튀김에 의한 油脂의 化學的인 變化

徐華中,金和定,丁斗禮,金善姬 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

The changes of the acid value, saponification value, iodine value and peroxide value of fat and oil according to the preservation time and frequency of frying were determined. Soybean oil, corn oil, shortening and shrimp coated with flour batter were used in this experiment. The results were as follows ; The acid value and peroxide value were increased gradually by the preservation time and frequency of frying. The saponification value and iodine value were decreased as the preservation time and frequency of frying passed in soybean oil and corn oil, but increased in shortening. It is suggest that reasonable frying temperature of soybean oil, corn oil and shortening would be 160∼180℃ in home cooking.

枸杞子 抽出物이 家兎의 實驗的 肝臟障碍 및 alloxan糖尿病에 미치는 影響

서화중(Hwa-Joong Sheo),전성주(Sung-Joo Jun),이명열(Myung-Yul Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1986 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

枸杞子抽出物을 試料로 mouse의 毒性實驗, 實驗的으로 誘發시킨 家兎의 肝臟機能障碍 및 alloxan負荷糖尿病에 미치는 影響을 實驗하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다.<br/> 1. Mouse의 急性毒性實驗에서 腹腔投與의 경우 平均致死量은 12.7g/㎏이었다.<br/> 2. CCl₄로 肝臟機能障碍가 誘發된 家兎에 枸杞子抽出物投與는 對照群에 비하여 有意性있는 回復度를 보였는데 特히 大量投與群에서 더욱 빨랐다.<br/> 1) GPT活性度 및 total bilirubin은 試料投與群에서 아주 優秀한 低下效果를 나타냈다. 特히 GPT活性度에서 200㎎/㎏은 第8日째부터, 800㎎/㎏은 第6日째부터 有意性이 있었다.<br/> 2) Alkaline phosphatase値는 對照群에 비하여 커다란 차이를 보이지 않았다.<br/> 3) Alloxan으로 誘發한 家兎의 高血糖에 대하여 800㎎/㎏는 아주 탁월한 血糖降下效果를 나타냈다. 卽 第4日째부터 對照群에 비하여 有意性이 있었으며 第12日째는 正常値에 거의 接近하였다. 또한 GPT活性度는 차츰 低下되어 第6日째부터 低下效果가 뚜렷하였다. These studies were carried out to investigate effects of Lycii fructus extract on experimentally CCl4-induced liver damage and alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits and acute toxicity using mice.<br/> LD_(50)(㎎/㎏) of Lycii fructus extract(L.F.E.) was 12.17g/㎏ by intraperitoneal administration in mice.<br/> L.F.E. showed more rapid recuperation compared to the control group in CCl4-intoxicated rabbits and 800㎎/㎏ was the most effective.<br/> Especially GPT activity and total bilirubin level showed an apparant decreasing effect within 6 days and 8 days, respectively in 800㎎/㎏.<br/> But any differences were not observed in alkaline phosphatase and total cholesterol between sample and control group.<br/> Large amount administered group exhibited more excellent hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetes of rabbits, that is, it was significant to the control group after 4 days and adjacent to the normal level on 12th day. And GPT activity was gradually decreased and showed clear decreasing effect after 6 days.<br/> It is suggested that L.F.E. can be administered not only as therapeutic agents (such as liver tonics or antidiabetetics) but also a natural food to shorten the recovery time of hepatic function in liver diseases and decrease the abnormally elevated blood glucose such as Diabetes Mellitus.

