Quantifying drivers' acceptance of renewable fuel standard: Results from a choice experiment in South Korea

Huh, S.Y.,Kwak, D.,Lee, J.,Shin, J. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIR Vol.32 No.-

The production and use of renewable fuels in the transport sector are rapidly increasing. Renewable fuel standard (RFS) is a strong regulatory component and quantitative policy expected to have a significant market impact. In Korea, RFS implementation was agreed upon in July 2013 and will be enforced beginning in July 2015. Drivers' acceptance is the most important consideration for RFS introduction and sustainable implementation. This study analyzed Korean customer preferences for RFS and quantified their acceptance level according to policy design. A choice experiment was analyzed with a mixed logit model to reflect the heterogeneity of respondents' preferences. Respondents were relatively sensitive to the price increase, while other attributes had little effect on acceptance of RFS. Differences between the influences of attributes on drivers' acceptance should be considered when designing RFS implementation. Furthermore, it is recommended that the price of transportation fuels should be limited to an increase between KRW 10 and 20/liter (USD 8.879x10<SUP>-3</SUP> and 1.776x10<SUP>-2</SUP>/liter) to ensure high acceptance level, secure a budget for infrastructure, and achieve substantial environmental improvement.

박막자기헤드의 집적공정 기술개발에 관한 연구

이석윤,허명수,손동수,황병철,조동율,천희곤,오태희,송병무,송한식,이우형,이광철,김오규,권영규,구경완 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The thin film growing processes and the photolithographic techniques involved in the manufacturing of thin film magnetic heads are discussed. The thin film heads are composed of the hundreds of electromagnetic transducers on a single wafer and are made of Al_(2)O_(3)-TiC substrate on which Al_(2)O_(3) film as a insulating, protective layer and gap material, Cu film as a multi-turn coil and permalloy film as a magnetic material are deposited and patterned. In this article we will introduce how the thin film heads is fabricated and differ from an integrated semiconductor device. An effort is devoted to develop the formation of PR frame using a lithography process and finally the thin film heads manufacturing technologies.

Geotechnical Characteristics of Marine Clay in Busan New Port

Chung, S.G.,Ryu, C.K.,Beak, S.H.,Huh, D.Y.,Jo, K.Y.,Lee, N.K.,Ninjgarav 東亞大學校建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.1

Since early 1990s reclamation projects in Busan and its vicinity in Nakdong River plain have been performed for industrial and residential complexes. As well it has started to build a new port (Busan Newport) due to increase in overloads of Busan port since late 1990s. In the area the sedimentary deposit is composed of soft clay of about 30m thick, thin sand layer of 3-4m thick, hard clayey soil, and then basal conglomerates and sandy sediments, total thickness of which is about 70m at the maximum under seawater. For the huge project many contract companies have simultaneously performed geotechnical investigations to get design parameters. Based on the harmful experiences gained by the previous projects, it was also required to pay careful attention to sampling and laboratory and field tests for the project. Nevertheless the results of laboratory tests were so scattered and then resulted in difficulty to evaluate the design parameters. Existing data has been reviewed to evaluate the validity or cause of their variation. In addition geological study, sampling and soil tests have been carefully carried out at a few locations. Using the results the clay would be effectively characterized for depositional environment and its relation to soil properties.

Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts

Park, S.Y.,Lee, H.U.,Lee, Y.C.,Kim, G.H.,Park, E.C.,Han, S.H.,Lee, J.G.,Choi, S.,Heo, N.S.,Kim, D.L.,Huh, Y.S.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2014 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.42 No.-

This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm<SUP>2</SUP> with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model.

한국 성인에서 비알콜성 지방간의 중증도에 따른 대사이상의 특징

김형진,김대중,김수경,김세화,이유미,안철우,차봉수,송영득,임승길,김경래,이현철,허갑범 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.4

