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Predicting Surgery Targets in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy through Structural Connectome Based Simulations
Hutchings, Frances,Han, Cheol E.,Keller, Simon S.,Weber, Bernd,Taylor, Peter N.,Kaiser, Marcus Public Library of Science 2015 PLoS computational biology Vol.11 No.12
<▼1><P>Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a prevalent neurological disorder resulting in disruptive seizures. In the case of drug resistant epilepsy resective surgery is often considered. This is a procedure hampered by unpredictable success rates, with many patients continuing to have seizures even after surgery. In this study we apply a computational model of epilepsy to patient specific structural connectivity derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of 22 individuals with left TLE and 39 healthy controls. We validate the model by examining patient-control differences in simulated seizure onset time and network location. We then investigate the potential of the model for surgery prediction by performing <I>in silico</I> surgical resections, removing nodes from patient networks and comparing seizure likelihood post-surgery to pre-surgery simulations. We find that, first, patients tend to transit from non-epileptic to epileptic states more often than controls in the model. Second, regions in the left hemisphere (particularly within temporal and subcortical regions) that are known to be involved in TLE are the most frequent starting points for seizures in patients in the model. In addition, our analysis also implicates regions in the contralateral and frontal locations which may play a role in seizure spreading or surgery resistance. Finally, the model predicts that patient-specific surgery (resection areas chosen on an individual, model-prompted, basis and not following a predefined procedure) may lead to better outcomes than the currently used routine clinical procedure. Taken together this work provides a first step towards patient specific computational modelling of epilepsy surgery in order to inform treatment strategies in individuals.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a disorder characterised by unpredictable seizures, where surgical removal of brain tissue is often the final treatment option. In roughly 30% of cases surgery procedures are unsuccessful at preventing future seizures. This paper shows the application of a computational model which uses patient derived brain connectivity to predict the success rates of surgery in people with TLE. We consider the brains of 22 patients as networks, with brain regions as nodes and the white matter connections between them as edges. The brain network is unique to each subject and produced from brain imaging scans of 22 patients and 39 controls. Seizures are simulated before and after surgery, where surgery in the model is the removal of nodes from the network. The model successfully identifies regions known to be involved in TLE, and its predicted success rates for surgery are close to the results found in reality. The model additionally provides patient specific recommendations for surgical procedures, which in simulations show improved results compared to standard surgery in every case. This is a first step towards designing personalised surgery procedures in order to improve surgery success rates.</P></▼2>
SNS 상에서의 익명성 디자인 요소가 사용자의 감정 표현에 미치는 영향
서기슬(Kiseul Suh),Patrick Hutchings,June Kyong Trondsen,이원재(Wonjae Lee),도영임(Young Yim Doh) 한국HCI학회 2014 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.2
SNS 와 인터넷 커뮤니티에서는 사용자가 인지하는 익명성 수준에 따라 서로 다른 사용자 행동이 나타난다. 여기서 익명성 수준은 단지 실명을 사용하느냐 사용하지 않느냐를 뜻하는 것이 아니라, SNS 상의 프로필 사진 게시, 자신의 소속 및 주소를 기입하는 과정, 취미등의 개인 정보를 게시하는 행동 등을 통해 사용자들이 체험하는 자기 노출 정도를 말한다. 본 연구에서 이러한 익명성 수준이 사용자들의 SNS 사용 방식과 감정 표현에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아 보기 위한 것이다. 설문과 인터뷰를 통해 익명성과 자기노출에 영향을 주는 서비스 디자인 요소를 분류하고, 그에 따라 독자적인 SNS 를 구축하여 파일럿 실험을 진행하였다. 3 일간 다이어리를 작성하는 실험에서 사용자들의 감정 표현 방식을 정성적으로 분석하였으며, 그 결과 익명으로 참여하는 사용자들은 실명으로 참여하는 사용자에 비하며, 부정적 감정 표현 및 자기 자신을 자책하는 표현을 더 많이 사용하였다. 이러한 감정 표현행동은 사용자들의 심리적 어려움을 발견하는 데 중요한 단서가 될 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 온라인 상담, 헬스 캐어 커뮤니케이션, 집단 내 커뮤니티 운영 등에 필요한 서비스 디자인 설계에서, 해당 맥락에 적합한 익명성 수준을 조절하는 기준을 설정하는데 지침을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.
