두 가족의 가족성 모야모야병 환자 4례

구자성,노재규,박성호,이한보,이용석,윤창호,송치성,송재우 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

ERK1/2 activation in quercetin-treated BEAS-2B cell plays a role in Nrf2-driven HO-1 expression

이윤진,Jun-Hwan Song,Myung-Ho Oh,Yong-Jin Lee,김용배,Jae-Hyuk Im,이상한 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2011 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.7 No.4

Quercetin, a member of the flavonoids,has been heralded as chemopreventive agent, generally because of its free radical-scavenging and antiproliferative activities. In this process, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) plays a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage; however, the exact mechanisms in which bronchial epithelial cells respond to quercetin by activating Nrf2 are not fully understood. Here, we report the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in response to quercetin. Quercetin treatment decreased the viability of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ERK1/2 was activated within 10 min of quercetin addition and then remained increased above control level throughout 48 h, whereas AKT phosphorylation was suppressed from the first 1 h of quercetin treatment. Inhibition of Erk1/2 phosphorylation attenuated quercetin-induced loss of cell viability. Nrf2levels in both nuclear and whole cell lysates increased after quercetin treatment and was accompanied by the increase of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein level,indicating that increased HO-1 expression is Nrf2-mediated. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 system after quercetin treatment was suppressed by the pretreatment with MEK inhibitor, PD98059. Also, silencing Nrf2 with siRNA decreased cell viability and augmented cytotoxic effect of anticancer drug LBH589. Overall, our results indicate that quercetin induces the up-regulation of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression, at least in part, via MEK/ERK1/2 signaling, as an adaptive mechanism which may provide advantages for cell proliferation and enhance survival despite endogenous and/or exogenous oxidative insults.

Morin exerts cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts via the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and the activation of the ERK pathway

Lee, Moon Hee,Han, Min Ho,Lee, Dae-Sung,Park, Cheol,Hong, Su-Hyun,Kim, Gi-Young,Hong, Sang Hoon,Song, Kyoung Seob,Choi, Il-Whan,Cha, Hee-Jae,Choi, Yung Hyun UNKNOWN 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.39 No.2

<P>In the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective efficacy of morin, a natural flavonoid, against oxidative stress and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in C2C12 myoblasts. Our results indicated that morin treatment prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure significantly increased cell viability and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species. H2O2-induced comet-like DNA formation and gamma H2AX phosphorylation were also markedly suppressed by morin with a parallel inhibition of apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts, suggesting that morin prevented H2O2-induced cellular DNA damage. Furthermore, morin markedly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) associated with the induction and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the inhibition of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keapl) expression. Notably, these events were eliminated by transient transfection with Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA. Additional experiments demonstrated that the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by morin was mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. This phenomenon was confirmed with suppressed Nrf2 phosphorylation and consequently diminished HO-1 expression in cells treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK. Collectively, these results demonstrated that morin augments the cellular antioxidant defense capacity through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, which involves the activation of the ERK pathway, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from H2O2,-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.</P>

북한강 상류 천연자원의 종합관리 시스템 개발

송화선,김남호,김동욱,장재형,정영준,임길재 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1998 석재연 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

강원도 춘천시를 중심으로하는 북한강 상류는 수도권에 청정 상수원류를 제공하는 생활의 핏줄이다. 또한 수도권 지역 건설에 필수적인 석재 자원의 주요 공급 지역으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 지역의 보존과 체계적 개발을 위한 지리정보처리 기술을 이용한 천연자원 종합관리 시스템을 개발하였다. 이 시스템은 자원관리를 위한 막강한 도구와 기능 예를 들면 정보수집, 편집, 처리, 모델링, 분석 및 가시화기능을 제공한다. 결과적으로 이 시스템은 지하자원 분석, 천연자원의 기획 및 개발, 자연보호 등 자원관리와 연계된 문제를 효율적으로 해결할 수 있는 능력을 제공하고 있다. The upper stream area of the north Han river, which is located around the Chunchon city of the Kangwon province, is out essential resources, which supply clear drinking water to the capital city of out conutry, Seoul. This area has also produced stone and aggregate resources required for building and road constructions in the capital area For preservation and planned-development of this area, in this study, we have developed an integrated management system for natural resources, based upon geological information technologies. This system includes powerful tools and functions for resource management such as information collection, edition, processing, modeling, analysis, and visualization. As a result, this system may give us capabilities to efficiently handle a variety of resource management issues such as the analysis of underground resources, the planning and development of natural resources, the protection of environment and their related projects.

