유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향

홍희숙(Hee-Sook Hong),장영숙(Young-Sook Jang) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2013 한국교육문제연구 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 경기도 수원시와 인천시에 소재한 6곳 유치원에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아 250명과 그들의 부모 250명이다. 유아의 기질을 살펴보기 위하여 정인희와 황혜정(2009)에 의해 개발된 부모용 유아 기질 평정척도를 사용하였으며, 부모의 언어통제 유형을 측정하기 위해서는 Bernstein(1971)과 Gumperz(1973)의 연구를 토대로 도혜숙(1997)이 제작한 도구를 사용하였다. 유아의 리더십을 측정하기 위하여 장영숙과 황윤세(2009)에 의해 개발된 교사용 유아 리더십 측정도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 유아의 기질과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 유아의 리더십은 유아의 기질의 하위변인 중 반응성, 적응성, 지속성, 전환성과 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 부모의 언어통제 유형과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 부모의 인성지향적 언어통제와 지위지향적 언어통제는 유아의 리더십과 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제, 아버지의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 인성지향적 언어통제, 유아 기질 중 규칙성과 적응성의 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 리더십을 가장 많이 예언하는 변인은 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제이었다. 본 연구는 유아의 리더십을 발달시키기 위해서는 유아의 기질에 대한 올바른 이해 뿐 아니라 부모가 바람직한 언어통제 유형을 사용해야 한다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children’s temperament and their parents’ verbal control modes on young children’s leadership. The subjects of this study consisted of 250 young children and their parents in six kindergartens of Incheon and Suwon City. In-Hee Jung and Hae-Jeong Hwang’s young children’s temperament scale for parents(2009) was used for the test of young children’s temperament, and Hae-Sook Do’s instrument(1997) was employed for the evaluation of parents’ verbal control modes. In order to evaluate young children’s leadership, young children’s leadership scale for teachers developed by Young-Sook Jang and Yoon-Se Hwang(2009) was used. The results of the study were as follows. First, responsiveness, adaptability, persistence, and transformation among young children’s temperament were positively correlated with their leadership. Second, for both fathers and mothers, human nature-oriented verbal control mode and position-oriented verbal control mode among parents’ verbal control modes were positively correlated with young children’s leadership. Third, young children’s leadership was most significantly explained by fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode followed by fathers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode, young children’s regularity and adaptability. Fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode was the most predictable factor in explaining young children’s leadership. This study showed the importance of desirable use of parents’ verbal control mode as well as better understanding of young children’s temperament for fostering young children’s leadership.

Nifedipine 투여가 선천성 고혈압 쥐의 CYP1A1과 2B1 유도에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,김형래,박혜영,배영숙,박상신 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1995 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.18 No.3

Cytochrome P-450(CYP) enzymes are important in catalyzing the hiotransffrmation on manyendogeneous compounds and xenobiotics, including drugs and carcinogens. In the presentstudy, effect of nifedipine a voltage dependent calcium channel blocker on the induction ofCYP1A1 and 2B1 was investigated. Change of CYP1A1 and 2B1 activities were measuredby using specific enzyme activities and Western blot analysis. CYP1A1, as quantified by ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase activity and Western blot with monoclonal antibody 1-7-1, increasedin liver microsome of nifedipine-treated spontaneous hypertensive rat(SHR. 30mg/kg.b.w, twicea day for 3days) but not in kidney microsome. CYP2B1, as quantified by benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity and Western blot wit]1 monoclonal antibody 2-66-3, markedly increasedin liver microsome of nifedipine-treated SHR but slightly in kidney microsome. The resultsdemonstrate that nifedipine is a potent inducer of CYP2B1 in SHR.

