농촌지역 노인들의 우울증상에 관련된 요인들의 특성

송미숙,전기홍,송현종,김정은,박승구,신상건,이동훈,정성현,최연주,최완철,최민규,황재철,홍지만 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2

This study was performed to identify risk factors for depression among the elderly in a rural area. A survey was done for the elderly living in Gosam-myenn, Ansung-kun during the period of July 28, 1997 and July 30, 1997. Demographic and sodoeconornic characteristics, and functional and health Status were assessed using a structured questionnaire, and the level of depression was measured by GDS score. The data obtained were analyzed by frequencies, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression, and the results were as follows: 1. The total sample consisted of 133 elderly. Of them, 47 elderly (35.4%) showed significant depressive Symptoms. 2. The GDS score was the highest for the group over 85 years of age (p < 0.05). Those living alone or widowed showed lower GDS score than those living with someone or married (p < 0.05). 3. The GDS score was the highest in the absolutely dependent group, followed by the partially dependent group, and the independent group (p < 0.01). The elderly who perceived their health Status as excellent showed the lowest GDS score. In contrast, those who had more than five chronic diseases showed the highest GDS score. 4. The elderly receiving financial and emotional support from their family or friends showed lower GDS score compared to those without any support. 5. The economically dependent group showed higher GDS score than that of independent group. 6. The elderly who involved in leisure activities showed lower GDS score than those without any involvement. 7. In terms of risk factors for depression, we found that perceived health Status, subjective economic Status, leisure activities, living arrangement and financial support were inversely associated with GDS score, whereas labor support was positively associated with GDS score. Based upon the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors for depression in the elderly should be taken into consideration for a comprehensive mental health program for the elderly living in the rural area.

연약지반상 교대의 측방이동에 대한 대책공법

홍원표,이재호,송영석 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2003 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

한 도로교량의 교대를 시공한 후 상부거더가 교대 흉백으로 밀려들어가는 현상이 발생 되었다. 이 교량교대를 대상으로 기초연약지반의 특성을 분석하고, 사면안정해석을 실시하여 교대의 측방이동 여부를 판정하여 보았다. 판정결과 교대의 측방이동은 계속적으로 발생될 것으로 예측되어, 합리적인 대책공법을 고찰한다. 여러 가지 대책공법을 분류 · 분석 한 후 본 현장에 적합한 대책공법으로서 성토지지말뚝공법으로 분류되는 파일슬래브 공법이 선정된다. 본 공법은 교대 배면에 말쪽을 설치하여 성토하중을 지지층으로 전달함으로써 연약지반의 측방유동을 억제하는 공법이다. 또한 대책공법 적용 후 교대의 안정성을 확인할 수 있는 현장계측시스템을 도입한다. After construction of bridge abutment of a bridge for roads, steel box girder of bridge was moved into the parapet wall of abutment. Based on analysis of geotechnical characteristics and slope stability, the judgement of lateral movement of bridge abutment on soft ground is performed. As a result of judgement. various countermeasures are analyzed to prevent against the lateral movement of bridge abutment. The pill slab method among the various countermeasures is based on embankment pile which is installed in soft ground to decrease the overburden due to embankments Also, field instrumentation system is installed to observe reinforced effect of the countermeasures and stability of bridge abutment.

질소오염 감소를 위한 질소수지표 개발에 관한 연구 : 충청북도 사례연구 For Province Chungcheongbuk-do

송재옥,홍성규 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 2004 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

These days, the environment has been polluted as a result of many kinds of agricultural activities, such as over-fertilization and excessively injected agricultural medicine and livestock-wastewater. Especially, superfluously used nitrogenous fertilizers have worsened both ground water and earths surface water. In Korea, compared to other developed countries, there has been an extensive use of nitrogenous fertilizer, affecting the cleanliness of ground water. Under these circumstances, it is imperative to study the pollution by nitrogenous fertilizer. In order to estimate the extent of potential pollution by nitrogenous fertilizer, this study establishes a nitrogen parameter by providing the balance between the inputted quantity of nitrogen element (marked as plus) and the output quantity of nitrogen element (marked as minus). For the calculation of surface nitrogen balance, nitrogen input was calculated by fertilizer consumption and cattle manure input etc., and nitrogen output was mainly harvested crop products. This balance, by indicating the extent of potential pollution, may be used to improve the effectiveness of environment policy making. In Province Chungcheongbuk-do(Chungbuk), a surplus of nitrogen is 15.3kg/10a. However, each region has different levels of surplus based on the amounts of nitrogenous fertilizer used, soil and climate. We observe that the policy to reduce pollution by nitrogen must be applied based on environmental characteristics of each region. In conclusion, the nitrogen parameter has significance in planning environmental policy that is appropriate to each region, by helping to analyze the effect on rural household income and to solve other environment-related problems.