제주국제자유도시 제안모델의 적실성 분석

송재호 제주대학교 동아시아연구소 2001 東아시아硏究論叢 Vol.12 No.-

Plant Regeneration and Bulblet Formation of Allium wakegi Araki

Song,Won-seob,Yang,Deok-Chun,Yoon,Jae-Ho,Ryu,Sang-Hyun 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

Allium wakegi was cultured shoot tip in the condition of light culture. The Allium wakegi added plant growth regulator was observed of plant regeneration and bulblet formation. Callus Induction and growing rate was the best of 78% when added alone 2,4-D 0.5mg/L. In the formation of shoot, its regeneration rate was 96% when added BA 0.5mg/L in the light culture condition. When BA 0.5mg/L and NAA 0.5mg/L mixed and BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the rates were 99% and 97% respectively, and these conditions were suitable for forming shoot. In the formation of roots, when added NAA 2.0mg/L in the light culture condition, the regeneration rate was 90.6 % and the roots were abnormal. When added NAA 1.0mg/L, the rate was 82 % and the highest. In the formation of bulbs, when BA 05mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the root generantion and its size in the bulbs was the best compare to other treatment experiments.

철근 콘크리트 아아치 구조의 최적설계에 관한 연구

宋在浩 金烏工科大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

The propose of this study is to attempt minimum cost design for reinforced concrete arch srtuctures onthe basisof limit state design theory. Selectional sizes and steel area are adopted as design variables, and cost function as object function respectively. Optimization problems are formulated by deriving constraints in terms of design variables according to BS CP 110. From the results of structure optimization for fixed arches, the fact that bending moment redistribution factor affects considerably on the optimal solution of statically indeterminate structure s is found. Also the fact that both SLP and SMUT which are widely applied to the optimal design of reinforced concrete is available to the optimization of reinforced concrete arch struetures is proved.

觀光計劃과 環境에 관한 考察 : 人間-觀光志向 戰略的 觀光計劃의 틀 The Framewwork of Human-Environment Oriented Tourism Planning

송재호 서강전문대학 1994 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Environment should be protected both for tourism and from tourism. Careful tourism planning is essential to the preservatiom of environment. The relation of tourism planning to environment is considerably deep and broad. Tourism planning So long as tourism planning is defined as the process which realizes the balance of tourism demand & supply by way of linking the available resources with the potential tourist market within the limits of environmental conservation, its goals can be summarized as the optimalization of the interaction between human(tourists & residents) and environment(phisical & socio-cultural) through the rational distribution of resources. Interaction between tourism and environment - 1) environmental resources provide a critica production) factor for the oroduction of the tourist product, 2) tourism produces a variety of unwanted byproducts, maninly negative, which may modify the environment - should be emphasized and reflected on the tourism planning process. This study began so as to research a new tourism planning method which puts an emphasis on human/environmental interaction. This new tourism planning model is named and conceptualized as the human-environment oriented stratrgic tourism planning, and then its reference standards, its basic directions, and its processing framework are discussed. The contents of this article are as follows Ⅰ. For the description of discussion Ⅱ. Tourism and environment Ⅲ. Previous environment-oriented approaches to tourism planning Ⅳ. Human-environment oriented strategic tourism planning model building Ⅴ. Discussion

AGT 시스템의 동적 증가계수 시뮬레이션

송재필,김기봉,정인근,김현호 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 2002 環境科學硏究 Vol.13 No.2

