Projections of summertime ozone concentration over East Asia under multiple IPCC SRES emission scenarios

Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

Changes in Spatiotemporal Parameters and Lower Limb Coordination During Prosthetic Gait Training in Unilateral Transfemoral Amputees

Yunhee Chang,Chang-Yong Ko,Bo Ra Jeong,Jung Sun Kang,Hyuk-Jae Choi,Gyoosuk Kim,Hyunjun Shin,Sehoon Park 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.3

When applying prosthetic gait training to patients with lower limb amputation, monitoring the gait change process is crucial for establishing and modifying rehabilitation training plans. In addition, since human gait involves complex movement of several joints, it is necessary to analyze the organic movement of adjacent joints rather than a single joint in the lower extremities for understanding the process of gait change. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze changes in spatiotemporal parameters and lower limb coordination during prosthetic gait training in unilateral transfemoral amputees (TFAs). This retrospective case–control study included 10 unilateral TFAs and 10 healthy individuals as controls. TFAs received prosthetic gait training for 12 weeks and gait changes were analyzed every 2 weeks using a 3D motion analysis system. The measured variables were spatiotemporal parameters and the continuous relative phase between hip and knee joints. The highest improvement in walking speed was seen at week 4 of training, and the continuous relative phase was most symmetric at week 8. The lower limb coordination pattern was more in-phase in the TFAs than in the controls, and the coordination variability was also lower for the TFAs than for the controls. In addition, the rate of change in lower limb coordination of TFAs was lower than that of spatiotemporal parameters and was significantly different from that of the controls even after training. Considering that the decrease in lower limb coordination is related to gait efficiency, balance, and risk of fall, there is a need to develop therapeutic strategies that can further improve the coordination of TFAs.

보조호르몬요법을 받는 여성 유방암 환자의 모발 변화와 치료 실태에 대한 기초 연구

이재경 ( Jae Kyung Lee ),김창현 ( Chang-hyun Kim ),홍동균 ( Dongkyun Hong ),정경은 ( Kyung Eun Jung ),서영준 ( Young-joon Seo ),김창덕 ( Chang-deok Kim ),이진선 ( Jin Sun Lee ),권인선 ( In Sun Kwon ),박상현 ( Sanghyun Park ),이영 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.7

Background: Hormone therapy, which includes tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, is the most common adjuvant therapy used for breast cancer. However, only a few studies have reported endocrine therapy induced alopecia. Objective: We investigated the effects of long-term adjuvant hormone therapy on hair in patients with breast cancer, in addition to patients’ concerns and current treatment for hair loss. Methods: Patients completed a questionnaire that included information on self-perceived hair changes after each adjuvant therapy session, distress, and current treatment for hair loss. Using a folliscope, we measured hair density and thickness in each patient and in healthy controls. Results: The study included 93 patients with breast cancer (mean age 51.9±9.8 years). The density and hair thickness were 106.36±21.85 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the patient group and 147.86±30.67 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the control group (n=98, mean age 52.10±8.40 years), respectively. The mean hair density was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group; however, no statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in hair thickness. Among 76 patients who perceived hair changes after adjuvant therapy, 71.1% (n=54) were distressed with regard to hair changes. However, only 7.8% of the patients, including two who were treated by dermatologists, currently received treatment for hair changes. Conclusion: Dermatologists should be familiar with hair changes in patients with breast cancer and provide appropriate education to encourage patients to consult dermatologists for hair loss and thinning after breast cancer treatment. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(7):521∼526)

In Vitro 고삼투압이 정자 원형질막의 Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation에 미치는 영향

오영근,장재호,최인호,정노팔,신형철,곽병주 대한의생명과학회 2000 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.6 No.4