임베디드 시스템에서 Mobile IP 프로토콜 구현

宋東勳,裵振勝,鄭燦赫,吳世德,李基源,劉忠烈,河載承,李光培,金玄郁 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.24 No.-

With rapid growth of the internet, need for the mobile communication networks is increasing. In this paper, we implement and test Mobile IP Protocol in Embedded System. Our Mobile IP-based testbed consisted of two sub-networks and each sub-network was configured to operate independently through use of router. To satisfy integrated wired/wireless network model established on the testbed design and show generality of the testbed, we implemented mobile nodes, home agent, foreign agent and router on the basis of Linux operating system. As the results of the evaluation, we confirmed that mobile nodes operated properly according to Mobile IP Protocol.

認知治療에 關한 理論的 考察

宋在鴻 全北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1993 學生生活硏究 Vol.20 No.-

Cognitive therapy(CT) or cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT) is a relatively short-term form of psychotherapy that is active, directive, and collaborative between patient and therapist. The basic premise of the cognitive therapy model is that there is an essential interaction between the way in which individuals feel and behave and the way in which they construe their world, themselves, and the prospects for their future. The goal of therapy is to help patients uncover their dysfunctional and irrational thinking, reality-test their thinking and behavior, and build more adaptive and functional techniques for responding both inter- and intra-personally. The goal of this review is to offer the reader an overview of the basic cognitive therapy model, with specific focus on understanding the broad cognitive-therapy perspective. For this purpose, this researcher examined the historical background of cognitive therapy, described the main conceptions(e.g., cognitive triad, cognitive distortions, dysfunctional or irrational assumptions, schema, etc.), therapeutic precesses, and (both cognitive and behavioral) strategies and techniques, with which cognitive therapists had established their therapeutic models and had developed their clinical pratices, and finally added the evaluation of cogitive therapy model, with specific focus on improving its future.

교사의 전문성 신장을 위한 단원중심 교수 개발 프로그램의 통합적 모형

송재홍 제주교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2001 초등교육연구 Vol.6 No.-

활성탄 부착 Meltblown(M/B) 부직포를 이용한 방진마스크용 여과재 제조기술개발

홍영기,전재완,이재달,송인희 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2001 반도체장비학술심포지움 Vol.2001 No.-

본 논문에서는 고성능 활성탄의 악취 및 유해가스 흡착효율과 멜트브로운(M/B)부직포의 여과성능에 의한 복합적인 고기능 방진특성을 갖는 활성탄 부착 M/B 국산화 여과재를 제조개발하였다.고성능 활성탄은 고순도의 일반활성탄에 금속염, 유기물 등을 담지시켜 활성화시킨 활성탄이고, M/B여과재의 웹(web)제조조건은 M/B 방사기에서 방사온도 250℃, 방사속도 150m/sec, 고온공기온도 250℃ 그리고 DCD(die to collector distance) 20㎝가 적합함을 알 수 있었다.또한 M/B 여과재에 활성탄부착은 열롤러시스템에 의한 열적 이용하여 균일한 분포의 점접착결합구조를 갖도록 하였고, 개발된 복합기능 여과재가 방진마스크용 여과재로의 이용이 가능하다는 것을 분진포집효율, 투과율, 흡기저항 등 여과재 성능기준실험 결과를 통해 확인하였다.

