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Rock-Hyun Baek,Chang-Ki Baek,Hyun-Sik Choi,Jeong-Soo Lee,Yun Young Yeoh,Kyoung Hwan Yeo,Dong-Won Kim,Kinam Kim,Kim, D M,Yoon-Ha Jeong IEEE 2011 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY Vol.10 No.3
<P>In this paper, the volume trap densities <I>Nt</I> are extracted from gate-all-around silicone-nanowire FETs with different gate oxides, using a cylindrical-coordinate-based flicker noise model developed. For extracting <I>Nt</I>, the drain-current power spectral densities were measured from a large number of identical devices and averaged over, thereby mimicking the spatial distribution of trap sites inducing 1/<I>f</I> curve. Also, effective mobility and threshold voltage were simultaneously extracted with the series resistance to characterize the 1/<I>f</I> noise in terms of intrinsic values of these two channel parameters. The volume trap densities thus extracted from different oxides (in situ steam-generated oxide/rapid thermal oxide/nitride-gated oxide) are compared and further examined using hot-carrier stress data. Finally, radius dependence of the cylindrical 1/<I>f</I> model developed is discussed.</P>
Hyun, Hoon,Cho, Jae Song,Kim, Byung Soo,Lee, Jung Won,Kim, Moon Suk,Khang, Gilson,Park, Kinam,Lee, Hai Bang Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.46 No.6
<P>In this article, we describe the synthesis of PEG-b-polyester star block copolymers via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ester monomers initiated at the hydroxyl end group of the core poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) using HCl Et<SUB>2</SUB>O as a monomer activator. The ROP of ϵ-caprolactone (CL), trimethylene carbonate (TMC), or 1,4-dioxan-2-one (DO) was performed to synthesize PEG-b-polyester star block copolymers with one, two, four, and eight arms. The PEG-b-polyester star block copolymers were obtained in quantitative yield, had molecular weights close to the theoretical values calculated from the molar ratio of ester monomers to PEG, and exhibited monomodal GPC curves. The crystallinity of the PEG-b-polyester star block copolymers was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Copolymers with a higher arm number had a higher tendency toward crystallization. The crystallinity of the PEG-b-polyester star block copolymers also depended on the nature of the polyester block. The CMCs of the PEG-b-PCL star block copolymers, determined from fluorescence measurements, increased with increasing arm number. The CMCs of the four-arm star block copolymers with different polyester segments increased in the order 4a-PEG-b-PCL < 4a-PEG-b-PDO < 4a-PEG-b-PLGA < 4a-PEG-b-PTMC, suggesting a relationship between CMC and star block copolymer crystallinity. The partition equilibrium constant, K<SUB>v</SUB>, which is an indicator of the hydrophobicity of the micelles of the PEG-polyester star block copolymers in aqueous media, increased with decreasing arm number and increasing crystallinity. A key aspect of the present work is that we successfully prepared PEG-b-polyester star block copolymers by a metal-free method. Thus, unlike copolymers synthesized by ROP using a metal as the monomer activator, our copolymers do not contain traces of metals and hence are more suitable for biomedical applications. Moreover, we confirmed that the PEG-b-polyester star block copolymers form micelles and hence may be potential hydrophobic drug delivery vehicles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2084–2096, 2008</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Poly(ethylene glycol) and polyester star block copolymers was prepared successfully at room temperature by living ring-opening polymerization of ϵ-caprolactone, trimethylene carbonate, or 1,4-dioxan-2-one from PEG as an initiator in the presence of HCl·Et<SUB>2</SUB>O as a monomer activator. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2008-46-6-POLA22543-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2008-46-6-POLA22543-gra001'> </P>
Shin Kinam,Cho Won Chul,Shin Nara,Kim Hong Rae,Kim Min-Seok,Chung Cheol Hyun,Jung Sung-Ho 대한심장혈관흉부외과학회 2024 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.57 No.2
Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are widely employed as a therapeutic option for end-stage heart failure. We evaluated the outcomes associated with centrifugal- flow LVAD implantation, comparing 2 device models: the Heartmate 3 (HM3) and the Heartware Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD). Methods: Data were collected from patients who underwent LVAD implantation between June 1, 2015 and December 31, 2022. We analyzed overall survival, first rehospitalization, and early, late, and LVAD-related complications. Results: In total, 74 patients underwent LVAD implantation, with 42 receiving the HM3 and 32 the HVAD. A mild Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support score was more common among HM3 than HVAD recipients (p=0.006), and patients receiving the HM3 exhibited lower rates of preoperative ventilator use (p=0.010) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (p=0.039). The overall early mortality rate was 5.4% (4 of 74 patients), with no significant difference between groups. Regarding early right ventricular (RV) failure, HM3 implantation was associated with a lower rate (13 of 42 [31.0%]) than HVAD implantation (18 of 32 [56.2%], p=0.051). The median rehospitalization-free period was longer for HM3 recipients (16.9 months) than HVAD recipients (5.3 months, p=0.013). Furthermore, HM3 recipients displayed a lower incidence of late hemorrhagic stroke (p=0.016). In the multivariable analysis, preoperative use of continuous renal replacement therapy (odds ratio, 22.31; p=0.002) was the only significant predictor of postoperative RV failure. Conclusion: The LVAD models (HM3 and HVAD) demonstrated comparable overall survival rates. However, the HM3 was associated with a lower risk of late hemorrhagic stroke.
