Schiff Base에 의한 구리 부식 억제

정병구,이현석,장영학,문채주 木浦大學校 應用科學硏究院 2001 應用科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

The inhibiting action of copper in 5% hydrochloric acid(HCI) solutions with or without Schiff base, 1,2-bis(naphthylideneimine)ethane(NET), 1,3-bis(naphthylideneimine) propane(NPR), 1,4-bis(naphthylideneimine)butane(NBU), and 1,5-bis(naphthylideneimine) pentane(NPE), has been studied by the Tafel method and AC impedance technique. The corrosion parameters were obtained at different inhibitor concentrations and the temperature effect was also investigated. The inhibiting efficiency increases with a decrease in temperature or increase in concentration of the Schiff base. NPE is the best inhibitor in this series and the maximum inhibition efficiency at a concentration of 5×10^-4 M at 298 K approached 90.07%. Schiff base with longer-chain are superior to shorter-chained analogues in inhibition efficiency.

포름알데히드 含有 廢水가 嫌氣性 處理에 미치는 影響

박광석,노현웅,박정호,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.20 No.1

The effects of formaldehyde in anaerobic digestion were : 1. In the cases of batch assay, the methanogenic bacteria were tolerated the toxic when raw and pretreated wastewaters were injected 3 and 5 ml respectively to serum bottle, but shocked when 5 and 10 ml respectively. 2. When raw, pretreated + glucose, and pretreated wastewaters were applied to UASB reators, the results of VLR were obtained 8-10, 3-5, and 2-4 kg cod/㎥ ·d respectived. Result of raw wastewater was the most optima of three. 3. The correlations VLR with bio-gas were obtained 90.5, 46.4 and 34.6% respectively in raw, pretreated + glucose, and pretreated wastewaters. Result of raw wastewater was the most optima of three. 4. In batch assay, pretreatment wastewater is better than raw water, but in continuous assay, raw wastewater is better than pretreatment wastewater. This reason is consideated that unsoluble salt of 373 mg/l is accumulated within UASB reactor, and carries out inhibition to anaerobic bacteria.

뇌동맥류 파열 환자에서 증후성 뇌혈관연축의 발생 및 회복에 영향을 미치는 인자들

최석민,석종식,권정택,민병국,황성남,김영백,홍현종 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.10

To determine the factors affecting development and recovery of symptomatic vasospasm. the author analysed the results of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated by nimodipine and prophylactic “triple0H” therapy. From January 1991 to December 1995. 199 patients underwent surgery for ruptured intracerebral aneurysms. Combined hypervolemic hemodilution was initiated at the time of admission. Induced hypertension was added immediately after surgery(aneurysmal neck clipping). All patients received nimodipine intravenously or orally until the 14th day of SAH Sixty patients underwent surgery on Day 0 through 2 after attacks of subarachnoid hemorrhage(Goup A) 105 patients on Day 3 through 14(Group B). and 35 patients after Day 14(Group C). Of 199 patients. 76(38%) patients suffered from symtomatic vasospasm. Symptomatic vasospasm occured in 34% of Group A patients. 33% of Group B patients. and 5% of Group C patients. Symtomatic vasospasm occured more frequently in the older age group. the Fisher group 3 and Hunt & Hess grades 3, 4 and 5 groups. Of 76 patients who suffered from symptomatic vasospasm. 47(62%) patients recovered completely. The author analysed the relationship between recovery rate and sex, age. Hunt & Hess agrde and Fisher group among these 76 patients. Recovery rates between these groups were not significantly different. Based on this experience the author believes that Hunt-Hess grade. Fisher group and age are important factors affecting symptomatic vasospasm development.

^40Ca(t,p)^42Ca 핵반응의 의곡파 보른근사에 의한 미분단면적 계산

안정선,양재춘,오근석,김성현 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1993 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.20 No.1

Differential cross section of double-stripping nuclear reaction has been calculated with distorted wave Born approximation(DWBA) in ^40Ca(t.p)^42Ca reaction. The angular distribution shape of differential cross section shows large peak in forward. And it has small oscillation. It determines the angular momentum transfer and then the final state of the nucleus is predicted by the angular distribution. In the ^40Ca(t.p)^42Ca reaction, the angular momentum L of the transfered neutron pair from triton is equal to the total angular momentum of the final state nucleus ^42Ca and the parity of the final state is even.

