Corrigendum to "Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts anti-inflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway" [J Ginseng Res 46 (2022) 156-166]

Xu, Hong-Lin,Chen, Guang-Hong,Wu, Yu-Ting,Xie, Ling-Peng,Tan, Zhang-Bin,Liu, Bin,Fan, Hui-Jie,Chen, Hong-Mei,Huang, Gui-Qiong,Liu, Min,Zhou, Ying-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.2

Effects of SRBSDV-infected rice plants on the fitness of vector and non-vector rice planthoppers

Hong-Xing Xu,Hong-Xing Xu,Xu-Song Zheng,Yajun Yang,Jue-Feng Zhang Zhang,Zhong-Xian Lu 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a new member of the genus Fijivirus and transmitted by whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth). The rice area affected by SRBSDV and the subsequent damages are increasing rapidly. In current study, we evaluated the effects of SRBSDV-infected plants on the ecological fitness and the tolerance to adverse environmental factors of vector WBPH and non-vector brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Our study revealed that the fitness of WBPH and BPH were both influenced by feeding on SRBSDV-infected rice. Fecundity ofWBPH feeding on the SRBSDV-infected rice plants were higher than those on healthy plants, nymphal duration of male WBPH prolonged markedly by 0.77 d (P b 0.05), while the weight of brachypterous female adults significantly decreased (P b 0.05), and the average survival time shortened both at 26 °C and 31 °C, respectively. Median lethal time of WBPH on SRBSDV-infected and healthy rice plants were 80 h and 112 h at 26 °C, 64 h and 88 h at 31 °C, respectively. As for non-vector BPH, nymph survival rate decreased significantly by 11.22% (P b 0.05) and the longevity of female adults also shortened (P b 0.05), while hatchability of BPH eggs increased (P b 0.05). Survival time of BPH feeding on healthy rice at 26 °Cwas significant longer than those feeding on healthy and infected rice at 31 °C. The above results imply that the vectorWBPH suffers much stronger effects than non-vector BPH fromfeeding on SRBSDVinfected rice plants.

Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts antiinflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Hong-Lin Xu,Guang-Hong Chen,Yu-Ting Wu,Ling-Peng Xie,Zhang-Bin Tan,Bin Liu,Hui-Jie Fan,Hong-Mei Chen,Gui-Qiong Huang,Min Liu,Ying-Chun Zhou 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng), a herb distributed in Korea, China and Japan, exerts benefits on diverse inflammatory conditions. However, the underlying mechanism and active ingredients remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the active ingredients of P. ginseng against inflammation and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods: Inflammation model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and immunofluorescence were utilized to predict active component. Results: P. ginseng significantly inhibited LPS-induced lung injury and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-1b. Additionally, P. ginseng blocked fluorescence-labeled LPS (LPS488) binding to the membranes of RAW264.7 macrophages, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro (GRo) docked into the LPS binding site of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the MD2-GRo binding conformation was stable. SPRi demonstrated an excellent interaction between TLR4/MD2 complex and GRo (KD value of 1.16 × 10<SUP>-9</SUP> M). GRo significantly inhibited LPS488 binding to cell membranes. Further studies showed that GRo markedly suppressed LPS-triggered lung injury, the transcription and secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-kB and MAPKs as well as the p65 subunit nuclear translocation were inhibited by GRo dose-dependently. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GRo exerts anti-inflammation actions by direct inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway.

Construction of Modified Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ac Genes for Transgenic Crop Through Multi Site-directed Mutagenesis

Xu, Hong Guang,Roh, Jong-Yul,Wang, Yong,Choi, Jae-Young,Shim, Hee-Jin,Liu, Qin,Tao, Xueying,Woo, Soo-Dong,Jin, Byung-Rae,Je, Yeon-Ho Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.19 No.1

