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Analysis of Air Flow inside the Compartment under Backdraft Conditions using Solid Combustibles
Jaeseong An(Jaeseong An),Taehoon Kim(Taehoon Kim) 한국화재소방학회 2022 International Journal of Fire Science and Engineer Vol.36 No.2
Backdraft is a phenomenon of explosive combustion that occurs when fire in a state of smoldering due to the lack of oxygen grows as the air is admitted after opening the entrance door or window. In this study, a reduced compartment was produced to simulate a backdraft. In an actual site, the fire was generated by solid combustibles, and hence, wood pieces were used to generate the backdraft in this study. Twenty-seven thermocouples were installed inside the compartment. One side of a wall consists of polycarbonate and the interior of the compartment was monitored using a camera. An additional fire simulation was performed using a fire dynamics simulator for in-depth analysis of the phenomena inside the compartment. In the experiment, the air flown into the compartment through the vent opening turned the smoldering fire of solid combustibles into the flaming fire, which led to the ignition of flammable gas inside the compartment. Next, the propagation of the flame was first directed upwards to the combustibles, then towards the center, and ultimately to the exterior. This phenomenon was observed in the analysis of the compartment holding a homogeneous flammable mixture. The results of the analysis showed that the flammable mixture on the interior was released to the exterior because of the rise in the internal pressure caused by flame propagation. Consequently, as the internal flame was propagated to the exterior, the mixture was ignited. Thus, the phenomenon of backdraft in the case of compartment fire was shown to occur as follows. First, the air flown in via the vent opening was elevated to the upper part of the compartment by the smoldering heat on the interior. Next, the flame led to the ignition of the flammable mixture formed on the upper part.
김도희(Kim dohee),김수현(Kim suhyun),박세영(Park seyoung),주용진(Ju yongjin),김재성(Kim jaeseong),제민규(Je mingyu),김상진(Sangjin Kim) 한국정보기술학회 2024 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2024 No.5
본 논문에서는 딥러닝 모델인 CNN 모델을 활용하여 내·외국인 얼굴의 나이를 추정하고 연령대에 맞는 맞춤형 인터페이스를 제공하는 키오스크 서비스를 제안한다. 디지털 사회 전환에 따른 노인의 사회적 소외감을 해결하기 쉽지 않다. 키오스크 카메라를 이용하여 사용자의 연령대를 추정하여 맞춤형 인터페이스를 제공하여 디지털 소외를 완화하고자 한다. 추가로 Open AI의 Whisper를 활용하여 음성인식을 통한 인터페이스 동작, 기능을 추가하여 효과적이고 직관적인 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 키오스크를 소개하고자 한다. This paper proposes a kiosk service that utilizes a deep learning model, CNN, to estimate the ages of both domestic and foreign faces and provide a customized interface suitable for various age groups. It is challenging to address the social exclusion of the elderly due to the digital transformation of society. By using the kiosk camera to estimate users age groups, this service aims to alleviate digital exclusion by offering tailored interfaces. Additionally, by incorporating OpenAIs Whisper for voice recognition, the kiosk can provide effective and intuitive operations and functionalities, enhancing the overall service experience.
Kim, Bukweon,Kim, Kang Cheol,Park, Yejin,Kwon, Ja-Young,Jang, Jaeseong,Seo, Jin Keun IOP 2018 PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT Vol.39 No.10
<P> <I>Objective</I>: Obstetricians mainly use ultrasound imaging for fetal biometric measurements. However, such measurements are cumbersome. Hence, there is urgent need for automatic biometric estimation. Automated analysis of ultrasound images is complicated owing to the patient-specific, operator-dependent, and machine-specific characteristics of such images. <I>Approach</I>: This paper proposes a method for the automatic fetal biometry estimation from 2D ultrasound data through several processes consisting of a specially designed convolutional neural network (CNN) and U-Net for each process. These machine learning techniques take clinicians’ decisions, anatomical structures, and the characteristics of ultrasound images into account. The proposed method is divided into three steps: initial abdominal circumference (AC) estimation, AC measurement, and plane acceptance checking. <I>Main results</I>: A CNN is used to classify ultrasound images (stomach bubble, amniotic fluid, and umbilical vein), and a Hough transform is used to obtain an initial estimate of the AC. These data are applied to other CNNs to estimate the spine position and bone regions. Then, the obtained information is used to determine the final AC. After determining the AC, a U-Net and a classification CNN are used to check whether the image is suitable for AC measurement. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed method is validated by clinical data. <I>Significance</I>: Our method achieved a Dice similarity metric of <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0967-3334/39/10/105007/pmeaaae255ieqn001.gif'/> for AC measurement and an accuracy of 87.10% for our acceptance check of the fetal abdominal standard plane.</P>
