레저스포츠 참여와 여가만족의 관계

김용인,정갑석,장호중,김정묵,정석현 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in leisure sport activities of leisure satisfaction. To accomplish this research purpose, there were two research questions; Firstly, Is there difference on leisure satisfaction according to the participation in leisure sport activities?, Secondly Will the degree of participation in leasure sport activities influence the leisure satisfaction? The population for this study was participants in Leisure sports activity program located in Seoul. The final 227 responses (participation 163, non-participation 114), collected by cluster random selecting method, were used in the data analysis procedure. The items for measuring leisure satisfaction were largely based on Lee(1992)s study, and the degree of participation in leisure sport activities was measured by the period and frequence of participation. To analyze the final data (277), the reliability analysis, analysis of covariance, multiple classification analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used. The conclusions for this study were as followings; Firstly, leisure satisfaction is partially different by participation yes or no of the leisure sports activity. That is, leisure satisfaction is higher participation of leisure sports activity than non-participation Secondly, leisure satisfaction is partially influence by the participation of degree of leisure sports. That is, period and frequence are influence on leisure satisfaction.

조류 도입에 의한 가로수 체계 선호도 분석

박인환,김영희,장갑수,정보광,김태호 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 2007 慶北大農學誌 Vol.25 No.-

This research to streets at Daegu, and view adjective how people react when draw a bird into interior in city utilize and examine becoming direction of street trees system. Findings on survey, citizens appear by average 2.87 in management degree of street trees and average 2.76 in various of species of trees, discontent thing more or less by average 2.91 in satisfaction of the beauty, and demonstrate high shame from satisfaction for season stuff to comparative high 3.24, generally, citizens appear by there are parts to improve by do dissatisfaction about street trees system at Daegu. Also, street trees 2 lines plantings for a bird is average 3.05, shows affirmative feedback about that shrub utilization for a bird see high numerical value by average 3.4 and people draw a bird to space of city. Therefore, construct street trees friendly to the nature and be considered to need to re-establish set street trees environment in citizens preference to recover city ecosystem. As result that examine reaction which treat in street trees planting programs to draw birds into city through view adjective, Likert scales about 2 lines plantings of street trees and additional planting of shrub show affirmative feedback by average 3.4 both ordinary people and specialist group, if people want to draw birds into city by various of method, various research should be accomplished.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

비만인에서 체중 감소가 당질 및 지질 대사에 미치는 영향

허갑범 ( Heo Gab Beom ),정윤석 ( Jeong Yun Seog ),박석원 ( Park Seog Won ),이현철 ( Lee Hyeon Cheol ),임승길 ( Im Seung Gil ),이영해 ( Lee Yeong Hae ),이종호 ( Lee Jong Ho ),백인경 ( Baeg In Gyeong ),박유경 ( Park Yu Gyeong ),이 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.4