정자의 원형질막은 삼투압에 의해서 영향을 받는다고 보고되고 있다. 이중 세포막내 분자구조의 변화 특히 막지질 구조의 변화와 동반되는 이온채널의 변화 그리고 Ca2+과 HCO-3의 유동성과도 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 지금까지의 연구보고에 의하면, 정자의 첨체반응 (acrosome reaction)이 일어날 경우 protein tyrosine phosphorylation이 증가되는데 이것은 cAMP, protein kinase A 등을 통하여 작용되는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 막의 지질변화를 유도하는 물질로 일종의 sterol acceptor인 BSA가 알려져 있는 바, 실제로 BSA가 막지질 성분에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과 cholesterol이 유출되고 이온 등의 유동성 변화가 일어나, 이 유동성 변화가 정자의 adenylyl cyclase를 활성화시켜 cAMP를 증가시키고, PKA가 활성화되어 결과적으로 Protein tyosine phosphorycation이 유도된다고 보는 것이다. 침체반응과 protein tyrosine phosphorylation과는 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료되고 있다. 본 연구는 정자 원형질막에서 cholesterol이 유출되어 protein tyrosine phosphorylation이 유도될 때, BSA와 같은 sterol acceptor가 작용할 것이라는 전제하에, 고삼투압 하에서 탈수로 인해 원형질막이 위축되더라도 sterol acceptor가 존재한다면 막지질 성분의 구조적 변화가 억제 될 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다. 실험결과, 저온 및 고삼투압 하에서 정자운동은 감소되지만 원형질막의 구조적 변화는 없고, 삼투압에 대한 반응정도는 원형질막을 통한 수분이동과 세포용적 변화에 따라 비례적으로 일어난다고 하는 사실을 발견하였다. 이 결과는 정자보존에 있어서 저온변화에 영향을 미치는 여러 인자들 특히 protein fgrosine phosphorylation의 증가와 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시시해 준다. 또한 sterol acceptor로 알려진 BSA는 삼투압이 변화되더라도 역시 중요한 인자로 작용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 고삼투압으로의 변화는 cAMP와 protein kiname A를 거치는 신호전달과정에 있어서 중요한 요인이라는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. It has been reported that plasma membrane activity of the spermatozoa may be susceptible to be influenced by extracellular osmolality and such membranous changes involve intracellular molecular changes, special regard to the structure of membranous lipids, and the accompanying ion-channel of which are closely related with their fluidity of Ca2+ and HCO-3. It is of common recognition that a certain kind of sterol acceptor player an important to induce lipid fluctuation of the sperm plasma membrane which have been influenced by BSA administration and came in effect to outflow of cholesterol from the spermatozoa and resulted in changes of ionic fluidity to facilitate adenylyl cyclase, and to induce protein tyrosine phosphorylation by increase of cAMP and activation of PKA. Thus it seems likely that an augmentation of the acrosomal reaction is closely related with protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The following experimental results were obtained in the present study; Under the high osmolality conditions, the spermatozoa motility declined significantly and the structural change of the plasma membrane diminished to confirm that the response degrees to the osmolality depended upon the water transfer volume through the plasma membrane and the changes of cellular volume. Those experimental results suggest that a physiological parameter such as low temperature condition played an important role for presentation of spermatozoa and that inducement of spermatozoa activation for reinforcement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. On the other hand, it seemed likely that the BSA administration as one of sterol acceptors might represent a key role also under the high osmolality condition and their result also suggests that osmolality change, special regard to high osmolality condition may play an important role also in the processes of signal transmission

연구논문 : 국가 생태정보를 활용한 생물다양성 지도 구축

정다정 ( Da Jung Jung ),강경호 ( Kyung Ho Kang ),허준 ( Joon Heo ),김창재 ( Chang Jae Kim ),김성호 ( Sung Ho Kim ),이정빈 ( Jung Bin Lee ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2010 환경영향평가 Vol.19 No.6

Natural ecosystem is an essential part to connect with the plan for biodiversity conservation in response strategy against climate change. For connecting biodiversity conservation with climate change strategy, Europe, America, Japan, and China are making an effort to discuss protection necessity through national biodiversity valuation but precedent studies lack in Korea. In this study, we made biodiversity maps representing biodiversity distribution range using species richness in National Forest Inventory (NFI) and Forest Description data. Using regression tree algorithm, we divided various classes by decision rule and constructed biodiversity maps, which has accuracy level of over 70%. Therefore, the biodiversity maps produced in this study can be used as base information for decision makers and plan for conservation of biodiversity & continuous management. Furthermore, this study can suggest a strategy for increasing efficiency of forest information in national level.

