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초등학교, 유치원, 어린이집에서의 교통안전교육 실태 비교
성은현,윤선화,정윤경 한국영유아보육학회 2002 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.31
This study aims to analyse the problems of the road safety education in Korea based on the survey results. 121 teachers(49 in the primary school, 43 in the kindergarten, 29 in the child care center) were asked to respond to the questionnaire consisting of the items such as frequency and materials of road safety education. The principal results of the survey are as follows. First, only 40% of teachers respect the rules on the road safety education frequency per year. Second, the most required educational material in every institution is the artificial equipment. Finally, road safety education in child care centers is poorer than others.
김현경 ( Hyun Gyung Kim ),김형우 ( Hyong Woo Kim ),김석환 ( Seok Hwan Kim ),윤유선 ( Yu Seon Yun ),이보희 ( Bo Hee Lee ),윤성로 ( Seong Ro Yoon ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ),윤선애 ( Sun Ae Yoon ),김영옥 ( Young Ok Kim ),원유동 ( Yoo 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.6
Purpose: Central venous stenosis or occlusion is commonly associated with placement of central venous catheters or devices. Although rare, central venous stenosis or occlusion may also develop without a history of previous central venous catheter placement. Here we report a case of central venous stenosis without a previous central catheter placement. A 76-year-old woman with hypertensive nephropathy was admitted due to deterioration of renal function. Tunneled cuffed catheter for hemodialysis was inserted in the right external jugular vein, and we intended to insert central venous catheter because of poorly functioning peripheral vein. But, left internal jugular vein was not cannulated. The patients had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and chest x-ray revealed extensive calcified lesions mainly in left upper lung. Venography and CT angiogram showed complete occlusion at the confluent point of the left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein, and left brachiocephalic vein by calcified lesion. The anterior cervical vein and jugular venous arch forming an anastomosis between the neck vein were marked dilated. The patient did not show any clinical symptoms and signs associated with central venous stenosis, and the central venous catheter functioned well, correction of central vein stenosis was not necessary. After the supportive care including temporary hemodialysis, the patient improved from renal dysfunction.
부신피질 결핵에 의한 Addison씨 병 환자에서 리팜핀 투여 후 혈액투석이 필요하였던 심한 고칼륨혈증
김현경 ( Hyun Gyung Kim ),윤유선 ( Yoo Sun Yoon ),김희언 ( Hee Hun Kim ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ),김병수 ( Byung Soo Kim ),윤선애 ( Sun Ae Yoon ),김영옥 ( Young Ok Kim ) 대한신장학회 2009 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.28 No.1
Rifampicin, a potent inducer of hepatic microsomal enzymes, increases metabolism of steroid hormone. Therefore, concurrent treatment of rifampicin and steroid may lead to decreased bioavailability and increased requirement of steroid hormone. Here we report a case of rifampicin-induced severe hyperkalemia requiring hemodialysis in a patient with Addison`s disease. A 52-year-old woman was admitted due to general weakness. She had been diagnosed with adrenal tuberculosis and consequent Addison`s disease and treated with rifampicin and physiologic dose of steroid. Blood chemistry showed 9.1 mEq/L of potassium and emergent hemodialysis was performed. With increment of dosage of steroid hormone and maintenance of the same dosage of rifampicin, potassium level was normalized.
