인터넷 해외 교육자료 가공을 위한 전략 : "에듀넷 해외교육자료" 개발 사례

이인숙 한국교육정보방송학회 1996 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.1 No.2

정보량의 증가와 지식의 변화가 가속화되고 사회계제가 극히 가변적인 시대에는, 일정한 시기에 학술을 한다는 패러다임에 기반을 둔 교육체제는 더 이상 그 역할을 다할 수 없게 되었다. 인터넷은 전통적 교실의 벽을 세계로 확장시킴으로써 새로운 교육체제의 창출을 위해 괄목할 만한 잠재력을 내포하고 있다. 인터넷 웹을 기반으로 개발, 제공되고 있는 에듀넷의 '해외교육자료'는 해외의 다양한 학습 자료와 아이디어를 언어 장애를 겪지 않고 활용할 수 있도록 지원하는 데 기본 목적을 두고 있다. 본 해외교육자료 개발 프로젝트는 유사한 환경과 목적 하에서 인터넷 상의 교육정보를 가공하여 활용하고자 하는 국가 및 기관들을 위해 다음과 같은 실천적 전략의 필요성을 인식시킨다: (1) 중·장기적인 개발 계획, (2) 웹의 동적인 본질에 대한 대응책, (3) 웹의 하이퍼텍스트적 특성에 대한 대응책, (4) 저작권 등록물 사용 허가 취득을 위한 관리체제의 운용, (5) 번역 자료의 질 관리를 위한 구체적인 계책. 이 해외교육자료 개발 사업은 세계 학습공동체의 창출 촉진과 교육적 웹페이지의 실천적 모형 제공이라는 측면에서 많은 가치를 지닌 것으로 보인다. 그러나 개발된 웹 기반의 교수학습 자료가 국내에서 주요한 교육적 전략으로서 충분한 역할을 할 수 있기까지는 상호작용적 커뮤니케이션을 위한 지원의 향상, 웹환경에 접근 가능한 인구의 확산, 자료의 지속적인 관리 등 아직 해결해야 할 숙제가 산재해 있다. Breakthroughs in science and technology have led an explosion in information. Social changes speeded by technological changes raise questions about the existing `formal education' paradigm. Traditionally people have attended school for most of their adolescent life in order to prepare for adult society. In this era of rapid change, however, educational systems based on this old paradigm can not work well anymore. The more social life becomes dependent on information and society becomes interrelated to information technology, the more needs for better education and continuous lifelong learning increase. In addition, recent cognitive research promotes further understanding of the nature of learners and learning, questioning the traditional instructional strategies. According to constructivist view point (Phillips, 1995; von Glaserfeld, 1989; Schon, 1987; Resnick, 1989; Wilson & Cole, 1991; Duffy & Jonassen, 1992) there is no single knowledge; each learner constructs his or her own meaningful and unique knowledge through social interaction and internal negotiation. In this perspective, learner-centered education is a center of educational practice. The Internet can promote learner-centered education by allowing learners to access a broad spectrum of information and data on-line at different locations. To date, however, most global resources on the Internet have rarely been of practical value to Korean schools and learning communities. They are in English or other commonly used foreign languages and reflect cultures and curriculum that are quite different from those of Korea. Due to those differences, the teachers and students have experienced difficulties accessing and using valuable global resources. Computer networking represented by the Internet has been transforming the existing image of learning spaces and places by expanding the walls of traditional classrooms. It has significant potentials for open, student-centered, and constructive learning environments (Lee, 1996a; Lee, 1996b). The Internet beats other telecommunication media for overcoming time and space limitation (Hezel & Dirr, 1990; Anderson, 1988; Shimabukuro, 1993). Communication through the net can be either `synchronous' or 'asynchronous'. It promotes fast and easy communication among people at a distance. Interactive learning through computer networking can be cost effective (Showalter, 1983). Most importantly an e-mail promotes communication among learners in group task processes (Henri, 1988; Hiltz, 1988; Shimabukuro, 1993). Computer networking provides socio-culturally diverse contexts and encourages 'discourses' (Hicks, 1995) by supporting social interactions among people at different locations. Computer networking allows users to access a broad spectrum of information and data on-line at different locations. Unlike traditional print materials, computer networking is an interactive environment in which ideas are constructed and developed through mutual interaction among participants. On computer networking, information and ideas move to users, instead users moving to them. Since this delivery is relatively economical and easy, appropriately established computer networking is an excellent medium to decrease 'isolation' which has been a deep-seated problem of teachers and students. The homepage developed in the current project (the Global Learning Resources development project) provides a variety of learning and instructional resources that were selected and slightly modified from resources on other web sites around the world. The resources embody lesson plans and learning/instructional resources in the primary subject areas at each school level. They consist of various media formats including text, image, graphic, audio, animation, and video. There are 207 resources listed in the homepage as of December 1996. Based on the experiences of the project, I suggest the following considerations for ensuring better quality service development. 1) Long-term development plans: A quick and short-term development approach may depreciate the service quality and eventually require additional efforts and expenses to recover it. It appears to take about 5-6 weeks in average to prepare a translated text version that will proceed to HTML file. 2) Appropriate responses to evolutionary and dynamic features of the Web: Most webpages tend to change. Modification or elimination of contents and structures in original web sites potentially provide serious problems: time and financial loss. Considering the long cycle of selection and translation, one of the most realistic solutions seems to be downloading all the materials and the design structure right after obtaining permissions from original copyright owners and then creating Korean web resources using those materials. 3) Appropriate responses to interactive features of the Web: Some web sites provide interactive services, not simply one-way information. In the long run, however, keeping interactive features in the local version through negotiations with related parties as well as technical supports should be considered. 4) Appropriate responses to obtain copyright release: It is a time-consuming and labor intensive process to obtain a copyright. Since many web sites do not clearly show copyright owners' contact information, it is often hard to track them down. In some cases, there are multiple rights owners for one web site. Even for the resources which obtain copyright release, there are various conditions requested for permission. 5) Appropriate responses to ensure quality translation: It is not easy to obtain translation with acceptable quality. Many subject matter experts, such as school teachers, lack advanced skills in English translation; expert translators do not have knowledge in specific subject areas. The quality of any resources, however, will primarily depend on the quality of translation. Therefore, we need to establish a management system that will ensure cooperation of experts in subject and translation. The front-end experiences of this project will function as a stepping stone to designing and operating a successful webbed global learning resource system. However, there is a long way to go before the Web can fully serve as a major tool for building global educational communities in Korea. Specifically, support for interactive communications is woefully underdeveloped and the majority of the Korean population do not have access to the Web environment due to technical or financial limitations.