Kim, Dokyun,Hong, Seongjin,Choi, Hyuntae,Choi, Bohyung,Kim, Jaeseong,Khim, Jong Seong,Park, Hodong,Shin, Kyung-Hoon Elsevier 2019 Environment international Vol.133 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To determine distributions, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of freshwater cyanobacterial toxins such as microcystins (MCs), surface water, suspended solids, sediments, and coastal organisms were collected from seven stations in inner and outer regions of the estuary dam in the Geum River Estuary in June and July 2017. Concentrations of MC variants (MC-LR, -RR, and -YR) in the multimedia samples were analyzed using a HPLC-MS/MS. Trophic position (TP) of organisms (fish, bivalve, gastropod, decapod, and polychaete) was determined by nitrogen stable isotope analyses of both bulk tissues and amino acids. From July to August 2017, great concentrations of MCs were detected in discharged freshwater ranging from 0.4 to 75 μg L<SUP>−1</SUP>. Considerable amounts of MCs are delivered to the Geum River Estuary in summer season. MCs spread far away as dissolved phases (18.7–49.5 ng L<SUP>−1</SUP>) in July when large amount of freshwater was discharged during the rainy season. Concentrations of MCs in marine organisms varied among species, ranging from 40 to 870 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP> dw. Bioaccumulated MCs tend to decrease with increasing TP of organisms, suggesting that MCs are biodiluted through the marine food web. Compound-specific isotope analysis (nitrogen of amino acids) provides more reliable TPs compared with those by bulk isotope analysis in a closed estuary (such as the Geum River Estuary) with large fluctuations in the isotope ratio of primary producers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Great concentrations of MCs are detected in discharged freshwater via the estuary dam. </LI> <LI> The MCs well dissolve in water when they entered the coastal ecosystem. </LI> <LI> MC-LR is the most abundant among three MCs variants in coastal organisms. </LI> <LI> Bioaccumulated MCs decrease with increasing trophic positions of organisms. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kim, Yu Kyong,Lee, Juyoung,Oh, Jaeseong,Rhee, Su-jin,Shin, Seung Han,Yoon, Seo Hyun,Lee, SeungHwan,Kim, Han-Suk,Yu, Kyung-Sang American Society for Microbiology 2019 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol.63 No.6
<P>Fluconazole is an antifungal agent with reported evidence for its prophylactic effect against systemic fungal infection in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to build a population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of intravenous and oral fluconazole in preterm infants with the current prophylactic fluconazole dosing regimen.</P><P>Fluconazole is an antifungal agent with reported evidence for its prophylactic effect against systemic fungal infection in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to build a population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of intravenous and oral fluconazole in preterm infants with the current prophylactic fluconazole dosing regimen. A pharmacokinetic model was developed using 301 fluconazole concentrations from 75 preterm infants with a baseline body weight (WT) ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 kg and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ranging from 12.9 to 58.5 ml/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP>. Eligible infants received an intravenous or oral dose of 3 mg/kg of body weight of fluconazole, twice weekly with a ≥72-h dose interval, for 4 weeks. The model was qualified with basic goodness-of-fit diagnostics, visual predictive checks, and bootstrapping. The fluconazole pharmacokinetics was well described with a one-compartment linear model with a proportional residual error. The population clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (<I>V</I>) were derived as 0.0197 × (WT/1.00)<SUP>0.746</SUP> × (eGFR/25.0)<SUP>0.463</SUP> × exp(η) and 1.04 × WT × exp(η), respectively. Such covariate analyses augment the awareness of the need for personalized dosing in preterm infants. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01683760.)</P>
Kim, Jaeseong,Hong, Seongjin,Cha, Jihyun,Lee, Junghyun,Kim, Taewoo,Lee, Sunggyu,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Shin, Kyung-Hoon,Hur, Jin,Lee, Jung-Suk,Giesy, John P.,Khim, Jong Seong American Chemical Society 2019 Environmental science & technology Vol.53 No.17
<P>Effect-directed analysis was used to identify previously unidentified aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in sediments collected from a highly industrialized area of Ulsan Bay, Korea. The specific objectives were to (i) investigate potent fractions of sediment extracts using the H4IIE-<I>luc</I> bioassay, (ii) determine the concentrations of known AhR agonists (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and styrene oligomers (SOs)), (iii) identify previously unreported AhR agonists in fractions by use of GC-QTOFMS, and (iv) evaluate contributions of individual compounds to overall AhR-mediated potencies, found primarily in fractions containing aromatics with log <I>K</I><SUB>ow</SUB> 5-8. Greater concentrations of PAHs and SOs were also found in those fractions. On the basis of GC-QTOFMS and GC-MSD analyses, 16 candidates for AhR agonists were identified in extracts of sediments. Of these, seven compounds, including 1-methylchrysene, benzo[<I>j</I>]fluoranthene, 3-methylchrysene, 5-methylbenz[<I>a</I>]anthracene, 11<I>H</I>-benzo[<I>b</I>]fluorene, benzo[<I>b</I>]naphtho[2,3-<I>d</I>]furan, and benzo[<I>b</I>]naphtho[2,1-<I>d</I>]thiophene, exhibited significant AhR activity. Relative potency values of newly identified AhR agonists were found to be greater than or comparable to that of benzo[<I>a</I>]pyrene (BaP). The potency balance analysis showed that newly identified AhR agonists explained 0.07-16% of bioassay-derived BaP-EQs. These chemicals were widely distributed in industrial sediments; thus, it is of immediate importance to conduct studies on sources and potential effects of those chemicals.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>