Application of galactinol to tomato enhances tolerance to cold and heat stresses

Liu Yudong,Zhang Li,Ma Jian,Meng Sida,Pang Chunpeng,Zhao Xiaomeng,Zhang Huidong,Wang Shou,Xu Tao,He Yi,Liu Yufeng,Qi Mingfang 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.3

Galactinol, a galactosyl donor, is the key substrate in raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthesis pathways. Many studies proved that galactinol also regulates some defense-related genes to be transcribed as a sugar signal under biotic and abiotic stresses. There are four galactinol synthase (SlGolS) genes in tomato. In this study, SlGolS1, SlGolS2, and SlGolS4 responded to cold stress, especially SlGolS1 stems treated for 12 h and SlGolS4 stems treated for 24 h. Under heat stress, the expression levels of SlGolS1, SlGolS2, and SlGolS3, especially SlGolS1 and SlGolS2, increased in leaves, roots, and stems. When expressed in E. coli cells, SlGolS2 and SlGolS4 enhanced cold tolerance, whereas SlGolS1 and SlGolS3 improved heat tolerance. These results suggested that SlGolS family members played different roles in tolerance to cold and heat stresses. In addition, the application of galactinol or galactinol + α-galactosidase inhibitor (DGJ) improved the cold and heat tolerances of tomato plants, whereas the single application of DGJ had no effect. Interestingly, the applications of DGJ, galactinol, and galactinol + DGJ also affected the expression levels of SlRS, SlSTS, and SlAGAL under cold and heat stresses. These findings indicated that galactinol was involved in the biosynthesis pathways of RFOs as a galactosyl donor and regulated the expression levels of RFO biosynthesis and breakdown-related genes as a sugar signal under cold and heat stresses.

Effects of viscous damping models on a single-layer latticed dome during earthquakes

Huidong Zhang,Jinpeng Wang,Xiaoshuai Zhang,Guoping Liu 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.62 No.4

Rayleigh damping model is recommended in the recently developed Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) methodology, but this methodology does not provide sufficient information due to the complexity of the damping mechanism. Furthermore, each Rayleigh-type damping model may have its individual limitations. In this study, Rayleigh-type damping models that are used widely in engineering practice are discussed. The seismic performance of a large-span single-layer latticed dome subjected to earthquake ground motions is investigated using different Rayleigh damping models. Herein a simulation technique is developed considering low cycle fatigue (LCF) in steel material. In the simulation technique, Ramberg-Osgood steel material model with the low cycle fatigue effect is used to simulate the non-uniformly distributed material damping and low cycle fatigue damage in the structure. Subsequently, the damping forces of the structure generated by different damping models are compared and discussed; the effects of the damping ratio and roof load on the damping forces are evaluated. Finally, the low cycle fatigue damage values in sections of members are given using these damping models. Through a comparative analysis, an appropriate Rayleigh-type damping model used for a large span single-layer latticed dome subjected to earthquake ground motions is determined in terms of the existing damping models.

Strengthening extraction of lithium and rubidium from activated α-spodumene concentrate via sodium carbonate roasting

Huidong Zhou,Yubo Liu,Baozhong Ma,Chengyan Wang,Yongqiang Chen 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.123 No.-

As a critical resource, lithium is necessary for the flourishing of clean energy as an upstream raw material. With the global popularity of lithium batteries and strict requirements for environmental protection, ashort, cost-effective lithium extraction process from a-spodumene was critical. In this paper, a novel processfor efficient and direct extraction of lithium from a-spodumene was proposed. The main contents ofthe process were sodium roasting, water quenching and strengthening leaching. Firstly, the thermodynamicbehavior of the roasting products was analyzed using Factsage 7.0 software. Subsequently, the factorsof lithium extraction were investigated by single-factor condition experiments. And the responsesurface methodology (RSM) was used to carry out the three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experiments. The investigation revealed that a-spodumene reacted directly with Na2CO3 at high temperature toform Li2SiO3, NaAlSiO4, and Na2SiO3. The stable aluminosilicate structure in a-spodumene was destroyedby the combined effect of sodium roasting and water quenching, which played a significant role in therelease of lithium. In addition, the Na2CO3 dosage dominated the effect of lithium extraction, followedby roasting temperature and roasting time. Based on the model optimization results, the optimal roastingconditions were determined to be roasting at 1100 C for 30 min with the addition of 45% Na2CO3. Theextraction rates of Li and Rb were 95.9% and 90.3%, respectively, whereas those of Al was only 1.5%. This process provides a technological solution for the high-efficiency and synergistic extraction of valuableelements in a-spodumene.