Celay/In-Ceram, Conventional In-Ceram, Empress 2 전부도재관의 변연적합도에 관한 비교 연구

양재호,여인성,이선형,한중석,이재봉,Yang, Jae-Ho,Yeo, In-Sung,Lee, Sun-Hyung,Han, Jung-Suk,Lee, Jai-Bong 대한치과보철학회 2002 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.40 No.2

There have been many studies about marginal discrepancy of single restorations made by various systems and materials. But many of statistical inferences are not definite because of sample size, measurement number, measuring instruments. etc. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptations of the anterior single restorations made by different systems and to consider more desirable statistical methods in analysing the marginal fit. The in vitro marginal discrepancies of three different all-ceramic crown systems (Celay In-Ceram. Conventional In-Ceram. IPS Empress 2 layering technique) and one control group (PFM) were evaluated and compared. The crowns were made from one extracted maxillary central incisor prepared with a 1mm shoulder margin and $6^{\circ}$ taper walls by milling machine. 10 crowns per each system were fabricated. Measurements or a crown were recorded at 50 points that were randomly selected for marginal gap evaluation. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1 Mean gap dimensions and standard deviations at the marginal opening for the maxillary incisor crowns were $98.2{\pm}40.6{\mu}m$ for PFM, $83.5{\pm}18.7{\mu}m$ for Celay In-Ceram, $104.9{\pm}44.1{\mu}m$ for conventional In-Ceram, and $45.5{\pm}11.5{\mu}m$ for IPS Empress 2 layering technique. The IPS Empress 2 system showed the smallest marginal gap (P<0.05). The marginal openings of the other three groups were not significantly different (P<0.05). 2 The marginal discrepancies found in this study were all within clinically acceptable standards ($100\sim150{\mu}m$). 3. When the variable is so controlled that the system may be the only one, mean value is interpreted to be the marginal discrepancy of a restoration which is made by each system and standard deviation is to be technique-sensitivity of each one. 4. From the standard deviations. the copy-milling technique (Celay/In-Ceram) was not considered to be technique-sensitive in comparison with other methods. 5. Parametric analysis is more reliable than non-parametric one in interpretation of the mean and standard deviation. The sample size of each group has to be more than 30 to use parametric statistics. The level of clinically acceptable marginal fit has not been established. Further studies are needed.

