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임병선,이점숙,조승원,양효식,김명화,곽애경 木浦大學校 沿岸環境硏究所 1995 沿岸環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1
The nutrient removal-capacity of four major dominant species distributed in Namchang-chon polluted with livestock wastewater and Samhyang-chon polluted with industrial and domestic wastewater were investigated. Water qualities and soil properties of three polluted sites were a quite different in concentration of nitrogen, SS and Ga. Dominant species in livestock wasetewater were Persicaria thunbergii, Zizania latiforia, Phragmites communis and Oenanthe japanica, those in industrial and domestic were Phragmites communis. Changes of NO₃-N, NH₄-N and P concentrations of culture solution are high in cultivor of Zizania latiforia and Oenanthe japanica. All four species removed NO₃-N most effectively. In experiment used directely polluted water from three areas ; all species from livestock wasetewater uptaked NO₃-N effectively. Phragmites communis from domestic, and Persicaria thunbergii and Oenanthe japanica from industrial and domestic wasetewater removed NH₄-N effectively. All species cultured in industrial waserewater removed P well, and Phragmites communis and Persicaria thunbergii cultured in domestic wastewater removed it moderately.
비글개에서 l-muscone의 급성독성 및 아급성독성시험 연구
유아선,권오경,성하정,곽형일,방명주,박대규,정규혁,윤효인,조명행 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1
Single and 4 weeks oral administration of l-muscone, a major active ingredient of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs(3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dosage of 2,000 ㎎/㎏ and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of l-muscone, 0.2㎎/㎏/day(low dosage group), 2 ㎎/㎏/day(middle dosage group), or 20 ㎎/㎏day(high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration(1996.4.16). LD_50 value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 ㎎/㎏ on oral route for both male and females. In animals administered with l-muscone, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other findings. No histolopathological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggest that l-muscone in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC frames using cyclic moment-curvature relation
Kwak, Hyo-Gyoung,Kim, Sun-Pil,Kim, Ji-Eun Techno-Press 2004 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.17 No.3
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) frame under earthquake loading is performed in this paper on the basis of a hysteretic moment-curvature relation. Unlike previous analytical moment-curvature relations which take into account the flexural deformation only with the perfect-bond assumption, by introducing an equivalent flexural stiffness, the proposed relation considers the rigid-body-motion due to anchorage slip at the fixed end, which accounts for more than 50% of the total deformation. The advantage of the proposed relation, compared with both the layered section approach and the multi-component model, may be the ease of its application to a complex structure composed of many elements and on the reduction in calculation time and memory space. Describing the structural response more exactly becomes possible through the use of curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress-strain relation of steel and consideration of the pinching effect caused by axial force. Finally, the applicability of the proposed model to the nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC structures is established through correlation studies between analytical and experimental results.
Protective Effect of Extract from Rumex Aquaticus Herba on Ethanol-induced Gastric Damage in Rats
Kwak, Hyun Soo,Park, Sun Young,Nguyen, Thao Thanh,Kim, Chung Hyo,Lee, Jong Mi,Suh, Jung Sook,Whang, Wan Kyunn,Sohn, Uy Dong S. Karger AG 2012 Pharmacology Vol. No.
<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background/Aims:</I></B> In this study, we investigated the gastroprotective effect of extract including quercetin-3-O-β-<smlcap>d</smlcap>-glucuronopyranoside (EIQ) from Rumex aquaticus herba against the ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> The rats were divided into eight groups composed of a non-ethanol group, only EIQ (10 mg/kg) group, groups with absolute ethanol after pretreatment with various doses of EIQ (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg), rebamipide (10 mg/kg), stillen (40 mg/kg) and a control receiving only absolute ethanol. Ethanol-induced gastric lesions, lipid peroxidation, neutrophil infiltration and glutathione level were measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity were assessed by an assay kit. Protein expression of SOD, catalase or hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) was assessed by western blotting analysis. <B><I>Results and Conclusion:</I></B> In the absolute ethanol treated group, gastric lesion and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased with enhanced myeloperoxidase activity. Administration of EIQ 1 h prior to ethanol treatment significantly inhibited the formation of gastric lesions and the elevation of the malondialdehyde levels with myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, pretreatment with EIQ significantly increased the level of glutathione, and elevated the activity and protein expression of radical scavenging enzymes, such as SOD, catalase and HO-1. EIQ may exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects against ethanol-induced gastric injury through the reduction of lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase activity and free radicals.</P><P>Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
Kwak, Jae-Hwan,Won, Sun-Woo,Kim, Tae-Jeong,Roh, Eun-Mi-Ri,Kang, Han-Young,Lee, Hyo-Won,Jung, Jae-Kyung,Hwang, Bang-Yeon,Kim, Young-Soo,Cho, Jung-Sook,Lee, Hee-Soon 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.2
A series of chroman-2-carboxylic acid N-(substituted)phenylamides (2a-s, 3a-j) were synthesized. Their ability to inhibit nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activity was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and their antioxidant activity was examined. $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibition by chroman compounds was not related to their antioxidant activity. Compounds with -H,$-NO_2$ monosubstituents and $-OCH_3,\;-CF_3$ disubstituents on the phenyl ring were poor inhibitors of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. Compounds with $-CH_3,\;-CF_3,\;-CI$ monosubstituents or -CI, $-CH_3$ disubstituents exhibited moderate to good $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity inhibition $(IC_{50}:\;18.2-95.8\;{\mu}M)$. The most active $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor, 2s, contained a 4-CI $(IC_{50}:\;18.2\;{\mu}M)$ substituent on the phenyl ring and was slightly more potent than the compound KL-1156 (1) $(IC_{50}:\;43.9\;{\mu}M)$.
Microstructural properties at the interfaces of ZnO nanorods and ZnO homo-buffer layers.
Kwak, Changha,Kim, Byung-Hyuk,Park, Chang-In,Park, Sun-Hong,Seo, Soo-Young,Kim, Seon-Hyo,Han, Sang-Wook American Scientific Publishers 2010 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.10 No.2
<P>Uniformly and vertically well-aligned ZnO nanorods were fabricated in-situ and ex-situ on ZnO films using a catalyst-free metal-organic chemical vapor process. Microstructural properties of the initial growth of ZnO nanorods on ZnO films with different surface roughnesses were investigated. We observed that the ZnO nanorods grown on ZnO films with surface roughness of less than 1.0 nm were well-aligned along the c-axis and in the ab-plane. When the nanorods grew on ZnO films with a large surface roughness, they had three different growth directions of 28 degrees, 62 degrees, and 90 degrees to the film surface. The slant angle of 62 degrees corresponds to the angle between the ZnO(001) and (101) planes. The initial growth direction difference caused structural disorder at the interface of the ZnO nanorod and film, and prevented epitaxial growth and the alignment of the nanorods.</P>