신기남(Shin, Kinam),주선우(Joo, Seonu),양상현(Yang, Sang-Hyun) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.5
건설산업은 타 산업에 비해 재해율이 높으며, 그중에서도 특히 사망자 발생 등 중대재해 비율이 높아 안전교육 및 관리의 중요성이 매우 높은 산업이다. 고용노동부는 근로자의 안전의식을 고취하고 사고율을 낮추기 위해 건설현장의 모든 근로자를 대상으로 건설업 기초안전보건교육을 실시하도록 하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이러한 의무를 지키는 현장이 한 정적일뿐더러 형식적인 교육으로 인하여 그 효과가 미미하다는 지적이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 건설업 기초안전보건교육 실시 현황, 교안 사례 및 교육방법을 분석하여 문제점을 파악한다. 또한 효과적 교육법에 관한 선행연구를 분석하여 근로자의 안전 의식 고취에 효과적인 교육 방법을 제시하고, 최근 건설현장 사망사고 유형을 공종별로 분류함으로써 교육 대상 특성을 고려 한 교육내용을 현행 건설업 기초안전보건교육의 개선방안으로 제시한다. Construction industry has a relatively higher accident rate compared to other industries, especially the serious accident rate including death. Ministry of Employment and Labor has not only implemented safety consciousness but also initiated the basic occupational safety and health training for the construction industry. Despite the effort, only a few sites follow the obligatory task and there are reports stating the effect of the education is minimal. As a result, this research aims to determine and analyze the current state of the basic occupational safety and health training including its lesson plan and method. Furthermore, by analyzing the preliminary study on the effective instructional method, this research suggests an effective method to implement safety consciousness to the workers. An improvement plan is also suggested by supplying appropriate educational material to different workers by differentiating the characteristics and the cause of death at various work types in construction sites.
Nanobubbles from Gas-Generating Polymeric Nanoparticles: Ultrasound Imaging of Living Subjects
Kang, Eunah,Min, Hyun Su,Lee, Jaeyoung,Han, Moon Hee,Ahn, Hyung Jun,Yoon, In-Chan,Choi, Kuiwon,Kim, Kwangmeyoung,Park, Kinam,Kwon, Ick Chan WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Angewandte Chemie Vol.122 No.3
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Durch die Koaleszenz und Fusion von Kohlendioxidnanobläschen in einem Tumor entstehen Mikrobläschen, die mit Ultraschall sichtbar gemacht werden können (siehe Bild). Die Bläschen stammen von Gas freisetzenden polymeren Nanopartikeln mit einem Überzug aus hydrophobisiertem Chitosan. Die Hydrolyse des Polymers Poly(BL-PO) mit einem bioabbaubaren Rückgrat und einer Carbonatseitenkette setzt Kohlendioxid frei. <img src='wiley_img/00448249-2010-122-3-ANGE200903841-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/00448249-2010-122-3-ANGE200903841-content'> </P>
Saravanakumar, G.,Min, Kyung Hyun,Min, Dong Sik,Kim, Ah Young,Lee, Chang-Moon,Cho, Yong Woo,Lee, Sang Cheon,Kim, Kwangmeyung,Jeong, Seo Young,Park, Kinam,Park, Jae Hyung,Kwon, Ick Chan Elsevier 2009 Journal of controlled release Vol.140 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Development of successful formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs remains a longstanding critical and challenging issue in cancer therapy. As a potential drug carrier of paclitaxel, hydrotropic oligomer-glycol chitosan (HO-GC) was synthesized by chemical conjugation of the N,N-diethylnicotinamide-based oligomer, uniquely designed for enhancing the aqueous solubility of paclitaxel, to the backbone of glycol chitosan. Owing to its amphiphilicity, the conjugate formed self-assembled nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 313±13nm in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4 at 37°C). HO-GC nanoparticles maintained their structure for up to 50days in PBS. They could encapsulate a high quantity (20wt.%) of paclitaxel (PTX) with a maximum drug-loading efficiency of 97%, due to the presence of hydrotropic inner cores. When HO-GC-PTX particles were exposed to the 0.1M sodium salicylate solution in PBS (pH 7.4), PTX was released from nanoparticles in a sustained manner. From the cytotoxicity test, it was confirmed that HO-GC-PTX nanoparticles showed lower cytotoxicity than free PTX formulation in 50%/50% Cremophor EL/ethanol mixture. The optical imaging results indicated that near-infrared fluorescence dye (Cy5.5)-labeled HO-GC-PTX showed an excellent tumor specificity in SCC7 tumor-bearing mice, due to the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Overall, HO-GC-PTX nanoparticles might be a promising carrier for PTX delivery in cancer therapy.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>A hydrotropic oligomer-glycol chitosan (HO-GC) conjugate, with unique hydrotropic characteristics towards paclitaxel (PTX), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as the drug carrier. Notably, HO-GC nanoparticles imbibed relatively high quantity of PTX compared to other polysaccharide-based carriers. <I>In vivo</I> studies showed enhanced tumor targeting ability of HO-GC nanoparticles.</P><ce:figure></ce:figure>
Temperature-Adaptive Back-Bias Voltage Generator for an RCAT Pseudo SRAM
Jong-Pil Son,Young-Hyun Jun,Kinam Kim,Hyun-Geun Byun,김수원 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.3
In order to guarantee the proper operation of a recessed channel array transistor (RCAT) pseudo SRAM, the back-bias voltage must be changed in response to changes in temperature. Due to cell drivability and leakage current, the obtainable back-bias range also changes with temperature. This paper presents a pseudo SRAM for mobile applications with an adaptive back-bias voltage generator with a negative temperature dependency (NTD) using an NTD VBB detector. The proposed scheme is implemented using the Samsung 100 nm RCAT pseudo SRAM process technology. Experimental results show that the proposed VBB generator has a negative temperature dependency of –0.85 mV/oC, and its static current consumption is found to be only 0.83 μA@2.0 V.