Engineering of AlON interlayer in Al₂O₃/AlON/In_0.53Ga_0.47As gate stacks by thermal atomic layer deposition

Lee, Woo Chul,Cho, Cheol Jin,Park, Suk-In,Jun, Dong-Hwan,Song, Jin Dong,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Kim, Seong Keun ELSEVIER 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.8

<P>The presence of an AlN interfacial layer in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks improves the interfacial properties and enhances the electrical performance of devices. However, pure AlN is rarely grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) because of the low reactivity of NH3 toward the common Al-precursor and the predisposition to oxidation of the grown AlN layer. Although a plasma-enhanced ALD technique significantly suppresses the oxygen content in the grown AlN layer, the deterioration of the interface properties by plasma-damage is a critical issue. In this work, an AlON interlayer was engineered by optimizing the NH3 feeding time in thermal ALD to improve the interface quality in Al2O3/AlON/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitors. It was determined that a mere increase in the NH3 feeding time during the ALD of the AlON film resulted in a higher nitrogen incorporation into the AlON interlayer, leading to a reduction in the interface trap density. Furthermore, the out-diffusion of elements from the In0.53Ga0.47As layer was effectively suppressed by increasing the NH3 feeding time. This work demonstrates that simple process optimization can improve the interface quality in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks without the use of any plasma-activated nitrogen source.</P>