복식 전자궁적출술후 절단부에 발생한 난관탈출증 1예

송은석,이해혁,김태희,김정식,남계현,이권해,고은석 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Prolapse of the fallopian tube into the vaginal vault after hysterectomy is a rare complication. Since most of cases may resolve before detection or remain undiagnosed, the exact incidence is still unknown. Though most common sign of tubal prolapse is tender friable tissue in vaginal cuff, with the simptoms of lower abdominal pain, dysparenunia, vaginal discharge, or postcoital spotting. The definitive diagnosis should be confirmed histologically Recently, we experienced a case of fallopian tube prolapse after abdominal hysterectomy in a 41-year-old woman and report with a brief review of the literature.

인공 치아우식 발생 모델에서 디지털 방사선 공제술을 이용한 인접면 치아우식증의 진단

박정훈,최용석,황의환,이기자,최삼진,박영호,김경숙,진현석,홍경원,오범석,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of the experiment was to evaluating the diagnostic ability of dental caries detection using digital subtraction in the artificial caries activity model. Materials and Methods : Digital radiographies of five teeth with 8 proximal surfaces were obtained by CCD sensor (Kodak RVG 6100 using a size #2). The digital radiographic images and subtraction images from artificial proximal caries were examined and interpreted. In this study, we proposed novel caries detection method which could diagnose the dental proximal caries from single digital radiographic image. Results : In artificial caries activity model, the range of lesional depth was 572-1,374 μm and the range of lesional area was 36.95-138.52mm². The lesional depth and the area were significantly increased with demineralization time (p<0.001). Furthermore, the proximal caries detection using digital subtraction radiography showed high detection rate compared to the proximal caries examination using simple digital radiograph. Conclusion : The results demonstrated that the digital subtraction radiography from single radiographic image of artificial caries was highly efficient in the detection of dental caries compared to the data from simple digital radiograph.

영상의 객체모양 검색을 위한 효율적인 색인구조와 검색방법

조정현,장용석 영남이공대학 2002 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

In this paper, we present an index structure and search method modified bash for the efficient and fast searching of shape information in large image databases. The proposed index structure is made up of 4 dimensional values by analyzing a range of feature vectors extracted by invariant moment set. We also propose a search method based on the proposed index structure that increases search speed by reducing search space. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed index structure and search method.

자가공명영상을 이용한 정신분열병 환자의 뇌량 면적 측정

박홍석,이정섭,황성혜,김창현 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 본 연구에서는 정신분열병의 병태생리에 뇌량이 관여하는지 확인하기 위해 초발 및 만성 정신분열병 환자, 대조군의 뇌량의 영역을 측정하였다. 방 법 : 국립의료원에 입원한 23명의 정신분열병 환자(남자 15명, 여자 8명)와 단순 두통 또는 어지럼증을 호소하여 내원한 23명의 외래환자를 대조군으로 하여 뇌자기공명영상을 얻었으며, 남자는 26명, 여자는 20명 이었다. 환자군중 초발군은 13명, 만성군은 10명이었다. 정중시상평면에서 뇌량을 7개 영역으로 구분하여 NIH Image 1.60프로그램으로 분석하였으며, 정중시상평면의 대뇌면적도 구하였다. 이렇게 구한 각 뇌량척도들은 t-test를 이용하여 대조군과 비교하였으며, 성별에 따른 차이는 ANOVA를 이용하였으며, 이후 대뇌면적을 공변량으로 하여 ANCOVA를 시행하였다. 또한 초발군과 만성환자군, 대조군의 비교는 나이와 대뇌면적을 공변량으로하여 MANCOVA를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 환자군과 대조군 사이의 총뇌량의 평균면적과 각 7부분의 평균면적을 비교한 결과 환자군이 제 3, 제 6 뇌량영역을 제외하곤 대조군에 비해 평균면적이 작은 것으로 나왔지만 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 성별에 따라 비교한 결과 통계적 유의성은 관찰되지 않았지만 남자환자는 대조군에 비해 작고, 여자환자의 경우에는 큰 것으로 확인됐다. 초발과 만성환자군으로 나누어 대조군과 비교해 본 결과, 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 초발환자군이 만성환자군에 비해 모든 뇌량척도가 작았고, 만성환자군은 대조군보다 총뇌량의 평균면적이 컸으나 초발군은 대조군 보다 작았다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과 정신분열병 환자에서 유의한 뇌량의 형태적 이상을 확인하지는 못했지만 이전 연구들에서도 다양한 결과들을 보고하고 있으며, 이는 정신분열병이 생물학적 및 임상적으로 각기 다른 표현형을 가지고 있다는 가설로 설명할 수 있다. Objectives : This study was performed to determine whether the corpus callosum is involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and measured corpus callosal areas of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls. Methods : We obtained the brain magnetic resonance imaging of 23 schizophrenic inpatients(15 males, 8 females) and 23 controls(11 males, 12 females) with simple headache or dizziness. Among the schizophrenic group, first episode patients were 13, chronic patients were 10. In mid-sagittal plane, the corpus callosum was divided into 7 areas and the cerebral area was measured. This data was analyzed with NIH image 1.60 software. We compared the corpus callosal areas of schizophrenics with controls by t-test and by ANOVA according to sex. Thereafter, ANCOVA was performed with mid-sagittal cerebral area as covariant. Comparison of first episode, chronic schizophrenics and controls was carried out by MANCOVA that was adjusted with age and mid-sagittal cerebra area. Results : The schizophrenics, compared with controls, had smaller corpus callosal areas except for the 3rd, 6th callosal area, but statistical significance was absent. According to sex, male schizophrenics had insignificantly smaller total callosal areas than male controls and female schizophrenics had larger ones. In comparison of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls, first episode patients had smaller every corpus callosal areas than chronic ones, chronic ones had larger total callosal area than controls and first episode ones had smaller total area than controls, but statistical significances were absent also. Conclusion : Our study did not reveal the structural abnormality of corpus callosum in schizophrenic patients, but many controversial results have been reported in other studies. This inter-study inconsistency could be explained by the hypotheses of not only clinical but also biological different phenotypes within the schizophrenia.