灌漑用 小溜池의 內容積에 關한 硏究

宋錫銀,周栽洪,李裕根 진주산업대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Obtained results for study as above are as follows. 1. The unit depth of water of the present state of reservoirs was below 160 millimeter on the average. 2. The frequency of drought happened one time per three years. 3. The ratio of a well irrigated paddy field was less than 40%. 4. When the unit depth of water of reservoirs is at least 300 millimeter, it is regarded as a well irrigated paddy field. 5. If possible technically, when we raise the present state of dam height of reservoirs more than 1 meter, we can store up the irrigation water for somehow 20 days.

브레히트 희곡에 나타난 이분법적 인물설정 : 계급적 당파성을 중심으로 in bezug auf Brechts Klassen-Parteilichkeit

송재홍 한국브레히트학회 1997 브레히트와 현대연극 Vol.4 No.-

Brecht folgt der Tradition der marxistischen Aufklarung, indem er das Theater (und auch die gesamte Kunst) als Mittel der Klassenbefreiung ansieht und einsetzt. So mißt er der didaktischen Funktion des Theaters großes Gewicht bei. Freilich verzichtet er dennoch nicht auf die Unterhaltungsfunktion des Theaters. "Episches Theater" und "dialektisches Theater" sind die Beseichnungen fur die Dramentheorie, mit der Brecht die Aufklarung des Publikums anstrebt, wobei auf die Unterhaltungsfunktion nicht verzichtet wird. Mit seinen Dramen wunscht Brecht, die Revolution oder minestens die Veranderung der von ihm fur ungerecht befundenen sozialen Verhaltnisse zu bewirken. Er nimmt so eindeutig Partei in der Konfrontation der Klassen. Seine Parteilichkeit zeigt sich auch in seiner dualistischen Figurenzeichnung. Die figuren sind in den meistne Dramen Brechts nach Klassenzugehorigkeit zu polarisieren: die Oberen und die Unteren. Es ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit, erstens die klassenspezifischen Merkmale und Charaktere der Figuren in Brechts Dramen aufzuweisen, so daß die Polarisierung der Figuren, d.h. die dualistische Figurenzeichnung ins Licht tritt. Und dann soll gefragt werden, zu welchem Zweck Brecht seine Figuren so polarisiert hat. Die zwei gegensatzlichen Figurengruppen in Brtechts Dramen unterscheiden sich deutlich in den meisten Merkmalen wie z.B. Wertvorstellungen, Lebensweise, Kleidung, korperliche Attribute usw. Die zu den Oberen gehorenden Figuren vermogen die Natur oder andere außeralltagliche Gegenstande zu genießen, wahrend die zu den Unteren gehorenden Figuren dazu außerstande sind. Grundlage dieser Fahigkeit ist die Freiheit von existneziellen Sorgen: "Erst kommt das Fressen, dann kommt die Moral." Auch finanziell sind beide Klassen ungleich gestellt. Die Oberen, wie z.B. der großfurst im Kreidekreis, sind gerne bereit 100,000 Piaster fur eine einmalige Ubernachtung zu bezahlen. Aber Grusche kann nicht einmal 3 Piaster bezahlen, denn sie braucht das Geld fur die Ernahrung des armen Kindes. Wie unterschiedlich die Lebensweise der beiden Klassen ist, zeigt sich in einer Szene aus Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti, in der Matti testet, ob Eva die Lebensweise seiner Klasse ubernehmen kann. Das Ergebnis dieses Testes zeigt, daß dies nicht moglich ist. Auch korperliche Merkmale verweisen direkt auf die Klassenzugehorigkeit (s. die Beschreibung der Hande Grusches bzw. des Großfursten). Die charakterlichen Merkmale entsprechen den veschiedenen Klassenzugehorigkeiten. Dabei zeichnen sich die Oberen meistnes negativ durch Macht- und Geldgier aus, und sie sehen den Menschen als ein bloßes Mittel fur ihre Profite. Auch von den zu den Unteren gehorenden Figuren sind einige als gierig und listig dargestellt. Aber diese negativ zu bewertenden Merkmale der Unteren sind nicht so ausgepragt wie die der Oberen. Zumal haben die Unteren ein verstandliches Motiv: es bleiben fur sie nicht viele Moglichkeiten, in einer ungerechten Gesellschaft zu uberleben. Die als positiv zu bewertenden Merkmale hingegen werden nur den zu den Unteren gehorenden Figuren, und v. a. den Frauenfiguren, wie z.B. Shen Te, Kattrin, Grusche zugestanden. Die Polarisierung der Charakere nach der Klassenzugehorigkeit ist so deutlich, daß man hier die eindeutige Parteilichkeit des Autors finden kann. Brecht zielt mit der polarisierten Figurenzeichnung darauf ab, daß das Publikum die negativen Charaktere der Oberen kritisch wahrnehmen kann, um anschließend auf die Veranderung der ungerechten sozialen Verhaltnisse hinwirken zu konnen.