한국 집단치료의 역사와 현황 : 정신과 영역에서 실시되어 온 집단치료를 중심으로

이후경,윤성철,김선재,백인석,이연수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 집단치료에는 집단정신치료와 싸이코드라마를 비롯하여 활동치료에 해당하는 작업치료와 치료레크리에이션, 예술치료에 해당하는 음악, 미술, 무용, 연극치료 등 다양한 유형이 포함된다. 이러한 집단치료는 입원환자를 위해 오래 전부터 사용되어 왔으며, 최근 정신보건법 시행 이후 정신질환자 관리를 위해 대부분의 낮병원, 정신보건센터에서 활발하게 실시되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서 집단치료에 대한 연구가 매우 적고, 기본적인 실태조사가 되어 있지 않으며, 정신과 의사들의 관심이 부족한 상태이다. 그러므로 본 저자들은 1)문헌고찰을 통해 집단치료의 역사를 파악하고, 2) 현재 전국적으로 집단치료가 실시되고 있는 현황을 조사하여, 3) 집단치료가 정신질환자의 치료 및 관리를 위해 더 활성화될 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 조사대상은 대한신경정신의학회 97년 연보를 참조하여 수련병원, 종합병원, 정신병원, 입원병상이 있는 의원, 입원병상이 없는 의원, 낮병원, 정신보건센터로 나누어 random sampling을 하였다. 집단치료의 실시현황에 대한 내용(집단치료의 실시현황, 집단정신치료의 현황, 싸이코드라마의 현황, 주치료장의 현황, 보조치료자의 현황, 치료시간, 치료회수, 집단구성원의 크기)은 전화로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 집단치료가 전체기관에서 시행되고 있는 비율(%)에 따라 순서대로 나열해보면, 예술치료(30.9%), 활동치료(28.4%), 집단정신치료(27.2%), 기타치료(24.1%), 대집단치료(23.2%)의 순으로 시행되고 있고, 싸이코드라마(10.9%)가 가장 적게 시행되고 있다. 집단정신치료는 입원환자(61.6%)를 대상으로 진단별로 보면 혼합집단(51.4%), 유형별로 살펴보면 일반집단(83.2%)으로 가장 많이 시행되고 있다. 싸이코드라마는 입원환자(65.3%)를 대상으로, 진단별로 보면 혼합집단(69.4%)으로 가장 많이 시행되고 있다. 주치료자에 있어서 집단정신치료는 전문의(31.1%), 사회사업가(29.5%), 싸이코드라마는 전문의(36.1%),사회사업가(36.1%)가 같은 비율로 맡고 있고, 보조치료자에 있어서 집단정신치료는 간호사(40.8%), 싸이코드라마는 사회사업가(25.9%), 자원봉사자(23.5%)가 맡고 있다. 각 집단치료 시간에 있어서 집단정신치료는 60분 내외, 싸이코드라마는 120분 내외로 진행되는 경우가 가장 많고, 각 집단치료의 빈도로는 한 주에 한 번 진행되는 경우가 가장 많다. 집단구성원의 크기(참여 인원 수)에 있어서 싸이코드라마는 26.0명(±17.8), 집단정신치료는 11.0명(±5.8)으로 구성되어 있다. 입원실이 있는 경우(83.6%)에 입원실이 없는 경우(2.2%)보다 압도적으로 높게 집단치료가 시행되고 있다. 결 론 : 집단치료는 많은 병원에서 시행되고 있으며, 정신과 치료의 중요부분으로 자리잡고 있다. 그러나 정신과 전문의가 시행되는 경우가 적었으며, 외래에서 시행되는 경우는 매우 적었다. 집단치료의 중요성에 대한 인식과 이에 대한 전문적인 교육이 요구되며, 외래치료에서 집단치료가 활성화될 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : A group therapy includes various types : group psychotherapy, psychodrama, activity therapy including occupational therapy as well as recreation therapy, art therapy of drawing, music, dancing and drama. It has long been in use for in-patients, and became more trendy at day hospitals and community mental health centers after the enactment of a mental health law. It was surprising that a few researches have been made in the field, including a basic fact finding and that a few Korean psychiatrists have been inclined toward it. Meanwhile, we finished a research work on ; how a group therapy has been conducted so far, its current status across the country, possibly the best way to heal, and deal with, psychiatric patients. Methods : The 1997 annual report by Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, has been available for random sampling in the following categories ; training hospital, general hospital, psychiatric hospital, clinic with admissions, day hospital, community mental health center. Telephone polls were conducted on contents of frequency and status of a group therapy available with psychodrama, main therapists, co-therapists, duration & times of therapy, size of group therapy recipients etc. Results : The group therapy is broken down into the order of percentage ; Art therapy(30.9%), Activity therapy(28.4%), Group psychotherapy(27.2%), Others(24.1%), Large group therapy(23.2%), with the psychodrama(10.9) least of all. Against in-patients(61.6%), the group psychotherapy shows its greatest diagnosis for a combined group(51.4%), and finds its biggest type in a general group(83.2%), Against in-patients(65.3%), the psychodrama diagnosis is mostly conducted for a combined group(69.4%) For a main therapist, the group psychotherapy is taken care of by boardmen(31.1%), and social workers(29.5%), while psychodrama by psychiatric boardmen(36.1%), and social workers(36.1%). On the other hand, for a co-therapist, the group psychotherapy is done by nurse(40.8%), while psychodrama by social workers(25.9%), and volunteers(23.5%). At a time most group psychotherapies takes some 60 minutes, psychodrama 120 minutes. Group therapies take place each once a week. Its participation amounts to 26.0(±17.8) for a psychodrama, and to 11.0(±5.8) for a group psychotherapy. Clinics with admission rooms(83.6%), exceedingly enjoy more group therapy than ones without(2.2%). Conclusions : The group therapy is run at most hospitals as the main part ofa psychiatric treatment. However, the job has been undertaken on a small scale by outpatient clinics as well as psychiatric boardmen. Therefore, more attention is urged toward a group therapy, its professional training, plus its more brisk business at outpatient clinics.