The newly cloned Bacillus thuringiensis cry1-5 gene showed high activity to both Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua, while cry1Ac only showed high activity against P. xylostella but low to S. exigua. Through the alignment of amino acid sequences between Cry1Ac and Cry1-5, we found 12 different residues in domain I (6 residues) and domain II (6 residues). In this study, the modified cry1Ac gene, which is constructed according to a crop-preferring codon usage, was used as a template to construct mutant B. thuringiensis cry1Ac genes based on cry1-5 gene through multi site-directed mutagenesis. Total 63 various mutant cry genes were obtained at 12 positions randomly. Among them, ten mutant cry genes, whose domain I was totally converted and domain II was randomly, were selected to express in baculovirus expression system as a polyhedrin fusion form. The recombinant proteins were 95 kDa in size and were stably activated as 65 kDa by trypsin. The expressed mutant Cry proteins were applied to bioassays against P. xylostella and S. exigua. All mutants showed high insecticidal activity both to P. xylostella and S. exigua similar to cry1-5. These results suggest that these mutant cry genes might be expected of desirable cry genes for introduction to transgenic crops.

Luciferase Assay to Screen Tumour-specific Promoters in Lung Cancer

Xu, Rong,Guo, Long-Jiang,Xin, Jun,Li, Wen-Mao,Gao, Yan,Zheng, You-Xian,Guo, You-Hong,Lin, Yang-Jun,Xie, Yong-Hua,Wu, Ya-Qing,Xu, Rui-An Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Objective: Specific promoters could improve efficiency and ensure the safety of gene therapy. The aim of our study was to screen examples for lung cancer. Methods: The firefly luciferase gene was used as a reporter, and promoters based on serum markers of lung cancer were cloned. The activity and specificity of seven promoters, comprising CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA), GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide), KRT19 (cytokeratin 19, KRT), SFTPB (surfactant protein B, SP-B), SERPINB3 (Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen, SCCA), SELP (Selectin P, Granule Membrane Protein 140kDa, Antigen CD62, GMP) and DKK1 (Dickkopf-1) promoters were compared in lung cancer cells to obtain cancer-specific examples with strong activity. Results: The CEACAM5, DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB promoters were cloned. Furthermore, we successfully constructed recombinant vector pGL-CEACAM5 (DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB) contained the target gene. After cells were transfectedwith recombinant plasmids, we found that the order of promoter activity from high to low was SERPINB3, DKK1, SFTPB, KRT19, CEACAM5, SELP and GRP and the order for promoters regarding specificity and high potential were SERPINB3, DKK1, SELP, SFTPB, CEACAM5, KRT19 and GRP. Conclusion: The approach adopted is feasible to screen for new tumour specific promoters with biomarkers. In addition, the screened lung-specific promoters might have potential for use in lung cancer targeted gene therapy research.

Surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct invasion

Xu-guang Hu,Wei Mao,Sung Yeon Hong,Bong-Wan Kim,Wei-guang Xu,Hee-Jung Wang 대한외과학회 2016 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.90 No.3

Purpose: There is still some debate on surgical procedures for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with bile duct tumor thrombi (BDTT, Ueda type 3 or 4). What is adequate extent of liver resection for curative treatment? Is extrahepatic bile duct resection mandatory for cure? The aim of this study is to answer these questions. Methods: Between February 1994 and December 2012, 877 consecutive HCC patients underwent hepatic resection at Ajou University Hospital. Thirty HCC patients (3.4%) with BDTT (Ueda type 3 or 4) were retrospective reviewed in this study. Results: In total, 20 patients enrolled in this study were divided into 2 groups: patients who underwent hemihepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection (group 1, n = 10) and with only removal of BDTT (group 2, n = 10). The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 75.0%, 50.0%, and 27.8%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of group 1 were 100.0%, 80.0%, and 45.7%, and those of group 2 were 50.0%, 20.0%, and 10.0%, respectively (P = 0.014). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrences free survival rates of group 1 were 90.0%, 70.0%, and 42.0%, and those of group 2 were 36.0%, 36.0%, and 0%, respectively (P = 0.014). Thrombectomy and infiltrative growth type (Ig) were found as independent prognostic factors for recurrence free survival by multivariate analysis. Thrombectomy, Ig, and high indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes were found as independent prognostic factors for overall survival by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: We suggest that the appropriate surgical procedure for icteric HCC patients should be comprised of ipsilateral hemihepatectomy with caudate lobectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection.