우유 및 유제품 수입이 국가경제에 미치는 영향 : 우유 및 유제품 수입자유화의 사업연관분석

홍성규,송재옥 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1993 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

국가간의 유제품 교역에 있어서 예외없는 관세화가 이루어졌을 경우에 우리나라의 유가공 부문은 직접적으로 큰 타격을 입게 되며 또한 유가공 부문을 제외한 여타산업은 간접적으로 더 큰 피해를 보게 된다. 예를 들어 던켈 사무총장의 제안에 따라 1997년까지 관세 상당액의 36%가 감소되는 경우 유가공부문의 생산감소액은 1988년도 가격으로 571억원에 이르고 여타산업의 피해액은 767억원에 다다르게 된다. 571억원은 유가공부문 총산출의 4.31%에 해당되며 1,338억원(571억원+767억원)은 우리나라 전체경제 총산출의 0.05%에 해당하는 금액으로 이는 유가공부문의 수입개방이 국내총산출을 0.05% 낮춘다는 것을 의미한다. 간접적으로 가장 큰 피해를 입는 산업은 낙농부문으로 나타났으며, 배합사료 부문과 제당부문도 대체적으로 큰 피해를 입는 것으로 나타났다. 작물부문도 피해가 큰 편인데, 그 이유는 작물부문이 낙농부문과 배합사료에 투입물을 많이 제공하기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. 이상과 같이 공급함수와 개방모형의 산업연관분석으로 계측된 피해액은 모형의 성격상 다음의 관점을 고려하여 조심스럽게 해석하여야 한다. 1) 통상적인 개방모형의 산업연관모형에서는 각 부문에서 고용되고 있는 사람들의 생산감소에 따른 소득의 감소에서 생기는 영향을 계측의 대상 밖에 두고 있다. 이 같은 소득의 흐름을 통한 파급효과를 파악하기 위해서는 폐쇄모형의 산업연관분석이 유효한데 이 경우 피해액은 더욱 크게 나타날 것이다. 2) 관세상당액의 감축에 따라 국내가격이 경영비 이하로 하락할 경우에는 실제생산이 중지될 것이므로 수입개방시 피해액은 이보다 훨씬 커질 수 있다. 3) 본장에서는 또한 분석의 대상을 우유 전체에 대해서가 아니라 유제품에 한정하였다. 만일 저장 및 운반기술이 커다란 진보를 보여 시유의 수입이 가능해진다면 유가공 부문과 낙농부문을 포함한 여타산업의 피해액은 더욱 증가할 것이다. This paper is aimed to identify effects of import liberalization of dairy products not only on dairy industry but also on national economy overall. In order to achieve the goal, the extending influence on production under the alternative assumptions were measured using elasticity approach and input-output analysis tool. The effects on national economy were calculated using the input-output table issued by the Bank of Korea, While the dairy cattle sector and other livestock breeding sector were estimated by the MODOP-Method. This study is analysed under the assumption that the tariff equivalent of dairy products would decrease to 30%, 36% and 75% respectively by 1997. In the case of 36% assumption(scenario Ⅱ) the direct losses of the dairy industry would be 57 billion won at the constant price of 1988, and the indirect losses of the other related industries would be 77 billion won. Consequently, the direct and indirect damage of the Korean economy would amount to 134 billion won. After all, import liberalization of dairy products would bring about larger losses to the other industries than to the dairy industry. Especially the sector of the largest indirect losses would be occurred in the dairy cattle sector.