써키트 웨이트트레이닝이 여자고등학생의 근력에 미치는 효과

이석인,이상연 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1999 體育硏究 Vol.- No.12

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of muscular strength strengthening training with circuit weight training for female high school student in Seoul. The healthy 20 female students from "k" high school in Seoul are selected as subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups of ten(group 1 for 3 circuit and group 2 for 4 circuit) and participated in 12 weeks circuit weight training program. Bowlers trained for 12 weeks : Monday, wednessday, friday. During each workout following lifting are used : bench press, arm curl machine, standing press, long pull machine, lying triceps extension, sit-up, leg press, twist machine. The conclusion were as follows ; 1. Change of body weight and % Fat strength before and after training. Body weight and % Fat significantly(P<0.05) decreased than before training, and the decrease rate was higher in G-2 than G-1. 2. Change of hand grip before and after training. Hand grip significantly(P<0.05) increased in right and left than before training and the increase rate was higher in G-2 than G-1. 3. Change of backmuscle strength and bench press before and after training. Backmuscle strength and bench press significantly(P<0.05) increased than before training and the increase rate was higher in G-2 than G-1. 4. Change of leg press and sit-up before and after training. Leg press and sit-up significantly increased(P<0.05) than before training and the increase rate was higher in G-2 than G-1.

향후 10년 후 스포츠 클럽의 장래 예측에 관한 연구

이석인,김필승 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2003 體育硏究 Vol.- No.18

Since 1990s, Korea has been developing surprisingly the area of the sports club and now the area is a state of almost bringing to completion. Many researchers, engaged men in the business, and the club members related with sports club have gotten interested with the following questions. When is the sports club going to hold its development? When will be the state of the top? Besides the sports business environment with the sports club which is grown up is very different from those of the past Its part is also very necessary to a variety of marketing activities not only for promoting to keep and increase the members of the sports club, but also for competing intensively. This kind of changes in the market environment has been different according to no vacancy resulted in the increase of the sports club’s members, the changes of the customers’ consciousness, the demand increase of the outdoor sports activities progressing from the past indoor sports, the increase of spare time because of working five days a week, and participation in the sports activities according to making use of people’s spar time. Unfortunately national market environment of the sports club has been declined due to the uncertain market environment throughout domestic and foreign countries, a war between the U.S.A. and Iraq, and the nuclear crisis of the North Korea. However crisis is the very opportunity. It is time to make a new market paradigm in order to live in the difficult situations, preparing to equip some facilities and tools for sports club, developing more competitive programs, offering services for customer satisfaction. In the study, in the target for the managers of the sports club and executives, some research was carried out previously anticipated prospects and future sports club’s positive changes in order to survive as a competitive sports club which is for anticipating the environment of the sports club more exactly and for preparing those situations.

한국 전통음악의 오선보화 작업에 대한 반성적 접근 : 가곡 오선 악보를 중심으로 focusing on kagok notation

이인숙 한국음악사학회 2002 韓國音樂史學報 Vol.29 No.-

Korean traditional music written in jo˘ngganbo notation system was transcribed into western staff notation for the first time in 1930. This aimed to introduce Korean traditional music to foreign countries. In 1940, Kim Ki-soo, a Korean traditional musical composer, composed a new kagok song hwanghwa manyoungjigok in western staff notation. Today staff notation dominates Korean traditional musical society such as in education, performance, composition and even analysis. On the other hand jo˘ngganbo notation is used only for the performances of the Korean traditional classical music. However, this critical transition has scarcely been evaluated or criticized by Korean scholars even though it has caused many problems : 1. Notational mistakes, from the first generation who tried to transcribe traditional music into the staff notation are still used today. 2. Korean traditional music was distorted though the staff notation. 3. Characteristics of Korean music were compromised by composers because of the notational limits of the staff notation. In this paper, the notational problems of Korean traditional music will be explored by examining practical scores which were written on staff notation. To do this, six different pieces that represent five different areas (analysis, performance, education, composition and a foreigners transcription) are selected from kagok. This is because kagok is the most typical genre and whose notational styles both use jo˘ngganbo and staff notation. The selected pieces are examples only, but illustrate a situation which occurs across all Korean traditional music genre. Notational mistakes and the degree of distortion in staff notation, compared with the pieces as they in the original notation, are examined. The impact of the notational system on compositional style, will be considered in new kagok songs as well. In conclusion, the need for new notation of Korean traditional music will be emphasized in the paper.

