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John R. GARNETT 한국과학사학회 2022 한국과학사학회지 Vol.44 No.2
In 1943, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) and Mexican government collaborated in the creation of the Mexican Agricultural Program (MAP) to boost the produc-tion of hybrid corn and wheat in Mexico. The MAP utilized a top down strategy in which it sought to provide largescale, affluent farmers with new seed technology to boost staple crop production intended for urban consumers that underpinned industrialization, principally in the middle- and upper-classes. The MAP’s wheat program served as the model for the Green Revolution in the Global South begin-ning in the 1960s, and policymakers and philanthropists continue to evoke it to-day as a successful effort to combat rural poverty despite mixed results. During the Green Revolution, farmers produced millions more tons of food us-ing semidwarf wheat seed technology which possessed short, stiff straw that al-lowed farmers to transcend the biological constraints of conventional wheat. In particular, this wheat prevented a problem called lodging which meant farmers could now apply massive amounts of inorganic fertilizers, the byproduct of natu-ral gas and oil production, to wheat fields. While the historiography of the Green Revolution credits the U.S. and RF with this innovation, the semidwarf character-istic derived from a Korean wheat seed technology that underwent protracted test-ing in Japan in the early twentieth century. Moreover, agrónomos, Mexican agri-cultural scientists, also played a prominent role in the MAP’s wheat breeding program which gave rise to the Green Revolution. In particular, the treatment of Mexico as an environmental laboratory gave rise to an innovative practice called shuttle breeding which revealed unique characteristics in wheat and allowed MAP scientists to produce universal wheat. Mexico’s environmental diversity meant a wheat that could grow widely in Mexico was easily adaptable around the world, especially the Global South.
Treatment of anterior open bites using non-extraction clear aligner therapy in adult patients
Suh Heeyeon,Garnett Bella Shen,Mahood Kimberly,Mahjoub Noor,Boyd Robert L.,Oh Heesoo 대한치과교정학회 2022 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.52 No.3
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and mechanism of clear aligner therapy for the correction of anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases. Methods: Sixty-nine adult patients with anterior open bite were enrolled and classified into Angle’s Class I, II, and III groups. Fifty patients presented with skeletal open bite (mandibular plane angle [MPA] ≥ 38°), whereas 19 presented with dental open bite. Fifteen cephalometric landmarks were identified before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. The magnitudes of planned and actual movements of the incisors and molars were calculated. Results: Positive overbite was achieved in 94% patients, with a mean final overbite of 1.1 ± 0.8 mm. The mean change in overbite was 3.3 ± 1.4 mm. With clear aligners alone, 0.36 ± 0.58 mm of maxillary molar intrusion was achieved. Compared with the Class I group, the Class II group showed greater maxillary molar intrusion and MPA reduction. The Class III group showed greater mandibular incisor extrusion with no significant vertical skeletal changes. Conclusions: Clear aligners can be effective in controlling the vertical dimension and correcting mild to moderate anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases. The treatment mechanism for Class III patients significantly differed from that for Class I and Class II patients. Maxillary incisor extrusion in patients with dental open bite and MPA reduction with mandibular incisor extrusion in patients with skeletal open bite are the most significant contributing factors for open bite closure.
Cerebral critical closing pressure in hydrocephalus patients undertaking infusion tests.
Varsos, Georgios V,Czosnyka, Marek,Smielewski, Peter,Garnett, Matthew R,Liu, Xiuyun,Kim, Dong-Joo,Donnelly, Joseph,Adams, Hadie,Pickard, John D,Czosnyka, Zofia Butterworths [etc.] 2015 Neurological research Vol.37 No.8
<P>Links between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compensation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) have been studied in many clinical scenarios. In hydrocephalus, disturbed CSF circulation seems to be a primary problem, having been linked to CBF disturbances, particularly in white matter close to surface of dilated ventricles. We studied possible correlations between cerebral haemodynamic indices using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and CSF compensatory dynamics assessed during infusion tests.</P>
Beam Dynamics in a Long-pulse Linear Induction Accelerator
Carl Ekdahl,E. O. Abeyta,P. Aragon,R. Archuleta,G. Cook,D. Dalmas,K. Esquibel,R. Gallegos,R. Garnett,J. Harrison,J. Johnson,E. Jacquez,B. Trent McCuistian,N. Montoya,S. Nath,K. Nielsen,D. Oro,C. Rose 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61
The second axis of the Dual Axis Radiography of Hydrodynamic Testing (DARHT) facility produces up to four radiographs within an interval of 1.6 microseconds. It accomplishes this by slicing four micro-pulses out of a long 1.8-kA, 16.5-MeV electron beam pulse and focusing them onto a bremsstrahlung converter target. The long beam pulse is created by a dispenser cathode diode and accelerated by the unique DARHT Axis-II linear induction accelerator (LIA). Beam motion in the accelerator would be a problem for radiography. High frequency motion, such as from beam breakup instability, would blur the individual spots. Low frequency motion, such as produced by pulsed power variation, would produce spot to spot differences. In this article, we describe these sources of beam motion, and the measures we have taken to minimize it.