http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Jeong Sook Kim ),( In Ok Lee ),( Kyung Jin Eoh ),( Young Shin Chung ),( Inha Lee ),( Jung-yun Lee ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sunghoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2017 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.60 No.2
Objective This study aimed to introduce a method to remove huge ovarian tumors (≥15 cm) intact with single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) using SW Kim`s technique and to compare the surgical outcomes with those of laparotomy. Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent either SPLS (n=21) with SW Kim`s technique using a specially designed 30×30-cm2-sized 3XL LapBag or laparotomy (n=22) for a huge ovarian tumor from December 2008 to May 2016. Perioperative surgical outcomes were compared. Results In 19/21 (90.5%) patients, SPLS was successfully performed without any tumor spillage or conversion to multi-port laparoscopy or laparotomy. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, including tumor diameter and total operation time, between both groups. The postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for the SPLS group than for the laparotomy group (median, 2 [1 to 5] vs. 4 [3 to 17] days; P<0.001). The number of postoperative general diet build-up days was also significantly shorter for the SPLS group (median, 1 [1 to 4] vs. 3 [2 to 16] days; P<0.001). Immediate post-operative pain score was lower in the SPLS group (median, 2.0 [0 to 8] vs. 4.0 [0 to 8]; P=0.045). Patient-controlled anesthesia was used less in the SPLS group (61.9% vs. 100%). Conclusion SPLS was successful in removing most large ovarian tumors without rupture and showed quicker recovery and less immediate post-operative pain in comparison to laparotomy. SPLS using SW Kim`s technique could be a feasible solution to removing huge ovarian tumors.
북한 도시 주거의 시기별 건축 계획 및 구조 체계에 관한 연구
김민아(Kim, Mina),정인하(Jung, Inha) 대한건축학회 2018 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.38 No.2
The way of construction in the architecture, mass housing and city in the socialist countries heavily depended on the preferences of rulers, and the same can be said in North Korea. Since the architectural policies of North Korea were influenced by the political inclination of rulers in each period and the political changes in socialist countries, especially in the U.S.S.R., these has showed distinct differences spanned the Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il and Kim Jung Eun Era. In the light of this background, this paper analyses architectural planning and construction system of urban residence in the North Korea classifying historical period into three Era: Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jung Eun.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adults With Turner Syndrome
Kim SunYoung,Kim Heeyon,Lee Inha,Choi Euna,Baek JinKyung,Lee Jaekyung,Kim Hae-Rim,Yun Bo Hyon,Choi Young Sik,Seo Seok Kyo 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.1
Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is a common chromosomal abnormality, which is caused by loss of all or part of one X chromosome. Hormone replacement therapy in TS is important in terms of puberty, growth and prevention of osteoporosis however, such a study has never been conducted in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine relationship between the starting age, duration of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in TS and develop a hormone replacement protocol suitable for the situation in Korea. Methods: This is retrospective study analyzed the medical records in TS patients treated at the Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea from 1997 to 2019. Total of 188 subjects who had received a bone density test at least once were included in the study. Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used for achieving bone mineral density (BMD) of normal control group. Student’s t-test, MannWhitney U test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0. Results: Each BMD measurement was significantly lower in women with TS than in healthy Korean women. Early start and longer duration of ERT is associated with higher lumbar spine BMD but not femur neck BMD. Femur neck BMD, but not lumbar spine BMD was significantly higher in women with mosaicism than 45XO group. Conclusion: Early onset and appropriate duration of hormone replacement therapy is important for increasing bone mineral density in patients with Turner syndrome. Also, ERT affects differently to TS patients according to mosaicism.