연구배경 : 비만증 치료의 중요한 목적은 체중을 감소시키고 감소된 체중을 유지하는 것이다. 본 연구는 비만인에게 식이, 운동 및 행동요법을 포함하는 체중조절 프로그램을 시행하여, 체중감소가 당질 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 방법 : 건강한 중년의 과체중 및 비만인 여성 30예와 남성 9예가 6개월간의 체중조절 프로그램에 참여하였다. 체중조절 프로그램을 시작하기 전과 시작한 후 6개월에 인체계측과 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 통한 내장지방, 피하지방 면적 등을 측정하였다. 내당능 검사를 시행하여 포도당, 인슐린, C-peptide, 유리지방산 농도를 분석하였으며 중성지방, LDL, HDI, total 콜레스테롤도 측정하였다. 결과 : 체중조절 프로그램에 참여 전보다 6개월 후에 여성 3.9 kg, 남성 4.1 kg의 체중 감소를 보여주었다. 경미한 체중감소는 혈청 LDL과 총 콜레스테롤을 여성과 남성 모두에서 23 내지 48% 감소시켰으며, HDL과 총 콜레스테롤 비율을 50 내지 130% 증가시켰다. 여성과 남성 모두 연구 시작시에 총 복부지방 면적은 유의한 차이는 없었으나 여성의 경우 피하형 비만이었던 반면에 남성의 경우는 내장형 비만을 보였다. 체중조절 프로그램 참여 전에 여성과 비교하여 남성에서 혈청 중성지방, 유리지방산과 인슐린 면적들이 증가되어 있었다. 체중 감소시에 총 복부지방 면적이 여성과 남성 모두에서 유의한 감소를 보였으며 특히 내장지방 면적은 남성에서 유의하게 감소되었다. 남성의 경우 내장지방의 감소가 유리지방산을 감소시켰으며, 유리지방산의 감소는 중성지방을 49%, 인슐린 면적을 56% 감소시켜 주었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 비만인들에서 보여지는 비정상적인 혈청 지질과 지단백은 경미한 체중 감소시에 정상화되어서 심혈관질환의 유병율을 감소시킬 수 있으리라는 것을 예측할 수 있었다. 또한 6개월이라는 장기간에 거린 올바른 식품선택 방법과 운동법을 교육함으로써 비만인들에게 올바른 체중조절법을 습관화시켜 주어 감소된 체중을 유지하는데 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. Background: The purpose of obesity treatment is to attain optimal body weight and to maintain weight loss. We determined the effects of weight loss with a program including dietary education, exercise and behavioral modification of lifestyle on obese subjects. Methods: Middle-aged obese women (n=30) and men (n=9) participated in a 6-month weight-management program. Anthropometric parameters and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas at the umbilical level were determined before and after weight loss. Serum levels of lipids and response areas of glucose, C-peptide, insulin and free fatty acid(FFA) during oral glucose tolerance test were determined. Results: Body weight fell and average of 3.9 kg(6.3) in women and 4.1 kg (5.4%) in men. Modest weight loss showed a 23 to 48% decrease in the levels of serum LDL and total colesteorl and a 50 to 130% increase in the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol in all subjects. Although intraabdominal total fat area of females before weight loss was not different from males, females showed subcutaneous-type obesity and males visceral-type obesity. Compared with females, males before weight loss showed and increase in the levels of triglyceride, FFA and insulin. Although weight loss caused a decrease in intraabdominal total fat area in all subjects, a significant decrease in visceral fat area was only shown in men. Decreased visceral fat in males lowered FFA level and decreased FFA level lowered serum triglyceride level (49%) and response area of insulin (56%) in men. Conclusion: The results suggest that modest weight reduction through a weight management program can be viable approach to help normalize plasma lipids and lipoproteins in obese individuals. Modest and gradual weight loss can also help obese individuals succeed in the difficult task of losing weight and maintaining this substantial weight loss.

Analysis of Changes in the Total Lymphocyte and Eosinophil Countduring Immunotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma:Correlation with Response and Survival

In Gab Jeong,Kyung Seok Han,Jae Young Joung,Woo Suk Choi,Seung-Sik Hwang,Seung Ok Yang,Ho Kyung Seo,정진수,Kang Hyun Lee 대한의학회 2007 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.22 No.S

The aims of this study were to analyze lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in consecutive peripheral blood samples taken during immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and to correlate the findings with objective response and survival. A total of 40 patients with mRCC who received immunotherapy with interleukin- 2, interferon- , and 5-fluorouracil were analyzed. Objective responses were observed in 14 patients, including 2 (5%) who showed a complete response (CR) and 12 (30%) who showed a partial response (PR). Eleven patients (27%) achieved stable disease (SD), and 15 patients (38%) had progressive disease (PD). Changes from baseline in the total lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in the responding patients (CR+PR+SD) than in the non-responding patients (PD) (p=0.017), but no difference was seen in the total eosinophil counts (p=0.275). Univariate analysis identified the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (p=0.017), the presence of a primary renal tumor (p<0.001) and the peripheral lymphocyte counts at week 4 (p=0.034) as prognostic factors, but a low ECOG performance status (p=0.003) and the presence of a primary renal tumor (p=0.001) were identified as independent poor prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. This study provides further evidence that changes in blood lymphocyte counts may serve as an objective indicator of objective responses.