유산소운동이 정신장애인의 신체조성, 체력, 폐활량에 미치는 영향

이석인,이의수 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of this study is to find out what effects aerobic exercise has on the body formation and physical strength of people suffering from schizophrenia, [n order to do so, we conducted an experiment, in which we selected seven men and seven women from the thirties to sixties who were diagnosed with schizophrenia by their physicians in S mental hospital in Seoul, Afterward, we had those people do aerobic exercise and analyzed the change in body formation, physical strength, and breathing capacity, Followings are the result of our experiment. 1. Although there was a slight decline in Body Mass Index (BMI) of both the group of men and women, it was not a significant difference statistically. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant change in the density of body and the account of body fat of both the group of men and women(p<.05). 2. There was a slight increase in abdominal muscle power of both the group of men and women, which was not a statistically significant difference. As for Trunk Flexion that indicates flexibility, the group of women showed a significant increase (p<.05), whereas the group of men did not show a significant difference, although there was a slight increase, Concerning Whole Body Response that indicates agility, both men and women showed a significant increase(p<.05). 3. Considering Functional Vital Capacity (FVC), while the group of women showed a significant increase (p<.05), the group of mere did not show a statistically significant difference despite a slight increase, There was a significant increase in %FVC of both men and women (p<.05), and regarding Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1.0), there was a slight increase of both the group of men and women, which was statistically not a significant change.

골퍼의 기능수준에 따른 운동상해요인 비교 분석

이석인,박봉섭,김재훈 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study is to provide professional and amateur golfers with the basic guide to prevent injuries when playing golf. In order for that, the researcher has first researched the individual background of golfers and the parts, forms, and causes of injuries that they have according to their level of function. And also the researcher has taken a survey from professional and amateur golfers living in Seoul, Kyung-gi, and In-cheon in 2003. In order to compare and analyse these information gathered from each golfers about the injuries, questionnaires have been arranged on the basis of the studies of Batt(1992), Lee(1996), Roh(1996), Lee(1997), and Park(1998), Lee(2002). The appropriateness and validity of the contents of these questionnaires were verified after taking a preliminary test choosing each 20 of the professional and amateur golfers. Therefore, this source of questionnaires is believable with its high reliability. The statistic method in this study is frequency Analysis and x test. The results are as the followings. Injuries occur more to professional golfers than amateur golfers. And also they often have the skin injury and muscular injury because of the pressure they get to win the game doing over-exercise.

써키트 웨이트트레이닝이 體格, 身體構成, 心拍數 및 筋方向上에 미치는 影響

李錫仁 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1990 體育硏究 Vol.- No.3

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of 10 weeks circuit weight training (C. W. T). The 45 healthy male students of J university in Seoul are randomly selected as subjects. The procedure of this experiment are as follows. 45 subjects are divided into three groups : G-1 (C. W. T., 3 times), G-2 (C. W. T., 4 times), G-3(W, T). All three groups trained for 10 weeks ; Monday, Wednesday, Friday. During each work-out following lifts are used ; bench press, barbell biceps curl, standing press, squat, lat pull-down, lying triceps extension, pull-up, sit-up. Each training time is about 40 minutes. The conclusion were as follows ; 1. thigh girth did not increase significantly in G-1 but G-2 (1.16㎝) and G-3 (1.67㎝) increased significantly (p<0.05). Waist girth did not decrease significantly in G-2 and G-3 but G-1 (-1.24㎝) decreased significantly (p<0.05). Chest girth did not increase significantly in G-1 but G-2 (-1.53㎝) and (2.14㎝) increased significantly(p<0.05). Bicep girth did not increase significantly in G-1 but G-2(1.02㎝) and G-3(1.21㎝) increase significantly(p<0.05). Thigh girth did not increase significantly in G-1 but G-2(1.16㎝) and G-3(1.67㎝) increased significantly(p<0.05). Wasist girth did not decrease significantly in G-2 and G-3 but G-1(-1.24㎝) decreased significantly(p<0.05). 2. Body composition measure results of before and after training. % fat and body fat did not decrease significantly in all three groups and lean body mass increased significantly(p<0.05) only in G-3(2.17㎏). 3. Heart rate measure results of before and after training. Rest heart rate did not decrease significantly in G-3 but G-1(-5.02beats/min) and G-2(-3.51 beats/min) decreased significantly(p<0.001). 4. Strength measure results of before and after training Grip strength, back strength, bench press, squat increased significantly(p<0.001) in all three groups.