Effect of Ion Source Current on the Microstructure and Properties of Cr-DLC Coatings Prepared by Ion Beam-Assisted Arc Ion Plating

Yao Cai,Huidong Liu,Ye Ma,Qiang Wan,Hao Cheng,Yan Liu,Yanming Chen,Qingsong Mei,Bing Yang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.5

Cr-containing diamond-like carbon (Cr-DLC) nanocomposite coatings were synthesized by ion beam-assisted arc ion plating with varying hollow cathode ion source (HCIS) currents. The morphologies, compositions and microstructures were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-Ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Hardness and friction coefficient were investigated by using nanoindentation and ball-on-disc tribometer, respectively. With no HCIS current, the coating exhibits the maximal growth rate and a rough surface, as well as lower hardness and elastic modulus. With the increasing HCIS current from 40 A to 80 A, the growth rate and the content of chromium carbide decrease obviously, the sp3/sp2 ratio increases initially to the maximum at the HCIS current of 60 A, the highest hardness and elastic modulus are obtained at the HCIS current of 50 A. It is also revealed that moderate HCIS current can reduce surface roughness obviously and promote tribological properties. The correlation of the HCIS current with the microstructure and performance of Cr-DLC coating has been established.

Functional response of Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs

Hui Dong,Quanquan Liu,Lina Xie,Bin Cong,Huan Wang 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3

Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are haplo-diploid egg parasitoid wasps widely used as biological control agents against the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Two reproductive modes have been found in this species. Typically, female wasps produce haploid male offspring from unfertilized eggs and diploid female offspring from fertilized eggs (bisexual). However, they can also produce only diploid females when they are infected with Wolbachia, though the eggs are unfertilized (thelytokokous). To investigate the potential of a thelytokous Wolbachia-infected (TdW+) and a bisexual uninfected (Td) T. dendrolimi strain as inundative biocontrol agents, the functional responses of both strains toward their natural enemy (Asian corn borer) were evaluated at three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C). The results revealed two types of functional response for both strains: type II and III. TdW+strain displayed type II at 30 °C (high temperature) and III at 20 °C (low temperature) and 25 °C, while Td strain displayed type II at 20 °C and III at 25 °C and 30 °C. The comparison of functional response between two strains indicated TdW+ and Td strain had no significant difference at 20 °C. However, the estimated host handling time of the TdW+ strain was significantly shorter than that of the Td strain at 25 °C, and TdW+ strain had significantly higher instantaneous search rate and shorter handling time than Td strain at 30 °C. Shorter host handling time and higher instantaneous search rate in thelytokous Wolbachia-infected T. dendrolimi showed that this strain might be more effective for controlling Asian corn borer.

Safety evaluation of four entomopathogenic nematode species against two silkworm species

Hui Dong,Yu BI,Jia-Lin WANG,Yan-Qun Liu,Huan Wang 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.3

Chinese oak silkworm(Antheraea pernyi) andmulberry silkworm(Bombyx mori) are economically important insects used for silk production and food resource. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) from the families of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are beneficial organisms currently considered in biological control. In this paper, we evaluated survival of two silkworm species exposed to four Steinernema species which are widely applied in pest control. The results showed that among four Steinernema species, S. bicornutum and S. feltiae did not have an effect on the larval survival to the two silkworm species, whereas S. carpocapsae and S. glaseri did have an effect. Each Steinernema species poses no threat to hatchability of eggs, pupation rate, larval durations and cocoon shell ratio.