무인궤도운전열차(Automated Guide-way Transit, AGT) 시스템의 접지력 및 교량-차량의 동적 응답을 구하기 위해 노면조도가 있는 주행로를 운행하는 AGT 시스템에 대한 동적 운동방정식을 유도하였다. AGT 시스템의 차량은 3차원 11 자유도 모델로 이상화하였고, 교량은 3차원 프레임 모델로 단순화하였다. 동적 운동방정식의 해를 구하기 위하여 컴퓨터 프로그램을 개발하였고, 해석된 결과는 실험자료의 결과치와 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램의 해석결과 AGT 교량, 차량 그리고 노면요철의 상호 작용에 의한 교량과 차량의 동적 응답을 구하여 정밀한 교량의 동적증가계수를 산정할 수 있었다. The equations of motion for an automated guide-way transit(AGT) system running on a path with roughness have been derived to investigate dynamic responses and wheel loads of moving vehicles of the AGT system. A vehicle of the AGT system is idealized as three-dimensional model with 11 degree-of-freedom, and a bridge is modelized with three F.E. method. The computer program is developed to solve the dynamic equations, and analytical results are verified by comparing the results with experimental ones. As a result, the computer program which developed in this study can be used for estimate the dynamic responses of bridge and vehicle due to dynamic interaction of bridge, vehicle and surface roughness, and with these results the dynamic increment factor of bridge can be obtained.

補中益氣湯 투여가 장거리 달리기 선수의 에너지 및 전해질 대사에 미치는 영향 : changes in the energy and electrolyte metabolism among long distance runners

송순기,금동호,오재근,이명종 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1998 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.1

스포츠 과학 분야에서는 운동 선수들의 경기력 향상과 운동 피로의 신속한 회복을 도모하기 위하여 한약을 복용하고 그 효과와 유의성에 대하여 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 격심한 운동을 수행할 때 나타나는 Glucose 등 에너지원의 고갈, Lactate 등 대사 산물의 축적, 전해질의 불균형 등의 여러 제반 증상이 氣虛로 인하여 나타나는 전신의 증후와 유사하다고 생각하여 補中益氣湯을 투여한 후 인체의 대사 변화를 관찰함으로서 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향과 유의성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 장거리 달리기 선수를 대상으로 2주간의 補中益氣湯의 투여가 에너지 대사 및 전해질대사에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 최대심박수의 70% 강도의 운동을 실시한 후 운동전 안정시, 운동 직후, 휴식 후 10분, 휴식 후 30분, 휴식 후 1시간으로 나누어 혈액검사를 하였을 때 나타나는 각종 변인의 반응 양상을 비교 분석하여 유의한 결과를 얻었다. 혈중 에너지 대사에서는 free fatty acid와 Lactate 반응에서 유의성 있는 차이가 나타났고, 전해질대사에서도 Na^(+), Cl-와 K^(+) 반응에서 모누 유의성 있는 차이를 나타냈다. 그러므로 補中益氣湯은 에너지 및 전해질 대사에서 유의성있는 변화를 나타내었으며 운동수행능력의 향상에 유효하였다. Objective This experimental study was designed to investigate effects of Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang administration among long distance runners on changes of the energy and electrolyte metabolism. Materials and Methods All subjects were divided randomly with two groups, Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang Group (N=4) and control group (N=4) and performed to run the 400m track with 70% of HR max about 1 hour. The blood samples were collected from antecubital vein by 5㎖ syringes at before exercise, immediateIy after exercise, recovering- 10 min, recovering-30 min, recovering-1 hour. These sampie were used to analyze for the factors of the changes on metabolic responses. Firest, the primary factors on the changes of the energy metabolism were checked ; Glucose, Free fatty acid, Lactate, LDH. Second, the primary factors on the changes of the electroIyte metabolisrn were checked ; Na^(+), Cl^(-), K^(+). Results 1. The change of the energy metabolism 1) Glucose response was not shown significant difference between two groups. 2) Free fatty acid response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at recover-10 min. 3) Lactate response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly decreased at immediately after exercise, recover-10 min, recover-30 min. 4) LDH response was not shown significant difference between two groups. 2. The change of the electrolyte metabolism 1) Na^(+) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was shown significant difference between two groups at before exercise. 2) C^(-) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at before exercise, immediately after exercise. 3) K^(+) response in Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang group was significantly increased at recover-10 min. Conclusion According to the above results, it was shown that Bo-joong-ik-gi-tang had the positive effects on changes of the energy and electrolyte metabolism for the long distance runners.