Analysis of Changes in the Total Lymphocyte and Eosinophil Count during Immunotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Correlation with Response and Survival

Jeong, In Gab,Han, Kyung Seok,Joung, Jae Young,Choi, Woo Suk,Hwang, Seung-Sik,Yang, Seung Ok,Seo, Ho Kyung,Chung, Jinsoo,Lee, Kang Hyun The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2007 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.22 No.suppl

<P>The aims of this study were to analyze lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in consecutive peripheral blood samples taken during immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and to correlate the findings with objective response and survival. A total of 40 patients with mRCC who received immunotherapy with interleukin-2, interferon-α, and 5-fluorouracil were analyzed. Objective responses were observed in 14 patients, including 2 (5%) who showed a complete response (CR) and 12 (30%) who showed a partial response (PR). Eleven patients (27%) achieved stable disease (SD), and 15 patients (38%) had progressive disease (PD). Changes from baseline in the total lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in the responding patients (CR+PR+SD) than in the non-responding patients (PD) (<I>p</I>=0.017), but no difference was seen in the total eosinophil counts (<I>p</I>=0.275). Univariate analysis identified the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (<I>p</I>=0.017), the presence of a primary renal tumor (<I>p</I><0.001) and the peripheral lymphocyte counts at week 4 (<I>p</I>=0.034) as prognostic factors, but a low ECOG performance status (<I>p</I>=0.003) and the presence of a primary renal tumor (<I>p</I>=0.001) were identified as independent poor prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. This study provides further evidence that changes in blood lymphocyte counts may serve as an objective indicator of objective responses.</P>

Age at Diagnosis is an Independent Predictor of Small Renal Cell Carcinoma Recurrence-Free Survival

Jeong, In Gab,Yoo, Chang Hee,Song, Kanghyon,Park, Jinsung,Cho, Yong Mee,Song, Cheryn,Hong, Jun Hyuk,Ahn, Hanjong,Kim, Choung-Soo Elsevier 2009 The Journal of urology Vol.182 No.2

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Controversy exists as to the influence of age at diagnosis on prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. We investigated the relationship between age at diagnosis and disease recurrence after surgery in patients with small renal cell carcinoma.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Of the 1,196 patients who underwent curative surgery for renal cell carcinoma between 1989 and 2005 at our institution 490 with renal cell carcinoma 4 cm or less were included in our study. Patients were stratified into 3 subgroups according to age at diagnosis, including 40 years or less in 93, 41 to 60 years in 253 and greater than 60 years in 144. Clinical and pathological variables at diagnosis were compared and survival analysis was performed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 17 patients (3.5%) experienced disease recurrence and 9 (1.8%) died of metastatic renal cell carcinoma during followup. Higher Fuhrman nuclear grade was associated with older age at diagnosis (p = 0.001). Histological subtypes were associated with age categories (p = 0.016). The overall recurrence-free survival rate was 97.2% and 92.4% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The 10-year recurrence-free survival rate was 100% for patients 40 years old or younger, 95.7% for those 41 to 60 years old and 79.0% for those older than 60 years (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that age at diagnosis and Fuhrman grade independently predicted recurrence-free survival (p = 0.027 and <0.001, respectively).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Age at diagnosis was an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival after curative surgical treatment in patients with small renal cell carcinoma. Our results suggest that older patients with small renal cell carcinoma should be more closely followed after surgery than younger patients.</P>

Trends in the Use of Chemotherapy before and after Radical Cystectomy in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in Korea

Kim, Sung Han,Seo, Ho Kyung,Shin, Hee Chul,Chang, Sung Ja,Yun, Sooin,Joo, Jungnam,Ku, Ja Hyeon,Kim, Hyung Suk,Jeon, Hwang Gyun,Jeong, Byong Chang,Jeong, In Gab,Kang, Seok Ho,Hong, Bumsik The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2015 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.30 No.8