조기 천장골염의 자기공명영상 소견

김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),심승철 ( Seung Cheol Shim ),장대국 ( Dae Kook Chang ),고회관 ( Hee Kwan Koh ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),전의용 대한류마티스학회 1998 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Objective: The early detection of sacroiliitis on X-ray is important to diagnose spondyloarthropathy(SpA). The conventional radiography, bone scan, and computer tomogram have the problems of sensitivity, specificity, and side effects. We examined sacroiliitis using MR imaging in patients who had inflammatory back pain, but no definite changes in conventional radiogrphy. Other radiologic techniques were compared in detection of early sacroillitis. Methods: Twenty six patients with SpA were examined. The MRI findings of both sacroiliac joints were evaluated in every patients, such as pannus, periarticular osteitis and fat accumulation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space changes(irregularity, ankylosis). Also we analyzed the changes of sacroiliac joints in sacroiliitis. Results: The predominant sites of involvement were upper aspect and iliac surface of sacroiliac joint in subchondral sclerosis, lower and iliac in pannus, periarticular fat accumulation, and iliac in periarticular osteitis. The MPGR images were superior to spin echo images in evaluation of joint space changes(irregularity, and ankylosis). Conclusions: Sacroiliitis is initiated in iliac side and lower portion of sacroiliac joints. MRI can detect early changes of sacroiliitis in patients with no conventional radiographic changes. MRI seems to be needed in patients with inflammatory back pain.

Investigation of channel mobility in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors

Chang, Sung-Jae,Kang, Hee-Sung,Lee, Jae-Hoon,Yang, Jie,Bhuiyan, Maruf,Jo, Young-Woo,Cui, Sharon,Lee, Jung-Hee,Ma, Tso-Ping Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2016 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol.55 No.4

<P>We have investigated the channel mobility in the gated region of a set of high-quality AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The resistances in the contact, access, and gated regions were extracted from straightforward I-D(V-G) measurements on sets of HEMTs with four different gate-to-drain distances. By correcting for the effects of the contact and access resistances, much more accurate effective mobility curves in the gated region, compared to those reported in the past, have been obtained. The maximum effective mobility in that region has been found to be 1100cm(2)V(-1) s(-1) at carrier density n(s) = 7 x 10(12)cm(-2) at room temperature. We have extracted the mobility curves in a wide range of temperatures (80 to 520 K) and carrier concentrations (up to 1.3 x 10(13)cm(-2)). Our systematic measurements have revealed various dominant scattering mechanisms as the temperature and carrier concentration change. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics</P>

Operation Range‑Optimized Silver Nanowire Through Junction Treatment

Jae‑Chan Lee,Jong‑Sung Lee,Phillip Won,Jung Jae Park,Seok Hwan Choi,Seung Hwan Ko,Byoung‑Joon Kim,이소연,Young‑Chang Joo 대한금속·재료학회 2020 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.16 No.5

In past decades, stretchable conductors have been investigated for a wide range of applications, and the operation strain rangeof such devices varies by application. To commercialize stretchable devices, it is necessary to optimize the deformation ofstretchable electrodes based on a given device elongation range. Therefore, we investigated the deformation mechanics ofa silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode on an elastomeric substrate depending on its junction treatment method. At low-strain(< 15%), a thermally annealed AgNW electrode showed more stable resistance than a laser-welded AgNW electrode. Conversely,at high strain (> 20%), the thermally annealed AgNW electrode rapidly increased in resistance, while the laser-weldedAgNW electrode showed lower resistivity change. By in situ surface analysis and a repetitive tensile test, we observed thatthe thermally annealed AgNW electrode shows less cracking at low strain but the laser-welded AgNW electrode exhibitsfracturing of individual nanowires at low strain. Furthermore, at high strain, laser-welded AgNWs could slide to reducestress during elongation, resulting in a smaller change in resistance compared to that of thermally annealed AgNW electrode. These results indicate that optimization of adhesion is necessary to fabricate stretchable devices based on deformation range.

