made. Since then major effective policies and strategies by the government were utilized to promote reduction and recycling of waste and to implement appropriate technologies for disposing waste in safe and permanent methods. In recent the waste becomes not a waste being disposed of but resources having values, so management policy is focusing on ‘waste to energy’ as one of renewable energy resources and the establishment of ‘sustainable and recirculating society’. By such practices for last 30 years in South Korea, the recycling rate has increased from under 10 % to 80 %, and the share of landfilling became less than 10 % in overall waste streams. Using the WARM code developed by US EPA, the greenhouse gas emissions by different practices of waste treatment were estimated for 30 years. Due to a significant increase of recycling rate, the reduction of greenhouse gas emission was achieved around 110,000 tons of CO<sub>2</sub>, from around 25,500 tons of generation to 85,000 tons of credit. The paper will present such changes in different waste streams by effective waste management efforts for last 30 years.
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Kang, Myung J.,Kim, Bo G.,Eum, Jae Y.,Park, Sang H.,Choi, Sun E.,An, Jae J.,Jang, Sang H.,Eum, Won S.,Lee, Jaehwi,Lee, Min W.,Kang, Kyungho,Oh, Chil H.,Choi, Soo Y.,Choi, Young W. Informa Healthcare 2011 JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING Vol.19 No.7
<P>In order to facilitate the intracellular delivery of macromolecules, Pep-1 peptide-modified liposomal (Pep1-Lipo) nanocarriers were designed and examined for their <I>in vitro</I> cell translocation capability. Pep-1 peptides were coupled via thiol-maleimide linkage to small unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine, Tween 80, and <I>N</I>-[4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyryl]-phosphatidylethanolamine (MPB-PE). The amount of Pep-1 peptide conjugated to the vesicle was effectively controlled by the amounts of maleimide groups on the vesicular surface, ranging from 70 to 700 molecules per vesicle. Systems were evaluated for cell uptake capacity by monitoring entrapped fluorescence-labeled bevacizumab, a model protein for poorly permeable macromolecule, using confocal microscopy. The novel carriers rapidly bound to the cell membrane and migrated into the cells within 1 ??h, exhibiting better translocation of macromolecules compared to that of conventional liposomes. Cellular uptake of Pep1-Lipo was proportional to the amount of Pep-1 peptide on the liposomal surface. In conclusion, we found that the Pep1-Lipo formulation was a promising nanocarrier system for intracellular delivery of macromolecules.</P>
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