연구배경: 30세 이상의 성인 한국인에서 지방간의 중증도와 대사증후군의 여러 요소들 (특히 인슐린저항성 및 중심성비만)과의 관련성을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 대상자는 2001년 4월부터 6월까지 건강검진센터를 방문한 사람들 중 만성 바이러스성 간염이나 일주일에 2회 이상 음주력이 있는 사람들을 제외한 1074명 (남자 502, 여자 572)에서 문진, 신체검사, 채혈 그리고 복부초음파를 시행하였다. 결과: 1074명중 522명에서 지방간이 양성이어서 양성율은 49%였으며 남성은 여성에 비해 높은 유병률을 보였다. (57 vs 42%, p<0.05). 당뇨병, 비만 그리고 이상지질증을 가지지 않은 사람들에서 비알콜성 지방간의 유병률은 20%였다. 지방간이 양성인 522명중 218명은 경도, 273명은 중등도, 31명은 중증의 지방간 소견을 보였다. 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 체지방률, 수축기혈압, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 그리고 총콜레스테롤/고밀도지단백 비는 지방간의 중증도에 따라 의미있게 증가하는 양상을 보였다(p<0.05). 다중회귀분석을 시행하였을 때 지방간의 중증도를 잘 반영하는 인자로는 허리둘레, alanine aminotransferase, HONA_IR, 총콜레스테롤/고밀도지단백비, aspartate aminotransferase, 그리고 수축기혈압의 순서로 나타났다. 공복혈당장애, 고혈압 및 인슐린저항성은 지방간을 가진 군에서 대조군보다 의미있게 높은 빈도를 보였을 뿐만 아니라 지방간의 중증도에 따라 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 인슐린저항성은 심한 지방간에 비교위험도가 14.7(CI; 6.8∼32.0), 중등도의 지방간에서 6.9(CI; 4.6∼10.3), 경도의 지방간에서 5.7(CI; 3.6∼8.8)이었으며 HOMA_IR의 상위 1/4을 인슐린저항성이 있는 군으로 정의하였을 때 각군에 인슐리저항성을 가진 비율은 7.6, 32.0, 36.0, 그리고 55%였다(p<0.05). 지방간의 중증도에 따른 비알콜성 지방간염의 고위험군 비율은 각각 5.0, 21.6, 27.8, 그리고 58.1%였다(p<0.05). 결론: 우리나라의 비알콜성 지방간의 빈도는 서구인에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 비알콜성 지방간이 있을 경우 대사증후군과 관련된 여러인자들(특히 인슐린저항성과 중심성비만)과 비알콜성 지방간염의 위험이 현저히 증가하며 초음파의 중증도 분류에 따라 비례하였다. Background: We evaluated the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the associations between the metabolic abnormalities and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults using ultrasonography. Methods: We examined 1074 Korean adults above the age of 30 years, comprising of 502 men and 572 women, participating in medical check-ups at the Health Promotion Center. Hepatitis B and C serologies were negative, and the average weekly alcohol intake was ≤ 2 standard drinks. A standard interview, physical exam and biochemical study, were conducted, and an experienced operator carried out ultrasound liver studies. Results: 522 of the subjects had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the remaining 552 did not. The frequency in the men was higher than that in the women (57 vs 42%, p<0.05). The frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the subjects without diabetes, obesity or dyslipidemia was 20%. We classified subjects into 4 groups: the controls (n=552) and those with mild (n=218), moderate (n=273) or severe fatty liver disease (n=31), according to their ultrasonographic findings. BMI, waist circumference, body fat, systolic blood pressure, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, the total-to HDL-cholesterol ratio, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension and insulin resistance, were all significantly increase with the increased severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (p<0.05). Following the multiple regression analyses, waist, alanine, aminotransferase, HOMAIR, the total- to HDL-cholesterol ratio, aspartate aminotransferase and systolic blood pressure, were all associated with the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Odd ratios of insulin resistance in the mild, moderate and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were 14.7 (CI: 6.8∼32.0), 6.9 (CI: 4.6∼10.3) and 5.7 (CI 3.6∼8.8), respectively. The percentages of subjects with insulin resistance in each group were 7.6, 32.0, 36.0 and 55.0% (p<0.05), respectively. The percentages of subjects with risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatits in each groups were 5.0, 21.6, 27.8 and 581% (p<0.05) respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was relatively high in Korean adults. Proportional differences in metabolic abnormalities, relation to the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, were found by ultrasonography (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:514∼525, 2002).

동 박막의 피로한도

허용학(Y.-H Huh),김동진(D.J. Kim),이해무(H.M. Lee),홍성구(S.G. Hong),박준협(J.H. Park) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

Fatigue limit of the copper film coated by Sn was estimated by using Goodman diagram and Gerber diagram. To obtain the high cycle fatigue life S-N curve of the film, the high cycle fatigue test was carried out by applying the constant amplitude load to the film specimen with three different stress ratio of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 and the frequency of 40 ㎐ at room temperature in air. The film specimen 15.26㎛ thick was fabricated by etching process. The fatigue limits and S-N curves at the respective stress ratios were determined from the experimental works. It was shown that the S-N curves were dependent on the stress ratio and the fatigue limit was increased with decreasing the stress ratio. The dependency of the fatigue behavior was presented in empirical relationship. Using these relationships, the fatigue limit was predicted.