불포화도가 다른 식물성 유지를 섭취시킨 흰쥐에서 정상적 간 및 지질대사변화의 고찰

서화중(Hwa-Joong Sheo),김선희(Sun-Hee Kim),정두례(Du-Le Jung) 한국식품영양과학회 1991 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Rat에 들깨유, 옥수수유, 올리브유를 28일간 매일 투여하여 rat성장율과 간대사 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다.<br/> 체중 증가율은 2주째까지는 대조군 11.72~23.07%에 비교한 실험군 모두 7.86~20.89%로 약간 둔화되나 대체로 정상으로 볼 수 있고 3, 4주째 들깨유 투여군(A군)이 7.57~8.63%로 대조군의 17.53~13.81%에 비해 현저히 감소되고 기타 B, C군은 대조군과 거의 같은 수준이다. 혈액의 생화학적 검사결과에서 GOT, GPT값은 전 4주간 대조군의 평균 158.8와 178.18u와 비교한 B, C군은 각각 148.1~72.5u와 153.71~83.58u로 별 영향을 없으나 들깨군(A군)은 GOT, GPT가 174.87과 93.46u로 대조군 보다 약간 증가된 값이다. Alk-P는 대조군의 58.5u에 비교한 전 실험군의 평균 58.62~61.95u는 별차이가 없다. Cholesterol과 triglyceride값은 시료의 불포화도 증대에 비례하여 감소하는 경향이고 대조군의 cholesterol과 triglyceride값 60.33㎎/dl~50㎎/dl와 비교한 A, B, C군이 각각 54.6~36, 61.89~44, 63.71~51㎎/dl을 보여 큰 폭의 차이는 없었다. 간조직 검사 결과 A, B, C군 모두 4주째 1필에서 kupffer cell의 증식내지 활동도 증가를 보이고 특히 들깨유군의 경우는 담관의 팽대, 옥수수군은 vesicular nuclei의 관찰, 올리브유군은 mild fatty metamorphosis가 관찰되었으나 나머지는 대부분 정상이었다.<br/> 이상의 결과에서 들깨유, 옥수수유, 올리브유를 1개월간 rat ㎏당 1.57㎖을 매일 투여하니 유지의 불포화도의 증가에 따라 혈중 중성지방과 cholesterol 농도의 근소한 감소를 보였지만 들깨유의 4주간 투여군은 간기능에 다소 부담을 주는 것으로 보이나 대부분 실험군은 별다른 증상을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 들깨유의 장기간 복용은 간기능에 다소 유해적으로 작용할 것으로 보인다. To investigate the effect of the unsaturated plant oil on the normal liver and lipid metabalism rats were fed the daily dose of 1.57㎖/㎏ body weight of perilla oil (Iodine value 190~207), corn oil (Iodine value 115~130) and olive oil (Iodine value 80~85) respectively for 28 days. The results were as follows. For the 14 days all the test groups showed normal weight gain with 7.86~20.89% increase rate. In the period of the 3rd and the 4th week the increase rate of the perilla oil group was decreased significantly under 17.53~13.8% of control level, but the remainders(corn oil, olive oil) keep normal. The feeding of corn and olive oil for 28 days did not show any harmful effect on normal GOT, GPT activity, ALK-P, serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride value of rat. The perilla oil feeding for 21~28 days slightly increased the GOT, GPT activity as 174.87, 93.46u but decreased the cholesterol and triglyceride value as 54.6~0.36㎎/dl compared to control. In the pathological finding of test group liver some rats in 28days feeding group showed reactive change of kupffer cells, and were noted dilated bile duct in a rat of perilla group, and were seen vesicula nuclei in corn oil group and mild fatty metamorphosis in olive oil group. But most subjects did not show any characterized sign of acute or subacute liver damage.

한국산 고사리의 독성조사에 관한 연구

서화중(Sheo Hwa Joong),이명렬(Lee Myung Yul) 한국식품영양과학회 1989 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

고사리의 ethanol extract를 독성실험한 결과는 mouse에 시료 10g/㎏까지는 급성독(LD_(50))을 나타내지 않았다.<br/> Rat에 매일 시료40㎎/㎏, 400㎎/㎏, 1200㎎/㎏을 경구투여한 처음 7일간에는 체중, 해부소견, 혈액의 생화학적 검사에서 별이상이 없었다.<br/> 14일째 전시료투여군의 체중증가율은 대조군보다 평균 약 7% 감소를 보이고 혈청의 생화학적 측정치가 대부분 약간 증가하였다.<br/> 21일째 400㎎/㎏군과 1200㎎/㎏군의 체중증가율이 대조군보다 6.7~5.7% 감소되고 1200㎎/㎏군 1필이 황색간증세를 보였다.<br/> 모든 시험군 GPT 및 GOT는 각각 88~102μ와 164~200μ로 증가하고 alkaline phosphatase도 상승하여 중독의 징후를 보였다.<br/> 28일째 400㎎/㎏군과 1200㎎/㎏군의 체중증가율이 대조군보다 감소되고 이들군에서 각각 1~2필이 황색간을 보였다.<br/> 1200㎎/㎏군 2필이 소장염을 보였다. 모든 시험군은 GPT 92~116μ와 GOT 56~215μ 및 alkaline phosphatase 57~70μ로 증가 되었다. The results of toxicity test using mice and rats for ethanol extract of Bracken Fern collected in Kwang Ju area were shown as follows ;<br/> Up to the dose of 10g per ㎏ of mice administered intraperitoneally there was no lethal toxicity so that it was impossible to calculate the median lethal dose (LD_(50)).<br/> For the first 7 days experiment all rats administered frond extract grouping in 40㎎, 400㎎, and 1200㎎ per ㎏ of rat as the daily oral doses did not show any characterized sign in the weight gain rate, anatomical findings, and biochemical studies. For 3 weeks following the first week the weight gain rates of all test group were reduced to 4.2~7% below the weight gain rate of control.<br/> In this period serum GPT, GOT, and Alkaline phosphatase value were increased significantly indicating the symptoms of Bracken Fern poisonings. The pathological findings of all test groups for 28 days showed acute and chronic intestinal lesion and liver damage with steatosis especially in 1200g/㎏ rat groups. In this experiment the Bracken poisonings appeared slowly in rats of 400㎎/㎏ and 1200㎎/㎏ for two weeks and in rats of 40㎎/㎏ for 3 weeks, showing the symptoms of lowering of weight gain rate, subacute hepatitis, hepatic steatosis and enteritis in 28 days experiment.

