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Morphological Changes of Bones and Joints with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
Hong, Yun-Kyung,Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Sang-Rae,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yong-Geun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2
Arthritis is a common disease in aged people, and is clinically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although common symptoms such as pain are present, the underlying pathological mechanisms are slightly different. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare joint damage induced by RA and OA by analyzing the major morphological and molecular differences, and to propose a suitable therapeutic intervention based on the pathophysiological conditions of bones and joints. For the RA animal model, 8-week-old DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Normal C57BL/6 mice (over 2 years of age) were used for OA. The clinical arthritis score was calculated using a subjective scoring system, and paw thicknesses were measured using calipers. The serum TNF ${\alpha}$ level was analyzed using an ELISA kit. Micro-CT was used to identify pathological characteristics and morphological changes. In collagen-induced RA mice, there were increased ankle joint volumes and clinical scores (p<0.01). The concentration of TNF ${\alpha}$ was significantly increased from 3 to 7 weeks after immunization. Micro-CT images showed trabecular bone destruction, pannus formation, and subchondral region destruction in RA mice. OA among aged mice showed narrowed joint spaces and breakdown of articular cartilage. This study suggests that a careful therapeutic intervention between RA and OA is required, and it should be based on morphological alteration of bone and joint.
Rheumatic Arthritis-induced Alteration of Morphology and Function in Muscles
Hong, Yun-Kyung,Kim, Joo-Heon,Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Sang-Rae,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yong-Geun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2
Clinical arthritis is typically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Arthritis-induced muscle weakness is a major problem in aged people, leading to a disturbance of balance during the gait cycle and frequent falls. The purposes of the present study were to confirm fiber type-dependent expression of muscle atrophy markers induced by arthritis and to identify the relationship between clinical signs and expression of muscle atrophy markers. Mice were divided into four experimental groups as follows: (1) negative control (normal), (2) positive control (CFA+acetic acid), (3) RA group (CFA+acetic acid+type II collagen), and (4) aging-induced OA group. DBQA/1J mice (8 weeks of age) were injected with collagen (50 ${\mu}g/kg$), and physiological (body weight) and pathological (arthritis score and paw thickness) parameters were measured once per week. The gastrocnemius muscle from animals in each group was removed, and the expression of muscle atrophy markers (MAFbx and MuRF1) and myosin heavy chain isoforms were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. No significant change in body weight occurred between control groups and collagen-induced RA mice at week 10. However, bovine type II collagen induced a dramatic increase in clinical score or paw thickness at week 10 (p<0.01). Concomitantly, the expression of the muscle atrophy marker MAFbx was upregulated in the RA and OA groups (p<0.01). A dramatic reduction in myosin heavy chain (MHC)-$I{\beta}$ was seen in the gastrocnemius muscles from RA and OA mice, while only a slight decrease in MHC-IIb was seen. These results suggest that muscle atrophy gene expression occurred in a fiber type-specific manner in both RA- and OA-induced mice. The present study suggests evidence regarding why different therapeutic interventions are required between RA and OA.
Hypothermic Preconditioning Lowers the Incidence of Hypothermic Arrest in Neonatal Rat
Sung Sook Park,Heung Sik Na,Hyun Jung Nam,Seung Kil Hong 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1999 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.3 No.2
<P> This study was performed to examine 1) Whether hypothermic cardiac arrest produces myocardial HSP72 expression; 2) And if, whether it serves to protect the heart against the subsequent hypothermic arrest. In the present study, neonatal rats were placed in an icebath to induce hypothermia. To determine whether hypothermic cardiac arrest produces myocardial HSP72, experimental animals were subjected to 10-min hypothermic insult before the extraction of the heart. The intervals between the insult and extraction were 1 (1 HR), 4 (4 HR), 8 (8 HR), 24 (24 HR) or 72 (72HR) hours. A minimal amount of HSP72 was detected in control, 1 HR and 72 HR groups. In contrast, 8 HR and 24 HR groups showed a significant level of HSP72 expressions. To assess the cardioprotective effect of HSP72 against hypothermic cardiac arrest, we compared the proportion of recovery from the arrest between control and preconditioned (PREC) animals. Control animals were subjected to 20-min hypothermic insult, while PREC group was preconditioned by 10-min hypothermic insult 8 hours before the 20-min test hypothermic insult. Resuscitation rate from cardiac arrest induced by the 20-min hypothermic insult in PREC group was significantly higher than that in controls. These results suggest that the cardioprotective effect of hypothermic preconditioning is associated with an increase in HSP72 expression.
Sung, Hyeran,Chul Han, Kyung,Chul Kim, Jun,Wan Oh, Ki,Su Yoo, Hwan,Tae Hong, Jin,Bok Chung, Youn,Lee, Chong-kil,Lee, Kyung S.,Song, Sukgil ELSEVIER 2005 FEMS YEAST RESEARCH Vol.5 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Functional analysis of genes from <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I> has been the major goal after determination of genome sequences. Even though several tools for molecular-genetic analyses have been developed, only a limited number of reliable genetic tools are available to support functional assay at protein level. Epitope tagging is a powerful tool for detecting, purifying, and functional studying of proteins. But systematic tagging systems developed with integration vectors are not available. Here, we have constructed a set of integration vectors allowing a translational fusion of interested proteins to the four different epitope tags (HA, Myc, Flag, and GFP). To confirm function and expression of C-terminal-tagged proteins, we used Cdc11, a component of the septin filament that encircles the mother bud neck and consists of five major proteins: Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, and Sep7. The tagged version of Cdc11 expressed under its endogenous promoter was found to be physiologically functional, as evidenced by localization at the neck and suppression of the growth defect associated with the temperature-sensitive mutation of <I>cdc11-6</I>. The expressed proteins were efficiently detected with antibodies against Cdc11 or the epitopes. When immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc antibody, each septin protein tagged with Myc was effectively copurified with other septin components, indicating formation of a stable septin complex. Because the modules of the tags were located under the same array of eighteen restriction sites on integration vectors containing four different markers (<I>HIS3</I>, <I>TRP1</I>, <I>LEU2</I>, or <I>URA3</I>), this tagging system provides efficient multiple tagging and stable expression of a gene of interest.</P>
Hong Shick Lee,Jin Hak Kim,Young Moon Lee,Eun Sun Han,Man Kwon Kim,Byung Hoon Oh,Sung Kil Min Kae Joon Yoo,Ho Young Lee 대한신경정신의학회 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.1
40명의 만성정신분열증 환자를 대상으로 Haloperdiol에 대한 Cyproheptadine 병용치료 효 과를 검중하기 위하여 6주간의 위약ᅳ대조,이중맹검 연구를 시행하였다. 6주간의 이중맹검 Cyproheptadine 병용치료는 양성 및 음성증상 모두에서 임상적인 중상의 호전을 보였으나 위약과 Haloperidol이 병용 투여된 대조군과 비교한 임상적 정신증상에서는 두군 간의 유의한 통계적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 Cyproheptadine 병용치료는 대조군에 비해 추체외로 증상의 유의한 감소를 보임으로써 항정신병 약물의 비정형적인 특성이 있음을 지지해주고 있다. 신경 내분비학적 검사에서는 Cyproheptadine 병용치료가 혈청내 prolactine치를 감소시 키지는 않았으나 혈청내 cortisol 치를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 비록 보다 장기간의 추적 연구가 필요하겠으나 본 연구의 결과는 Cyproheptadine 병용치료가 기존 전형적인 항정신병 약물로 인한 추체외로 부작용으로 지속적인 약물치료가 힘든 만성정신분열증 환자의 치료에 효과적일 수 있음을 제시한다