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

膽道閉塞과 副腎剔除 白鼠에서 Hydrocortisone 投與가 2-Acetylaminofluorene의 Hydroxylation에 미치는 影響

洪永淑,成樂應 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1981 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.27 No.-

AAF의 대사물질인 N-hydroxy-AAF는 간암을 일으키는 물질이다. AAF의 대사과정은 hepatic microsomal enzyme에 의해서 이루어 진다. 이런 발암물질 형성에 hydrccoritsone이 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 이실험을 시도하였다. 담도폐색, 부신척제, 담도폐색과 부신척제를 동시에 한 군, 부신척제와 hydrocortisone을 투여한 군 그리고 담도폐색과 부신척제를 동시에 한 군에 hydrocortisone을 12일간 투여한 숫컷과 암컷 흰쥐에서 hepatic microsomal enzyme system에 의한 AAF의 hydroxlation형성을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 담도폐색군에서 N-hydroxy-AAF의 형성은 대조군보다 숫컷 흰주에서 52%, 암컷 흰쥐에서 75% 감소하였다. 2. 부신척제군에서 N-hydroxy-AAF의 형성은 숫컷은 43% 암컷은 57%가 감소하였다. 그러나 hydrocortisone을 투여하였을 때는 약 20% 증가하였다. 3. 담도폐색과 부신척제를 동시에 수술한 군에서 숫컷은 66%, 암컷은 35%의 N-hydroxy-AAF형성이 감소하였다, 그러나 hydrocortis-one을 투여하였을 때도 N-hydroxy-AAF형성은 증가하지 않았다. 4. Hydrocortisone만을 투여하였을 때 N-hydroxy-AAF의 형성은 숫컷이 19%와 암컷이 16% 증가하였다. 이상의 결과들로 부신피질 호르몬은 간암 발생을 위하여 꼭 필요한 인자라는 것과 부신척제와 담도폐색 흰쥐에서는 간암 발생을 저해한다는 것을 시사하는 것이다. The formation of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaninofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF) by bile-duct ligated male and female rats were reduced to about 50 and 75 per cent respectively. Adrenalectomized male and female rats decreased about 40 and 57 per cent formation of N-hydroxy-AAF than unoperated rate. Administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone for 12 days largely incre-ased the formation of N-hydroxy-AAF by adrenalectomized rats. In adrenalectomized-bile-duct ligated male and female rats, the formation of N-hydroxy-AAF was reduced to 66 and 35 per cent respcctively. Administration of hydrocortisone did not affect on the formation of N-hydroxy-AAF by the dougle operated rats. Administration of hydrocortisone alone caused the increase of the formation of N-hydroxy-AAF by about 20 per cent. These results indicate that adrenalectomy does not affect the breakdown or further metabo lism of N-hydroxy-AAF. Therefore, it appears that adrenal hormones regulate the format-ion of N-hydroxy-AAF. It is suggested that one of the roles of adrenal hormones in promoting hepatic carcino-genesis by 2-acetylaminofluorne in the rat, as shown by other investigatiors, may promote the formation of maintanance of higher levels of the N-hydroxy derivatives.

여성용 춘추복지의 태에 관한 연구 (제1보) : 태의 주관적 평가척도 개발을 중심으로 Development for the Subjective Hand Evaluation Scale

홍경희,김재숙,박춘순,박길순,이영선,김재임 한국의류학회 1994 한국의류학회지 Vol.18 No.3

KES-F system is widely used in hand evaluation, however, it has encountered some challenges, such as the overlapping of primary hand value, lack of predictability in case of women's thin dress, difficulties in communication due to complexity of primary hand expression and cultural differences in subjective evaluation. Therefore, this study was intended 1) to find out the Korean primary hand expressions (factors) of the overall concept of fabric hand associated with women's spring-fall dress fabrics, 2) to develope the fabric hand attributes of those fabrics and 3) to show whether there are any differences between Korean textile experts and non-experts in terms of the concept of fabric hand descriptors of hand attributes. Data base of hand descriptors were collected by extensive interview 60 experts and 10 non-experts using 110 spring-fall dress fabrics. Finally, hand of selected fabrics was assessed by 205 experts and 265 non-experts using 7-point scale of 26 descriptors based on the data base. Subjective ratings were analyzed by common factor analysis with varimax rotation. It was found that Korean primary hand expression indicated rather simple property, hence, did not equate exactly with Japanese experssion(e.g. koshi, shinayakasa, etc.) which contains several material properties. There were differences in stretch & resilience, especially liveliness, between the judgement of non-expert than to experts. Surface-related category was more important to non-experts than to experts. Slight differences were found between both groups in terms of preferred descriptors. Important descriptors as a rating scale were suggested.