아시아 지역 폐렴 구균의 항균제 내성 현황 및 변화 양상 : Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study

정숙인,김나영,손준성,기현균,고관수,서지연,장현하,김연숙,오원섭,백경란,이남용,송재훈,항생제 내성 감시를 위한 아시아 연합 (ANSORP) 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.1

목적 : 1980년대부터 페니실린을 비롯한 β-lactam 계열과 비 β-lactam 계열 항균제에 대한 폐렴구균의 항생제 내성이 급격하게 증가하여 국내 뿐 아니라 세계적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. ANSORP 에서는 아시아 지역에서 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성과 그 변화 추이, 내성의 기전 및 위험인자를 분석하고자 본 국제 공동 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1999년 11월부터 2001년 8월까지 아시아 지역 12개국의 14개 기관에서 폐렴구균 감염증 환자의 임상 검체로 분리된 침습성 폐렴구균을 대상으로 액체배지 미량희석법을 이용하여 16개 항생제의 MIC를 구하였다. 위험인자의 분석을 위하여 폐렴구균 감염증 환자를 대상으로 의무기록지를 조사하였다. Quellung 반응을 통해 혈청형을 결정하였다. 결과 : 총 685균주 중 52.4%가 페니실린에 대하여 비감수성(중등도 내성 22.9%, 내성 29.5%)을 보였고, 그 빈도는 베트남(92.1%), 스리랑카(85.7%), 홍콩(67.9%), 한국(64.5%)의 순이었다. Erythromycin에 대한 비감수성 비율은 베트남(92.1%), 대만(87.7%), 한국(80.6%), 홍콩(76.8%) 등에서 높게 나타났고, 베트남, 대만, 한국, 홍콩 등의 erythromycin의 MIC_(90)이 32㎍/mL를 넘는 고도내성을 보였다. 홍콩, 싱가포르, 대만, 인도에서는 fluoroquinolone에 대한 내성 균주가 출현하였다. 전체 균주 중 다제내성 균주의 비율은 47.7%였다. 혈청형은 19형과 23형이 가장 많았고, 그 외 6형, 14형 등이 있었다. 페니실린 비감수성 감염증의 위험인자로는 5세 미만(OR=1.7; 95%, CI, 1.2-2.4; P=0.002), 기관지폐질환(OR=2.0; 95%, CI, 1.3-3.1; P=0.003), 악성종양(OR=2.3; 95%, CI, 1.2-4.6; P=0.015), 스테로이드의 사용(OR=2.8; 95%, CI, 1.1-7.4; P=0.032)이 확인되었다. 결론 : 침습성 폐렴구균 균주를 대상으로 한 본 연구의 결과 아시아 국가들에서 페니실린, β-lactam 및 macrolide에 대한 폐렴구균의 내성률 및 내성 정도가 급증하고 있음을 확인하였다. Background : Emergence of pneumococcal resistance became a global issue since 1990s. According to the ANSORP studies with clinical isolates and carriage isolates between 1996 and 1999, some Asian countries showed alarmingly high prevalence of resistance to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. To investigate the changing trends of pneumococcal resistance, ANSORP study group has performed a multinational surveillance study with invasive pneumococcal isolates from Asian countries. Methods : All isolates from various invasive pneumococcal diseases were prospectively collected from 14 centers in 12 countries between November 1999 to August 2001. Broth microdilution tests with 16 antimicrobial agents were performed according to the NCCLS procedures. Serotyping was performed by means of Quelling reaction with use of group-specific antisera. Results : A total of 685 isolates were collected. Overall, 52.4% of invasive isolates from Asian countries were not susceptible to penicillin (intermediate (1), 22.9%, Resistant (R), 29.5%). Vietnam showed the highest prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility (1 20.6%, R 71.4%) followed by Sri Lanka (1 71.4%, R 14.3%), Hong Kong (1 24.1%, R 76%) and Korea (1 9.7%, R 54.8%). China (I 19.8%, R 23.4%) and Malaysia (1 9.1%, R 29.5%) also showed remarkable increase in penicillin resistance compared with previous ANSORP data, which were less than 10%. Vietnam (92.1%), Taiwan (87.7%), Korea (80.6%), and Hong Kong (76.8%) showed high prevalence of erythromycin resistance. MIG_(90)S for ciprofloxacin were 4 ㎍/mL (Hong Kong) and 2 ㎍/mL (11 Asian countries except Hong Kong), respectively. Conclusion : Compared with previous data from ANSORP studies, antimicrobial resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates has markedly increased in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia. Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal resistance in Asia is strongly warranted.