Modelling Atmosphere Perceptions of Dynamic Coloured Lightings
Qiyan Zhai,Bing Li,J. B. Hutchings,Fangtian Ying,Ming Ronnier Luo 한국색채학회 2017 AIC 2017 Jeju Vol.2017 No.10
This study investigates the atmosphere perception of dynamic coloured lighting in a living room with multi-channel tuneable LED luminaires. Thirty Chinese observers evaluated 36 light conditions (2 luminance, 2 chroma, 3 hue range types, 3 speeds) using a questionnaire of 25 response scales. Four atmosphere factors, coziness, spaciousness, liveliness and warmth, were extracted and modelled based on the lighting parameters.
Polyakov, I.V.,Bolton, R.,Greve, R.,Hutchings, J.,Kim, S.J.,Kim, Y.,Lee, S.H.,Ohata, T.,Saito, F.,Sugimoto, A.,Suzuki, R. Elsevier Science 2014 Polar science Vol.8 No.2
Rapid and dramatic climate changes in the Arctic and the projection of their impacts on lower-latitude regions require careful evaluation, understanding, and use of multidisciplinary, internationally coordinated efforts. The Third International Symposium on Arctic Research (ISAR-3), devoted to these objectives, was held on January 14-17, 2013 in Tokyo, and was an essential step in this direction. The pool of papers that make up this Special Issue provides an insight into the discussions conducted during the ISAR-3 meeting.
The Horizontal Branch Population of NGC 1851 as Revealed by the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT)
Subramaniam, Annapurni,Sahu, Snehalata,Postma, Joseph E.,Cô,té,, Patrick,Hutchings, J. B.,Darukhanawalla, N.,Chung, Chul,Tandon, S. N.,Rao, N. Kameswara,George, K.,Ghosh, S. K.,Girish, V.,M American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astronomical journal Vol.154 No.6
<P>We present the UV photometry of the globular cluster NGC 1851 using images acquired with the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard the ASTROSAT satellite. Point-spread function fitting photometric data derived from images in two far-UV (FUV) filters and one near-UV (NUV) filter are used to construct color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), in combination with HST and ground-based optical photometry. In the FUV, we detect only the bluest part of the cluster horizontal branch (HB); in the NUV, we detect the full extent of the HB, including the red HB, blue HB, and a small number of RR Lyrae stars. UV variability was detected in 18 RR Lyrae stars, and three new variables were also detected in the central region. The UV/optical CMDs are then compared with isochrones of different age and metallicity (generated using Padova and BaSTI models) and synthetic HB (using helium-enhanced Y2 models). We are able to identify two populations among the HB stars, which are found to have either an age range of 10-12. Gyr, or a range in Y-ini of 0.23-0.28, for a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.2 to -1.3. These estimations from the UV CMDs are consistent with those from optical studies. The almost-complete sample of the HB stars tends to show a marginal difference in spatial/azimuthal distribution among the blue and red HB stars. Thus, this study showcases the capability of UVIT, with its excellent resolution and large field of view, to study the hot stellar population in Galactic globular clusters.</P>
The Role of Genetic Variation Near Interferon-Kappa in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Harley, Isaac T. W.,Niewold, Timothy B.,Stormont, Rebecca M.,Kaufman, Kenneth M.,Glenn, Stuart B.,Franek, Beverly S.,Kelly, Jennifer A.,Kilpatrick, Jeffrey R.,Hutchings, David,Divers, Jasmin,Bruner, G Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology Vol.2010 No.-
<P>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by increased type I interferons (IFNs) and multiorgan inflammation frequently targeting the skin. IFN-kappa is a type I IFN expressed in skin. A pooled genome-wide scan implicated the <I>IFNK</I> locus in SLE susceptibility. We studied <I>IFNK</I> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3982 SLE cases and 4275 controls, composed of European (EA), African-American (AA), and Asian ancestry. rs12553951C was associated with SLE in EA males (odds ratio = 1.93, <I>P</I> = 2.5 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>), but not females. Suggestive associations with skin phenotypes in EA and AA females were found, and these were also sex-specific. <I>IFNK</I> SNPs were associated with increased serum type I IFN in EA and AA SLE patients. Our data suggest a sex-dependent association between <I>IFNK</I> SNPs and SLE and skin phenotypes. The serum IFN association suggests that <I>IFNK</I> variants could influence type I IFN producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells in affected skin.</P>