고혈압성 흰쥐(Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat)에서 Nifedipine투여가 UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,배영숙 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1990 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-

UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT) activity was studied in hepatic microsomal preparation from rats treated with nifedipine. The substrates 1-naphthol, P-nitrophenol, 4-methylumbelliferone and bilirubine were used. With 1-naphthol, nifedipine 2 and 4 weeks treatment caused 6-and 7.3-fold, respectively, increase in activity over the control value. With 4-methylumbelliferone, nifedipine 2 and 4 weeks treatment caused 5-and 6-fold increase in activity over the control value. With P-nitrophenol, nifedipine 2 and 4 weeks treatment caused both approximately 3-fold increase in activity over the control value. However bilirubin-UDPGT activity was not affected by this inducer effects of nifedipine on the hepatic monooxygenase system in rats were investigated. P-Nitroanisole-O-demethylase, NADPH-cy-singificantly increased to 390,290 and 150% of control rats, respectively. The selectivity of nifedipine of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was investigated in rat liver microsomes and compared with their effect on monooxygenase reactions. Similar to 3-meth-lycholanthrene-type seletively stimulated the glucuronidation induced both UDPGT_1 and monooxygenase activity, probably through a common receptor protein.

Naloxone이 흰쥐 간조직의 Mixed-Function Oxidation과 Lipid Peroxidation에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,성낙응,배영숙 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1986 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.9 No.3

The effects of Naloxone, narcotic antagonist, pretreated with normal saline, salicylate and hydrocortisone produced by with hypovolemic shock on the rates of cytochrome components, mixed function oxidation enzyme reactions and lipid peroxidation have been determined using hepatic microsomal fractions of rats. The treatments with either of the naloxone have increased the contents of cytochrome P-450 and b_5 and NADPH- or NADH-cytochrome C reductase. But pretreated with salicylate and hydrocortisone were not change as compared to the control. The rates of O-demethylation for p-nitroanisole were decreased. Naloxone decreased the formation of lipid peroxide by pretreated salicylate and hydrocortisone. These results indicate that naloxone showed effect not only increase of blood pressure and respiration, but also cytochrome components activity, mixed function oxidation enzyme reactions and lipid peroxidation in the hepatic microsomal fractions of rats.

3-Methylcholanthrene 투여와 성장과정이 흰쥐 간조직 microsomal cytochrome P-450 효소계에 미치는 영향

洪永淑,楊謹香 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1988 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.42 No.-

간조직 microsome내 약물대사 효소는 endoplasmic reticulum에 주로 존재하여 세포막과 결합되어 있고 여러 내인적(內因的) 물질과 외인적(外因的)물질 및 많은 다른 이물질 대사에 관여하는 전자전달계로서 작용한다. 또한 이 효소계에는 mixed function oxidase 또는 monooxygenase라 불리우는 중요한 효소군이 존재하며 이들 효소군에는 cytochrome P-450이라는 중요한 성분이 포함되어 있다. Cytochrome P-450은 이 효소계에서 기질과 산소의 결합장소이며 terminal oxidase로 작용한다. 본 실험에서는 3-Methylcholanthrene(3-MC)을 투여하였을 때와, 암컷과 숫컷의 신생, 미성숙 그리고 성숙 흰쥐에서 성별과 성장단계에 따른 micrsomal cytochrome P-450효소계의 활성도변화에 대하여 알고자 하였다. 암컷과 숫컷의 흰쥐 간조직에서 3-MC 투여와 성별 및 성장단계에 따른 cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, cytochrome b_5, NADH-cytochrome C reductase, lipid peroxidation, p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase의 활성도 변화를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 3-MC를 흰쥐에 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450의 활성도가 모두 증가되었으며, 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 2. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase의 활성도는 모두 증가 되었으며 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 3. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal cytochrome b_5의 활성도는 암컷의 경우 미성숙 성숙 흰쥐에서, 숫컷의 경우 성숙 흰쥐에서 증가되었다. 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 4.3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal NADH-cytochrome C reductase의 활성도는 암컷의 경우 성숙 흰쥐에서, 숫컷의 경우 미성숙, 성숙 흰쥐에서, 증가되었다. 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고, 숫컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 5. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal lipid peroxide의 형성은 대부분 증가되었으며 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 6. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase의 활성도는 모두 증가되었으며, 성장단계에 따른 활서도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. The effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC), sex, and developmental stage on the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in rats were investigated. The result is as follows. 1. The contents of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of cytochrome P-450 were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats. 2. The contents of hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of female and male rats the contents of NADPH-cytochrome C reductase were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats in that order. 3. The contents of hepatic microsomal cytochrome b_5 were increased in 3-MC treated immature female, adult female and male rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of cytochrome b_5 were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats in that order. 4. The contents of hepatic microsomal NADH-cytochrome C reductase were increased in 3-MC treated adult female, immature male, and adult male rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of NADH-cytochrome C reductase were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the adult male rats followed by immature and neonatal male rats in that order. 5. The formations of lipid peroxide were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of female and male rats the formations of lipid peroxide were highest in the adult female rats followed by the immature and neonatal female rats in that order and highest in the adult male rats followed by immature and neonatal male rats in that order. 6. The contents of hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase were highest in the adult female rats followed by the immature and neonatal female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by the neonatal and adult male rats in that order.