Synthesis of a Novel Phosphorus-containing Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins

Hong-Jun Xu,Fan-Long Jin,박수진 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.11

In this study, a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant copolymer of spirocyclic pentaerythritol di(phosphate monochloride) and bisphenol S (SPD-BS) was successfully synthesized and used as a flame retardant in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resins. The chemical structure of the SPD-BS was characterized using FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. The thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of SPD-BS and nano-CaCO3 on the flame-retardant properties of DGEBA/SPD-BS systems were evaluated by measurement of the burning rate. As a result, the thermal stabilities of the DGEBA/SPD-BS systems were decreased with increasing SPD-BS content. The flame-retardant properties and char yields of the systems were significantly increased when SPD-BS content increased. The synergism of nano-CaCO3 incorporation on flame retardancy was found for the DGEBA/SPD-BS systems.

The optimization for the straight-channel PCHE size for supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle

Xu, Hong,Duan, Chengjie,Ding, Hao,Li, Wenhuai,Zhang, Yaoli,Hong, Gang,Gong, Houjun Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.6

Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) is a widely used heat exchanger in the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) Brayton cycle because it can work under high temperature and pressure, and has been a hot topic in Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) projects for use as recuperators and condensers. Most previous studies focused on channel structures or shapes. However, no clear advancement has so far been seen in the allover size of the PCHE. In this paper, we proposed an optimal size of the PCHE with a fixed volume. Two boundary conditions of PCHE were simulated, respectively. When the volume of PCHE was fixed, the heat transfer rate and pressure loss were picked as the optimization objectives. The Pareto front was obtained by the Multi-objective optimization procedure. We got the optimized number of PCHE channels under two different boundary conditions from the Pareto front. The comprehensive performance can be increased by 5.3% while holding in the same volume. The numerical results from this study can be used to improve the design of PCHE with straight channels.

A Study on the Chinese of Korean E-learning Webpage Continuance Using Intention

Hong Hao Xu,Jong Ho Lee 한국유통과학회 2017 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2017 No.-

In 1933, Korean culture entered into the Chinese market of which the Korean-style video products, costumes, Hip-Hop songs, Korean cuisine and other Korean styles attracted the attention of people. Korean hot air swept through China. Moreover, although there are many researches on e-learning in China, it is very few studies on e-learning in foreign languages such as Korean. Nowadays, the development prospects of online education in China are very good. The rising demand for education and the development of IT technology have provided the impetus for Chinese online education and education has become easy. According to the results, First of all, from the company’s point of view, the management of personal privacy is the most important to users. Secondly, the company should take seriously whether the user has experience or not in promoting a Korean learning website or discovering potential users. Thirdly, in order to gain the user’s satisfaction, it is necessary to improve the quality of corporate lecturers, strengthen web page design and system security, thereby improving user satisfaction and increasing the willingness to use continuously.

Effects of Lignocellulose-derived Inhibitors on Growth and Succinic Acid Accumulation by Corynebacterium glutamicum

Hong-Tao Xu,Chen Wang,Zhi-Hui Zhou,Zhong-Jun Chen,Heng Cai 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.4

Succinic acid production by genetically engineered C. glutamicum from lignocellulosic biomass requires the hydrolysis of carbohydrate polymers into fermentable syrup. A variety of toxic compounds are produced such as aldehydes and organic acids, while the hydrolysis of hemicellulose with dilute acid. In this study, we have investigated the toxicity of representative aldehydes (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, syringaldehyde, and vanillin) and organic acids (ferulic, 4-hydroxybenzic, vanillic, protocatechuic acid) on growth and succinic acid accumulation of C. glutamicum NC-1. In the presence of various inhibitors of growth experiment, furfural, 5- hydroxymethylfurfural appeared less toxic to growth of C. glutamicum NC-1, syringaldehyde almost completely inhibitor growth of C. glutamicum NC-1, vanillin has inhibited the growth of 67%, of organic acids, only ferulic appeared toxic to growth of C. glutamicum NC-1. Of succinic acid accumulation experiment under oxygen deprivation, all the organic acids compounds showed little inhibition on the glocuse consumption and succinic acid accumulation of C. glutamicum NC-1, but furfural, 5- hydroxymethylfurfural and vanillic have decreased the production of succinic acid. In addition, the actual inhibitor mixtures from the acid hydrolysate of corn cobs have reduced the accumulation of succinic acid. Across further research showed, a reason of succinic acid yield decrease was the malic enzyme activity was inhibited.