임상 연구 : 한국인 혈액투석 환자에서 내경정맥의 해부학적 다양성에 대한 연구
김현경 ( Hyun Gyung Kim ),김형욱 ( Hyung Wook Kim ),윤성로 ( Seong Ro Yoon ),김병수 ( Byung Soo Kim ),송호철 ( Ho Cheol Song ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ),윤선애 ( Sun Ae Yoon ),김용수 ( Yong Soo Kim ),원유동 ( Yoo Dong Won ),김영옥 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.3
목적: 혈액투석 환자에서 내경정맥은 쇄골하정맥이나 대퇴정맥에 비해 협착증이나 감염 등의 합병증 발생 빈도가 낮아 혈액투석 도관 삽입 시 우선적으로 선택된다. 내경정맥은 대부분 경동맥의 전방향-외측방향 (anterior-lateral)에 위치하고 있으나 일부 환자에서 이와는 다른 부위에 위치하고 있어 도관 삽입 시 시술 실패나 합병증의 원인이 될 수 있다. 저자들은 혈액투석 환자를 대상으로 내경정맥의 해부학적 위치 변이에 대해 조사하였다. 방법: 2007년 1월부터 2009년 2월까지 가톨릭대학교 의정부성모병원에서 급성신부전 혹은 만성신부전으로 도플러 초음파 유도 하에 혈액투석용 내경정맥 도관을 삽입한 358명의 혈액투석 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 도플러 초음파 검사를 통해 양측 내경정맥의 해부학적 위치를 경동맥을 기준으로 하여 조사하였다. 해부학적 위치는 경동맥의 전방-정중앙 방향 (anterior), 전방-외측부 방향 (anterior-lateral), 전방-내측부 방향 (anterior-medial), 그리고 경동맥과 평행한 외측부 방향 (lateral)으로 분류하였다. 또한 혈액투석용 도관을 삽입하는데 부적합한 내경정맥을 조사하였다. 결과: 대상 환자 358명의 평균 연령은 57±15세 (14-88세)였고, 남/여 비는 203/155명이었다. 내경정맥이 경동맥의 전방-외측부 방향에 위치한 환자는 좌, 우측이 각각 68.2%, 74.6%이었다. 그 외 전방-정중앙 방향이 좌, 우측 각각 23.7 %, 21.2%, 전방-내측부 방향이 좌, 우측 각각 7.0%, 2.5%, 외측부방향이 좌, 우측 각각 1.1%, 1.7%였다. 좌측 내경정맥에서 크기가 작아 도관 삽입이 부적합한 경우는 23예 (6.4%)였고 폐쇄된 경우는 없었다. 우측 내경정맥에서 도관 삽입이 부적합한 경우는 10예 (2.8%)로서 크기가 작은 경우 5예 (1.4 %), 폐쇄된 경우 5예 (1.4%)이었다. 결론: 한국인 혈액투석 환자의 약 1/3에서 내경정맥이 경동맥의 전방-외측부 방향 이외의 위치에 존재하는, 해부학적 위치 변이가 관찰되었고 (좌측 내경정맥 36.3%, 우측 27.1%) 일부 환자에서는 도관 삽입이 부적합한 내경정맥을 가지고 있었다. Purpose: The internal jugular vein (IJV) is a preferred site for central cannulation for hemodialysis (HD) because of its low incidence of central vein stenosis. Although anatomically IJV is commonly located on the anterior-lateral side of the carotid artery, some patients have anatomical variation of IJV, which can lead to difficulty and complication of cannulation. This study was performed to evaluate the incidence of anatomical variation of IJV in Korean HD patients. Methods: We enrolled 358 patients receiving IJV catheter cannulation for HD using doppler ultrasonography between January 2007 and February 2009. We examined the anatomical positions of IJV in relation to the position of carotid artery (CA) and incidence of anatomical variation on both sides. We also investigated incidence of inadequate IJV for cannulation, Results: The mean age of 358 enrolled patients was 57±15 years (14-88 years) (M:F=203:155). Anatomical variations of the left (Lt) and right (Rt) IJV position relative to the CA were found in 36.3% and 27.1%, respectively. Various anatomical variations of IJV position were discovered in the anterior side (Lt 23.7%, Rt 21.2%), anterior-medial side (Lt 7%, Rt 2.5%), and the lateral side (Lt 1.1%, Rt 1.7%) relative to CA. Inadequate Lt and Rt IJVs for cannulation, which can be too small sized or obstructed, were 6.4% and 2.8%, respectively. Conclusion: About one third of Korean HD patients had anatomical variations of IJV position relative to the CA. This study supports the use of doppler ultrasound guided technique for IJV cannulation in HD patients.