한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 (Ⅳ) : 우울장애의 아형 및 부작용에 따른 항우울제의 선택과 여성우울장애에서의 치료전략

전현태,이상열,김원,민경준,박원명,서정석,석정호,송해철,전덕인,홍진표,한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2006 연구그룹 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

Objectives : In 2002, the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major depressive Disorder (KMAP-MD) was published, but there has been a need for a guideline about detailed issues of depressive disorder. We revised KMAP-MDD andreestablished Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) in 2006. Methods : A questionnaire had been developed by the executive committee for KMAP-DD. The review committee consisted of 101 experienced psychiatrists. From the total of 22 questions in the questionnaire, 7 questions were evaluated for these subjects . We classified the expert opinions to 3 categories according to its confidence interval; first, second and third line. Results : SSRI and venlafaxine were the first line antidepressants (AD) for atypical and melancholic depression. For dysthymic disorder and minor depressive disorder, SSRI was recommended as the first line medications. Only AD medications was a preferred initial strategy for treating premenstrual dysphoric disorder, mild to moderate and severe non-psychotic postpartum depression. In severe psychotic postpartum depression, combination therapy of AD and atypical antipsychotics was the treatment of choice. SSRI was preferred when considering sedation, anticholinergic and cardiovascular adverse effects. Also, experts recommended mirtazapine against gastrointestinal adverse effects and bupropion in avoiding sexual dysfunction. Conclusion : These results suggest that clinicians have to consider both clinical situations and drug adverse effects in the choice of antidepressant medications.

방향족 화합물의 할로 메칠화 반응

박정서,김신종,백운필,이현주,송윤석,장정민 明知大學校 自然科學硏究所 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.15 No.-

Biphenyl의 para position에 methylene group을 도입 시키는 방법으로 paraformaldehyde와 dimethylamine을 반응시켜 Mannich Base인 (1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dimethyl)-dimethli amine을 합성해 보았으나, 전혀 반응이 진행되지 않았다. 즉 , Biphenyl에 강한 activating group이 없으므로 Mannich Base을 사용한 방법은 효과적이 못된다. 따라서, 다른 방법으로 biphenyl에 bromomethylation을 진행 시켜서, 두 개의 methylene group을 도입시켰다. Bromomethylation은 다음과 같이 사용하는 시약 및 실험 방법 등을 고려하여 3가지 방법으로 시도 하였다. 1)1,3,5-trioxane + HBr in AcOH + paraformaldehyde 사용법, 2)Hbr in AcOH + paraformaldehyde 사용법, 3) NaBr + H₂SO₄+paraformaldehyde 사용법, 이상의 3가지 방법 중에서 NaBr+ H₂SO₄+ paraformaldehyde 사용법이 가장 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 이러한 system에서 반응을 진행시킨 결과 69% 의 높은 수율 (87%의 purity)로 4,4'-dibromomethylbiphenyl 합성에 성공할 수 있었다. The synthetic method for the induction of methylene group on the para position of arenes is of importance. Since the weak activation effect of phenyl group on the electrophilic substitution reaction, the induction of methylene group by way of Mannich base using paraformaldehyde and dimethylamine was unsuccessful. It was found that halomethylation of byphenyl is only the way for the preparation of di-p-methylenebiphenyl. Especially, bromomethylation was turn out to be more reliable synthetic method than chloromethylation. Herein, we developed 3 protocols for the synthesis of 4,4'-dibromomethylbiphenyl. In addition, the best result was obtained using NaBr + H₂SO₄paraformaldehyde protocol in 69% yield.