<P>We investigated trends in perioperative chemotherapy use, and determined factors associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) use in Korean patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We recruited 1,324 patients who had MIBC without nodal invasion or metastases and had undergone radical cystectomies (RC) between 2003 and 2013. The study's cut-off time for AC was three months after surgery, and the study's timespan was divided into three periods based on NAC use, namely, 2003-2005, 2006-2009, and 2010-2013. Complete remission was defined as histologically confirmed T0N0M0 after RC. NAC and AC were administered to 7.3% and 18.1% of the patients, respectively. The median time interval between completing NAC and undergoing RC was 32 days and the mean number of cycles was 3.2. The median time interval between RC and AC was 43 days and the mean number of cycles was 4.1. Gemcitabine and cisplatin were most frequently used in combination for NAC (49.0%) and AC (74.9%). NAC use increased significantly from 4.6% between 2003 and 2005 to 8.4% between 2010 and 2013 (<I>P</I> < 0.05), but AC use did not increase. Only 1.9% of patients received NAC and AC. Complete remission after NAC was achieved in 12 patients (12.5%). Multivariable modeling revealed that an advanced age, the earliest time period analyzed, and clinical tumor stage ≤ cT2 bladder cancer were negatively associated with NAC use (<I>P</I> < 0.05). While NAC use has slowly increased over time, it remains an underutilized therapeutic approach in Korean clinical practice.</P>

인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자의 체지방 분포와 인슐린 저항성과의 상관성

허갑범 ( Heo Gab Beom ),김유리 ( Kim Yu Li ),안광진 ( An Gwang Jin ),정윤석 ( Jeong Yun Seog ),이은직 ( Lee Eun Jig ),임승길 ( Im Seung Gil ),김경래 ( Kim Gyeong Lae ),이현철 ( Lee Hyeon Cheol ),백인경 ( Baeg In Gyeong ),최미숙 ( 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.1

연구배경 : 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병은 고혈압, 관상동맥질환, 그리고 고지혈증과 흔히 동반되는데, 이들 질환의 특징은 말초조직에서 인슐린 자극에 의한 포도당의 이용율이 저하되는 인슐린 저항성이 공통분모로서 이들 질환의 발병에 중용한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 서구인과 비교할 때 비만증의 정도가 경하고 식사 습관상 지방의 섭취량이 적은 한국인 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자들에서 인슐린 저항성의 특징과 체지방 분포 양상과의 상관성을 살펴보았다. 방법 : 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병의 병력이 5년 미만이며 공복혈당이 150mg/dl 이하인 경중의 고혈당을 보이고 당뇨병의 합병증이 없는 환자로서 정상 체중군 6예와 과다 체중근 12예중 중심성 비만군 6예와 말초성 비만군 6예를 대상으로 식사 조사, 신체 계측, Futrex-5000에 의한 체지방량 측정, 복부와 대퇴 컴퓨터 단층 촬영, 경구 당부하 검사, 혈청 지질 측정, euglycemic hyperin-sulinemic glucose clamp study로 포도당 이용율을 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 중심성 비만군과 말초성 비만군의 평균 체중은 차이가 없었고 waist/hip ratio와 체지방량은 중심성 비만군이 말초성 비만군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 2) 컴퓨터 단층 촬영으로 측정한 내장 지방 면적은 비만군이 말초성 비만군에 비해 유의하게 넓었고 피하 지방 면적은 양군간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 경구 당부하 검사상 혈당 반응에는 세 군간에 차이가 없었고 경구 당부하후 120분의 혈장 C-peptide와 인슐린 농도는 중심성 비만군에서 말초성 비만군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 4) 포도당 이용율은 중심성 비만군과 말초성 비만군이 정상 체중군에 비해 유의헥 낮았으며 중심성 비만군이 말초성 비만군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 5) 포도당 이용율과 신체 계측치와의 상관성을 보면 전체 환자에서는 waist/hip ratio가 가장 높은 음의 상관 관계를 보였고, 과다 체중군에서는 waist/thigh ratio가 가장 높은 음의 상관 관계를 보였다. 6) 중심성 비만증이 심할수록 고인슐린혈중과 높은 혈중 유리지방산 농도를 보이고 이들에서 포도당 이용율이 낮아 인슐린 저항성은 증가하였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 한국인 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병환자의 인슐린 저항성을 결정하는데는 신장에 대한 체중이나 체지방량 자체보다는 체지방의 분포 양상이 중요한 역할을 하며, 특히 과다 체중환자에서는 적절한 식사와 운동에 의하여 신체의 체형을 변화시키는 것이 당질 및 지질 대사 장애를 개선함에 매우 중요할 것으로 생각한다. Background : The role of insulin resistance is known to be very important in the pathogenesis and clinical courses of human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease, and dyslipoproteinemia. Methods : To investigate the correlation between insulin resistance and the pattern of body fat distribution in Korean patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), dietary survey, anthropometry, CT scan, measurement of body fat by body composition analyzer, oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of glucose uptake rate by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique were performed in 6 normal weight patients and 12 overweight-obese NIDDM patients. Six of 12 overweight-obese patients are centrally obese with waist to hip circumference ratio : WHR?1 and 6 cases are peripherally obese with WHR<1. Results : 1) There was no difference between the mean body weigh of centrally obese patients and peripherally obese patients but WHR and body fat content of centrally obese patients were significantly higher than those of peripherally obese patients. 2) In the centrally obese patients visceral fat area measured by CT scan was significantly wider than in the peripherally obese patients but subcutaneous fat area was not different between the two groups. 3) Plasma glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance tests were not different among the three groups but plasma C-peptide and insulin levels at 2 hour after glucose load were significantly higher in centrally obese patients than in peripherally obese patients. 4) Glucose uptake rate (M/I ratio) of centrally obese patients was significantly lower than that of peripherally obese patients. 5) The WHR showed the highest negative correlation with M/I ratio in the all patients and waist thigh circumference ratio (WTR) showed the highest negative correlation with M/I ratio in overweight-obese patients. 6) Insulin area and fasting level of free fatty acid showed significant positive correlation with WHR and significant negative correlation with M/I ratio. Conclusion : It could be concluded that the pattern of body fat distribution rather than the relative body weight for height or body fat content has a greater role in determining the degree of insulin resistance in Korean patients with NIDDM. And further a change of the body configuration through adequate diet and exercise is highly recommended for overweight-obese NIDDM patients.