급성 허혈성 신손상 백서에서 α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone이 아포프토시스와 Fas 발현에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
김형규,조원용,윤종우,차대룡,윤수영,원남희,조상경,장경현,김경욱 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.5
Apoptosis frequently occurs in acute renal injury but molecular mechanisms responsible for this distinct form of cell death are largely unknown. Fas belongs to the TNF/nerve growth factor superfamily and engagement by Fas ligand induces apoptosis in various epithelial cells. To investigate the role of apoptosis and associated molecular mechanisms, we examined the occurrence of apoptosis and Fas expression as well as the therapeutic effect of α-MSH, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine in ischemic ARF rat model as well as its effect on Fas expression. The expression of Fas was studied by western blot analysis and semiquantitative RT-PCR. Apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL method and the degree of apoptosis and Fas expression, as well as biochemical, histological data were compared between the α-MSH and the vehicle treated groups in 40 minute renal artery clamping ischemic ARF rat models. Intraperitoneally administered α-MSH significantly reduced renal injury, measured by plasma blood urea nitrogen, creatinilevel and the degree of tubular necrosis(106.5±13.3/54.7±5.45mg/dL for BUN, 1.77+0.29/1.03±0.06mg/dL for creatinine 24 hours after ischemia)(p=0.003, p=0.01), (5.4±1.94/2.6±0.7 for injury score 24 hours after ischemia)(p=0.01). Ischemia caused significant upregulation of Fas mRNA and protein and was accompanied by morphological evidence of apoptosis. α-MSH significantly reduced the degree of apoptosis, as well as Fas[(mean apoptotic cell: 23.7±12.5/11.0±5.7 per 200 field at 4 hours after ischemia(p=0.04), 31.6±24.7/18.1±11.5 per 200 field at 24 hours after ischemia(p=0.25)]. (Fas protein expression: sham: 1409±355DI(densitometric index)) 2818.3±1100/1306±643.4DI at 24 hours and 5541.5±1597.5/2866.7±788.9DI at 72 hours after ischemia)(p=0.07, 0.047). These results suggest that Fas upregulation induced tubular cell apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic ARF and the beneficial effect of α-MSH is partially mediated by these inhibitory effects on Fas system.
내시경 결찰술을 이용하여 치료한 위 동정맥 기형 1 예
한동수,이민호,최호순,윤병철,이동후,이오영,손주현,조윤주,함준수,전용철,기춘석,박경남,박석규,손영우,윤경택 대한소화기내시경학회 2000 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.21 No.3
Although various endoscopic treatments, such as laser photocoagulation, electrocoagulation, heater probe, injection have been used for treatment of arteriovenous malformation (AVM), associated complications also have been reported. In order to avoid the complications, elastic band ligation has recently been used as an alternative method for endoscopic treatment of gastric AVM. A 58-year-old man was admitted due to hematemesis and melena. A gastroscopy revealed AVM with vessel exposure and active bleeding at the greater curvature of fundus, and we performed arteriography for emergency embolization, but, we do not find the bleeding vessel. Endoscopic band ligation therapy was performed as an alternative method for control of bleeding. 2 months later, follow-up endoscopy showed disappearance of AVM and no evidence of hemorrhage.
Yoon, Won-Duk,Yang, Joon-Yong,Lim, Dong-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Hwan,Park, Gyung-Soo The Korean Society of Oceanography 2006 Ocean science journal Vol.41 No.1
We investigated species composition and spatial distribution of the euphausiid community in the Yellow Sea and identified the relationship with environmental factors (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll $\alpha$, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) using bimonthly data from June, 1997 to April, 1998. The environment varied during the sampling period. In warm seasons, thermocline was well developed rendering lower temperature and higher salinity and nutrient concentrations in the bottom layer. During cold seasons the water column was well mixed and no such vertical stratification was noted. Horizontal distribution of temperature, however, differed slightly between near-coast and offshore areas because of the shallow depth of the Yellow Sea, and between southern and northern areas because of the intrusion of water masses such as Yellow Sea Warm Current and Changjiang River Diluted Water. Four euphausiid species were identified: Euphausia pacifica, E. sanzoi, Pseudeuphausia sp. and Stylocheron affine. E. sanzoi and S. affine were collected, just one juvenile each, from the southern area in June and December, respectively. Pseudeuphausia sp. were collected in the eastern area all the year round except June. E. pacifica occurred at the whole study area and were the predominant species, representing at least 97.6% of the euphausiid abundance. Further, the distribution pattern of the species was varied in regards to developmental stages (adult, furcilia, calyptopis, egg). From spring to fall, E. pacifica adults were abundant in the central area where the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water prevailed. Furcilia and calyptopis extended their distribution into nearly all the study area during the same period. From late fall to winter, adults were found at the near-coastal are a with similar pattern for furcilia and calyptopis. The distribution pattern of E. pacifica was consistent regarding temperature, salinity, and three nutrients during the sampling period, whereas chlorophyll $\alpha$ showed a different pattern according to the developmental stages. The nutrients should indirectly affect via chlorophyll $\alpha$ and phytoplankton concentration. With respect to these results, we presented a scenario about how the environmental factors along with the water current affect the distribution of E. pacifica in the Yellow Sea.