五味子抽出物이 Alloxan 負荷家鬼의 血淸成分에 미치는 影響

서화중(Sheo Hwa Joong),이명열(Lee Myung YuI),황경숙(Hwang Gyoung Sook) 한국식품영양과학회 1987 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The effect of Schizandrae fructus extract (S. F. E.) on experimentallly alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits and the acute toxicity on mice were studied;<br/> LD_(50) of the extract was 2l.50g/㎏ by intraperitoneal administration in mice.<br/> S. F. E. showed more rapid recovering effect than the control group; all samples showed excellent effect of lowering the hyperglycemia, that is, the blood glucose level was significantly decreased by 800㎎/㎏ in 2 days and by 200㎎/㎏ in 6 days.<br/> SGPT activity was lowered promptly after 4 days in 800㎎/㎏.<br/> Total cholesterol level was not shown significant lowering effect by 200㎎/㎏, but rapid by 800㎎/㎏, in 6 days; blood urea nitrogen level was decreased gradually in 800㎎/㎏ after 10 days and 14 days in 200㎎/㎏.<br/> In histological studies of pancreas, the sample groups exhibited less karyorrhexis, vacuolar and vesicular change, more stable in contents of β-cells than the control group.

영산강에 서식하는 담수어의 중금속 함유량에 관하여

서화중(Hwa-Joong Sheo),홍석순(Seog-Soon Hong),김충모(Choong-Mo Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1991 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.20 No.6

1990년 영산강의 오염예상지역 송정리와 오염가능지역 동강 및 비오염예상지역 나주호에 서식하는 담수어의 중금속 함유량 측정 결과는 다음과 같다.<br/> Hg 함유량은 평균 0.022~0.139ppm분포이고, 동강의 메기근육에서 가장 높고 동지역의 잉어 아가미가 가장 낮았다. 어종별 수은 함유량의 높은 순서는 메기, 가물치, 붕어, 잉어이고, 이들 측정값은 규제치에 미달된다. Pb함유량은 평균 0.666~1.984ppm이고 송정 붕어뼈가 가장 높고 동지역 잉어 근육이 가장 낮다. 어종별 Pb함유량의 높은 순서가 메기, 붕어, 가물치, 잉어이고, Pb측정치는 국내외 수산물 규제치에 훨씬 미달한다. Zn함유량은 평균 8.673~15.214ppm으로 외국의 규제치 40~50ppm에 훨씬 미달한다. 어종별 Zn함유량의 높은 순서는 붕어, 메기, 가물치, 잉어이고 송정 붕어 아가미가 가장 높고 나주호 붕어 근육이 가장 낮다. Mn함유량은 평균 2.751~5.049ppm이고 동강 메기 아가미가 가장 높고 나주호 메기 근육이 가장 낮다. 어종별 Mn함유량의 높은 순서는 메기, 붕어, 잉어, 가물치이다. Cu함유량은 평균 0.328~1.174ppm이고 동강 가물치 아가미에서 가장 높고 나주호 잉어근육이 가장 낮다. 어종별 Cu함유량의 높은 순서는 가물치, 잉어, 붕어, 메기 이다. Cu검출량도 규제치 이하이다. Cd함유량은 평균 0.017~0.052ppm으로 오염된 상태가 아니라고 생각된다. 동강 잉어 뼈에서 가장 높고 송정 잉어 근육이 가장 낮다. Cd함유량의 높은 순위의 어종은 잉어, 메기, 가물치, 붕어이다.<br/> 이상의 결과로 영산강 담수어의 중금속 오염실태가 아직은 우려 할 정도가 아닌 것으로 판단된다. This study was performed to investigate the contamination level of harmful metals in 4 species of freshwater fishes collected at the three sampling sites of Yeong san river from January to October in 1990. The levels of total mercury, lead, zinc, manganese, copper and cadmium were determined and the results were summarized as follows : The overall range(ppm) were Hg, 0.022~0.139 ; Pb, 0.666~1.984 ; Zn, 8.673~15.214 ; MD, 2.751~5.049 ; Cu, 0.328~1.174 ; Cd, 0.017~0.052. Among the six heavy metals contents, the highest was zinc and the lowest was cadmium. The results showed that all the 4 species of freshwater fishes of Yeong san river studied have not yet dangerous levels enough to pose a health problem.