스퍼터링으로 증착된 Na ionic conductive thin film을 이용한 CO₂센서의 제작 및 특성

방영일,송갑득,주병수,임채근,권오식,배재철,허증수,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

전도성 고분자의 광 특성을 이용한 가스센서의 개발

임채근,이상문,이윤수,허용현,방영일,권오식,허증수,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

뇌로 전이된 인세포암(Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma) 1례 보고

허양옥,이동화,박응범,이유복,정헌화,김헌주,김상철,정상섭,이헌재 中央醫學社 1975 中央醫學 Vol.28 No.4

The metastatic carcinoma of the brain comprises about 15 to 25 per cent of total brain tumors and most of them originate from the lung. Additional primary sites such as the breast, kidney, large intestine, prostate are rare and the stomach as primary site is very rare. We experienced a case of metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma to the brain originated from the stomach, which was thought as subdural hematoma at the time of admission.

除草劑 使用方法을 爲한 硏究 : Ⅵ. Weeding Efficacy and Yield Response of Soybeans(Glycine max.) Cropped at Different Seasons as Affected by Foliar Spraying of Acifluorfen in Various Rates. Ⅵ. 大豆(Glycine max.) 作付樣式에 따른 莖葉處理用 除草濟 ACIFLUORFEN의 藥量反應 硏究

孫秀徹,金東均,具滋玉,許祥萬 順天大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

大豆의 作期를 單作, 中間作, 麥後作으로 달리하면서 合理的인 除草를 하기 爲하여 莖葉處理濟인 Acifluorfen을 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75kg ai/ha도 달리 處理함으로써 適定使用水準을 探索하였다. 試驗은 灌排水施設이 具備된 田作圃에서 區當面積 20㎡, 3反復으로 進行되었으며 얻어진 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. Acifluorfen을 大豆 2~4 復葉期에 莖葉處理함으로써 다소 莖葉委凋褐班, 葉脈破裂等의 藥害症勢 및 初期生育抑制現象이 있었으나 回復速度가 빨랐으며, 出葉에는 差異가 없었다. 2. 草種別 除草效果는 피의 경우, Acifluorfen 0.75에서 바랭이의 경우 0.50~0.25, 廣葉 및 莎草科는 0.25kg ai/ha의 水準에서 有意的인 差異를 期持할수 있었다. 3. Acifluorfen의 莖葉處理로 除草效果는 單作에 가장 敏感하였고 大豆莖乾重은 中間期에서 中間作에서 敏感한 比率의 差異를 誘發하였으나 種實收量은 作期가 빠를수록 敏感한 反應을 보였다. 4. Acifluorfen에 依한 作物收量 增大는 作物의 生長 보다도 作物의 株當莢數 및 株當種實數 增大를 通하여 構成되는 傾向이었다 5. 單作의 大豆 收量性은 모든 雜草重의 發生數나 生育量의 영향을 받는 反面 中間作은 바랭이와 雙子葉雜草, 麥後作은 피와 雙子葉雜草의 영향을 有意的으로 받으며 決定되는 傾向이 있다 To determinate the proper rate of Acifluorfen as a foliar spraying herbicide on soybean fields, 4 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75kg ai/ha.) of application rates and 3 cropping stages (mono-, mediate-and after-barley-cropping) were detected in 3 replications. As results; Some phytotxicity symptoms on the crop leaf and retardants of seedling growth were found, but no evidences in number of leaves developed per plant. Not only the most dominanted species (barnyard grass and crabgrass), but also some sedges and broadleaves were significantly controlled by treatments and adding of Acifluorfen application rates. Namely, barnyardgrass at 0.75, crabgrass at 0.5-0.25, and both broad-leaves and sedges at 0.25kg a/ha of Acifluorfen, respectively. By use of Acifluorfen in foliar treatment, more sensitive weeding efficacies were found in grain yields of soybeans at earlier croppings. Constitution of soybean yields were oriented rather by number of pods and seeds per crop plant than by the amount of crop plant growth. The yielding at monocropping was significantly affected by the amount of all weed species emerged, however that at mediate-cropping and after-barley-cropping were by crabgrass and broadleaves, or barnyard grass and broadleaves, repectively.