Kim, Inha,Park, Sung-Woo,Kim, Dong-Wan The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.45
<P>The major challenges related to the activity, stability, and cost of electrocatalysts are being increasingly raised to achieve highly efficient and cost-effective hydrogen generation. Herein, multiphase nanocomposites of W2C@WC1−x encapsulated within graphitic carbon layers were prepared <I>via</I> a facile and effective process of electrical explosion of wires and subsequent heat treatment to serve as a highly active and stable electrocatalyst without any noble metal for hydrogen generation. The single-phase comprising less than 15 nm WC1−x nanoparticles embedded in a lump of amorphous carbon were successfully synthesized <I>via</I> the EEW process in oleic acid used as a carbon source at room temperature. Subsequent heat treatment facilitates the desired phase transition of WC1−x to W2C without the formation of any secondary phases, maintaining the initial particle size and simultaneously eliminating excess amorphous carbon adhered to the nanoparticles. The few graphitic carbon layer-encapsulated nanoparticles with the main W2C phase prepared by this simple method exhibit high efficiency for hydrogen generation with a low overpotential of 240 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and a low Tafel slope of 86 mV dec<SUP>−1</SUP>. Moreover, the overpotential is well maintained at a constantly injected current density of 10 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> for 100 h with a low <I>η</I>100/<I>η</I>i value of 1.03 (<I>η</I>i: initial overpotential, <I>η</I>100: overpotential after 100 h), demonstrating superior catalytic stability in acidic media. This work proposes and evaluates a facile strategy for the synthesis of highly efficient electrocatalysts based on metal carbides without noble metals.</P>
Kim, Inhae,Lee, Heetak,Han, Seong Kyu,Kim, Sanguk Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS computational biology Vol.10 No.10
<▼1><P>The modular architecture of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks is evident in diverse species with a wide range of complexity. However, the molecular components that lead to the evolution of modularity in PPI networks have not been clearly identified. Here, we show that weak domain-linear motif interactions (DLIs) are more likely to connect different biological modules than strong domain-domain interactions (DDIs). This molecular division of labor is essential for the evolution of modularity in the complex PPI networks of diverse eukaryotic species. In particular, DLIs may compensate for the reduction in module boundaries that originate from increased connections between different modules in complex PPI networks. In addition, we show that the identification of biological modules can be greatly improved by including molecular characteristics of protein interactions. Our findings suggest that transient interactions have played a unique role in shaping the architecture and modularity of biological networks over the course of evolution.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Modular architecture is important for the evolution of cellular systems. Modular rearrangements facilitate functional innovations and modular insulations provide robustness to perturbations. However, molecular-level understanding of the mechanisms underlying modular network evolution is currently not well understood. Here we show that strong domain-domain interactions (DDIs) and weak domain-linear motif interactions (DLIs) made different contributions to the evolution of the modular architecture of PPI networks. Especially, DLIs mediate between-module interactions, and that their relative abundance has dramatically increased in metazoan species. Linear motifs have been identified as evolutionary interaction switches since subtle amino acid changes can cause the short sequences in linear motifs to appear and disappear. Our results suggest that subtle changes in linear motifs have contributed to the rewiring of functional modules and, consequently, to functional innovations in metazoan species.</P></▼2>
Rewiring of PDZ Domain-Ligand Interaction Network Contributed to Eukaryotic Evolution
Kim, Jinho,Kim, Inhae,Yang, Jae-Seong,Shin, Young-Eun,Hwang, Jihye,Park, Solip,Choi, Yoon Sup,Kim, Sanguk Public Library of Science 2012 PLoS genetics Vol.8 No.2
<▼1><P>PDZ domain-mediated interactions have greatly expanded during metazoan evolution, becoming important for controlling signal flow via the assembly of multiple signaling components. The evolutionary history of PDZ domain-mediated interactions has never been explored at the molecular level. It is of great interest to understand how PDZ domain-ligand interactions emerged and how they become rewired during evolution. Here, we constructed the first human PDZ domain-ligand interaction network (PDZNet) together with binding motif sequences and interaction strengths of ligands. PDZNet includes 1,213 interactions between 97 human PDZ proteins and 591 ligands that connect most PDZ protein-mediated interactions (98%) in a large single network via shared ligands. We examined the rewiring of PDZ domain-ligand interactions throughout eukaryotic evolution by tracing changes in the C-terminal binding motif sequences of the PDZ ligands. We found that interaction rewiring by sequence mutation frequently occurred throughout evolution, largely contributing to the growth of PDZNet. The rewiring of PDZ domain-ligand interactions provided an effective means of functional innovations in nervous system development. Our findings provide empirical evidence for a network evolution model that highlights the rewiring of interactions as a mechanism for the development of new protein functions. PDZNet will be a valuable resource to further characterize the organization of the PDZ domain-mediated signaling proteome.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Rewiring of interactions is a powerful tool for the evolution of organism complexity. Rewiring among preexisting proteins provides a simple mechanism for the development of new signaling circuits by redirecting information flows without a gain or loss of genes. Particularly, interactions mediated by short linear motifs can be easily changed by mutations during evolution, resulting in a rewiring of interactions. However, how interaction rewiring of linear motif interactions facilitates the emergence of new protein function during evolution is poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigated the rewiring of interactions mediated by PDZ domains, which are one of the most commonly found peptide recognition modules. We found that PDZ domain-ligand interactions are frequently rewired by C-terminal sequence mutations in PDZ ligands during evolution. Especially, rewiring of PDZ domain-ligand interactions was involved in neuronal function development, occurring concurrently with the emergence of vertebrates and suggesting that reorganization of signaling pathways by rewiring PDZ domain-ligand interactions significantly contributed to the evolution of nervous systems in vertebrates. Our findings highlight the rewiring of interactions as an effective means for functional innovation, providing new insight into eukaryotic evolution, which has not been fully explained by only the expansion of protein families.</P></▼2>