Anti-Cancer Effects of High-Purity Edible Sulfur on Immortalized and Malignant Human Oral Keratinocytes

Sang Im Lee,Jun Lee, Hwa,Jeong Lee,Jong Dae Park,Sun Kyung Lee,Young Gab Yun,Byung Hun Jeon,In Soo Ree,Eun Cheol Kim 대한구강악안면병리학회 2007 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Sulfur is commonly used in Asia as an herbal medicine to treat inflammation and cancer , a nd potent chemo preventi ve effects have been demons tra ted in various in vivo and in vitromodels for s ul fur-containing compounds found in natura l1y occurring product s. Here, we 1'eport the growth inhibitory and apoptosis-related effects of a n ewly developedhigh-puri ty edible sulfur(ES) on immo1'tali zed human o1'al ke1'atinocytes(IHOKs) and on oral cancer cells representing two stages of oral cancer (HN4‘ HN12) based on an 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2.5- diphe n yltetrazolium bromide(MTI) assay, Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, and nuclear staining. The puri ty of the ES used in thi s study was ve1'ified by high performance liquid chromatog1'aphy (HPLC) , ami no acid analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). ES inhibited the prolife1'ation of imrnortalized and ma lig nant o1'al kerati nocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manne1' FITC-Annex.in V staining, DNA fragmentation t esting. and Hoechst 33258 s taining revealed that ES inhibits cell growth via apoptosis. ES bl ocked cell-cycle prog1'ession at t he sub-Gl phase‘ wi th decreased expression of cyclins Dl, D2‘ and E, and their activating partn ers cdk2‘ cdk4‘ and cdkfì, and a concomitant induction of p53 and p21/WAF1. Furthe1'more, ES treatment in creased the cytosolic level of cytochrome c and resulted in caspase- 3 activation‘ and thi s effect was co1'1'elated with Bax up-regulation and Bcl-2 down-1'egulation Taken together‘ these data suggest that ES is a potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeut ic agent fo r oral ca ncer