생물변환 천연식용색소 생산공정기술 개발 : Ⅰ. 홍화 황색소의 안정성에 미치는 pH 및 온도의 영향 Ⅰ. Effect of pH and Temperature on the Stability of the Yellow Pigment from Carthamus tinctorious L.

홍성현,박성길,이종민,한태룡,백영숙,정인식 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.-

홍화로부터 열에 의한 안정성을 검토하였다. 황색소의 분해반응은 산성, 중성, 염기성 조건에서 UV/Vis spectral measurement에 의해 조사되었다. 시간변화에 다른 흡광도를 측정해 본 결과 온도가 상승함에 따라 황색소의 분해되는 정도가 점차적으로 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 40℃에서 황색소의 분해 반감기는 pH3.0, pH7.0, 그리고 pH12.0에서 각각 112.1, 39.3 과 25.3 시간이었다. 이것은 황색소가 pH3.0에서 비교적 더 안정함을 말한다. pH3.0, 7.0 그리고 12.0에서 황색소의 activation energy는 각각 519, 15.0 그리고 12.3 kJ/mol이었다 We investigated thermal stability of yellow pigment from Carthamus tinctorious L. Decomposition reactions of yellow pigment were monitored at acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions by UV/Vis spectral measurement. Decomposition of yellow pigment increased as temperature increased Decomposition half lives of yellow pigment at 40℃ were 112.1 39.3, and 25.3 hrs at pH 3.0 , pH 7.0, and pH 12.0, respectively, indicating that yellow pigment is more stable at pH 3.0. The activation energies of yellow pigment at pH 3.0, pH 7.0, and pH 12.0 were 51.9, 15.0, and 12. 3 kJ/mol, respectively.

뇌손상 환자에게 적용한 흉부물리요법의 비교연구

홍해숙,최영진 대한기초간호자연과학회 2004 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare chest percussion with chest vibration in brain injury patients. 30 patients in SICU of one general hospital in T city were randomely divided by 3 groups and the arterial oxygen tension(PaO2) and the retained secretion were measured. The chest vibration was done among the first group, the chest vibration by hand after the chest percussion was done among the second group and the mechanical chest vibration after the chest percussion was done among the third group. The data was analyzed using SPSS 7.0 (5% significance) and the results are below. 1) It was adopted the hypothesis that the amount of retained secretion of endotracheal suction after stopping the actions among the first, second and the third groups is different from each other. (F=41.62, p=0.00) 2) It was rejected the hypothesis that the arterial oxygen tension(PaO2)s are different from each other among the first, second and third group. (F=1.22, p=0.31) The amount of the retained secretion after chest percussion, chest vibration by hand or mechanical chest vibration was significantly different from each other. Therefore, chest physiotherapy could be regarded as the effective nursing intervention for the unconscieus patients who have the inappropriate airway cleaness and it was more effective to be together than to be alone.