益母草綠汁이 家兎의 肝臟障碍 및 高血糖에 미치는 影響

서화중(Hwa-joong Sheo),국현숙(Hyun-sook Kook),이명열(Myung-yul Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1987 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.16 No.1

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects of Leonurus sibiricus extract (L.S.E.) on experimentally CCI₄-induced liver damage and alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits;<br/> Leonurus sibiricus juice (L.S.J.) showed the most rapid recuperation of liver function among samples compared to the control group in CCI₄-intoxicated rabbits. SGPT activity showed an apparant decreasing effect in 4 days, and the blood level of total cholesterol and total bilirubin in 6 days, and not in alkaline phosphatase level.<br/> L.S.J. exhibited more excellent hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetes of rabbits, that is, significant to the control group after 2 days and adjacent to the normal level on 8th day. And SGPT activity and total cholesterol level were gradually decreased and showed markedly decreasing effect after 4 days.

益母草 綠汁이 흰쥐의 胃液分泌機能에 미치는 影響

서화중(Hwa-Joong Sheo),이명열(Myun-Yul Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1986 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

These studies were carried out to investigate effects of Leonurus sibiricus green juice on gastric secretion of rats and acute toxicity in mice;<br/> LD_(50)(㎎/㎏) of Leonurus sibiricus extract was 625㎎ ㎏ intraperitoneally in mice.<br/> The groups administered green juice and water extract of Leonurus sibiricus showed more excellent increasing effect in total acidity and peptic activity, and decreasing effect on gastric volume than control group.<br/> But any differences were not found between sample and control group in gastric pH.<br/> It is suggested that Leonurus sibiricus can be used as the bitter stomachics to promote the gastric digestion.

梅實抽出物이 家兎의 Alloxan 糖尿病에 미치는 影響

서화중(Sheo Hwa Joong),고은영(Ko Eun Young),이명열(Lee Myung Yul) 한국식품영양과학회 1987 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

These studies were conducted to investigate effects of Prunns mume extract on experimentally alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbites, antibacterial activity and acute toxicity in mice;<br/> 1. LD_(50) of Prunus mume extract(P. M. E.) was 15.25g/㎏ intraperitoneally in mice.<br/> 2. P. M. E. showed more significant recuperative effect compared to the control group in alloxan-induced diabetes of rabbits.<br/> 1) P.M.E. 800㎎/㎏ bodywelght exhibited more excellent, hypoglycemic effect afte 6 days and adjacent to the normal level at 14th day.<br/> 2) SGPT activity was significantly decreased after 6 days, and the blood levels of total cholesterol and urea-nitrogen were significant in 800㎎/㎏ at 6 days and 10 days respectively.<br/> 3. In antibacterial activity test P.M.E. was active at 0.195㎎/㎖ in Staphyllococcus aureus, 3.125㎎/㎖ in E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.391㎎/㎖.<br/> 4. In histological findings, the sample groups were deeply stained, fully granulated and partial degranulation of β-cells, and a few vacuolar and vesicular changes of cytoplasm than alloxan treated group in proportion to the sample amounts.

都市地域에 居住하는 成長期 兒童의 營養 實態 調査 : 新盤浦 地域과 세검정地域을 中心으로

徐華中,李明烈,鄭惠英 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 自然科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

With the purpose of surveying the influence of living circumstances, the daily food intake, and the growth rate of children, the author distributed question aries for 5.19 children of 7 to 9 years old, in the primary school in Seoul. S school, denoted as group A, was located in relatively higher earning, and K school, denoted those of this school as group B, was located in middle classes in income, Factors of living circumstances such as income and food cost per a household, mother's educational, level, etc. and daily food intake and food habit were surveyed. The physical growth index as a representative of growth rate was calculated by means of weight and height of subject. ln the statistical analysis of the data, percentage calculation, test of independence (x^2 score test) and analysis of variance were used. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; 1) physical growth of children in group A is superior to that in group B in height and weight as well as physical growth index. 2) Income and food cost per a household and mother's educational level are higher in group A than in group B, and Engel's index of a household in group A, most freqently 31~40, is lower tan that of a household in group B, most frequently 51~60. 3) All nutrients except calcium were taken sufficiently in daily food intake for most children in both group A and B. 4) Viewed from physical growth index 17.18% of children in group A turned out to obese, while so 10.97% in group B. The favored foods by obese chi1dren are rice, meat, icecream, and egg, while those by thin children are vegetables. The statistical significant nutrients of the two groups are calory, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake and the physical growth index is increased with increasing amounts of an above nutrients intake. 5) The statistical analysis shows significant dependence of the physical growth index on income of a household, mother's educationa1 level, Engle's index of a household, number of taking snacks in a day, amount of daily nutrients intake. This physical growth index increased with decreasing Engle's index of a household and increasing the other factors mentioned above.