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The Changing Roles of Women Officers in Public Order Policing in Hong Kong
Ho Ka-ki,Chu Yiu Kong 아시아경찰학회 2006 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2006 No.-
The police are regarded as a male-dominated mescaline profession. Western police studies tend to suggest that women officers will face role-conflicts when they enter the male-dominated masculine occupation and they only play a complementary role in the public order policing. The Hong Kong Police Force was established in 1844. Women police officers were never perceived as indispensable component by early British colonial police heads. The first women officer had not been recruited until 1949. Yet, in 1950s and 1960s duties assigned to female cohorts were confined to supporting duties such as conducting clerical jobs, handling female suspects and taking care of wandering children rather than law enforcement and anti-riot operations. On the top of this, sexually segregated and discriminatory arrangements could also be easily noted in reviewing the managerial history of the Hong Kong Police. This study finds that the role of women officers started to change in late 1960s, especially in the sphere of public order policing. For instance, women police officers took up some frontier positions in the 1967 riots. They received formal anti-riot training since 1970s. A female anti-riot squad was formed in 1992. Since 1995 all newly recruited Hong Kong women police officers have been armed. In 2005 women police officers were placed in the front to deal with Korean demonstrators directly during the WTO MC6 period. The evolving responsibilities of female police officers from indoors administrative work to frontier crowd management duties not only reflect the changing attitude towards women in Hong Kong society, but also signify the vitalization of women officers in policing Hong Kong. The data of this research are largely derived from archival materials and in-depth interviews with 12 women police officers who served the force from 1950s to 1980s.
Relationship of Pain, Disability and Quality of Life in Individual with Neck and Shoulder Pain
( Ho-chung Jeon ),( Kyung-won Yang ),( Ka-hoe Kim ),( Seul-ki Kim ),( Ho-kwon Kim ),( Jin-il Seo ),( Gi-won Kim ),( June-sun Kim ) 대한물리치료학회 2016 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.28 No.5
Purpose: This study was to investigate the correlation between pain, disability and quality of life among adolescents and office workers with neck and shoulder pain. Methods: Twenty-four subjects (mean age=24.92 years, SD=3.94, range=20-37) with neck and shoulder pain participated in this study. The outcome measures of the study were visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), short form-36 (SF-36) for neck and shoulder pain and disability, quality of life. Pearson`s correlation and Speaman`s rank correlation were used to measure the association between VAS and NDI, SPADI, SF-36. Results: The VAS showed a positive correlation between weak to moderate with the NDI and SPADI, but no significantly correlated (ρ=0.34, ρ=0.25). The moderate positive correlation and significant correlation were observed between NDI and SPADI (ρ=0.43, p<0.05). The PCS of SF-36 was significantly negative correlated with the VAS (ρ=-0.24), NDI and SPADI (ρ=-0.63, ρ=-0.59, p<0.05). Conclusion: The pain and disability of neck and shoulder has closely relevance. And, the pain and disability of neck and shoulder has a negative impact on the quality of life.
( Ki Young Lee ),( Hye Seung Choi ),( Ho Sung Choi ),( Ka Young Chung ),( Bong Jin Lee ),( Han Joo Maeng ),( Min Duk Seo ) 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.2
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. The VDR binds to active vitamin D3 metabolites, which stimulates downstream transduction signaling involved in various physiological activities such as calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization, and cell differentiation. Quercetin is a widely distributed flavonoid in nature that is known to enhance transactivation of VDR target genes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying VDR activation by quercetin is not well understood. We first demonstrated the interaction between quercetin and the VDR at the molecular level by using fluorescence quenching and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments. The dissociation constant (Kd) of quercetin and the VDR was 21.15 ± 4.31 μM, and the mapping of quercetin subsites for VDR binding was performed using STD-NMR. The binding mode of quercetin was investigated by a docking study combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Quercetin might serve as a scaffold for the development of VDR modulators with selective biological activities.
Lee, Ki-Young,Choi, Hye-Seung,Choi, Ho-Sung,Chung, Ka Young,Lee, Bong-Jin,Maeng, Han-Joo,Seo, Min-Duk The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.2
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. The VDR binds to active vitamin $D_3$ metabolites, which stimulates downstream transduction signaling involved in various physiological activities such as calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization, and cell differentiation. Quercetin is a widely distributed flavonoid in nature that is known to enhance transactivation of VDR target genes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying VDR activation by quercetin is not well understood. We first demonstrated the interaction between quercetin and the VDR at the molecular level by using fluorescence quenching and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments. The dissociation constant ($K_d$) of quercetin and the VDR was $21.15{\pm}4.31{\mu}M$, and the mapping of quercetin subsites for VDR binding was performed using STD-NMR. The binding mode of quercetin was investigated by a docking study combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Quercetin might serve as a scaffold for the development of VDR modulators with selective biological activities.
Relationship of Pain, Disability and Quality of Life in Individual with Neck and Shoulder Pain
Jeon, Ho-Chung,Yang, Kyung-Won,Kim, Ka-Hoe,Kim, Seul-Ki,Kim, Ho-Kwon,Seo, Jin-Il,Kim, Gi-Won,Kim, June-Sun 대한물리치료학회 2016 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.28 No.5
Purpose: This study was to investigate the correlation between pain, disability and quality of life among adolescents and office workers with neck and shoulder pain. Methods: Twenty-four subjects (mean age=24.92 years, SD=3.94, range=20-37) with neck and shoulder pain participated in this study. The outcome measures of the study were visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), short form-36 (SF-36) for neck and shoulder pain and disability, quality of life. Pearson's correlation and Speaman's rank correlation were used to measure the association between VAS and NDI, SPADI, SF-36. Results: The VAS showed a positive correlation between weak to moderate with the NDI and SPADI, but no significantly correlated (${\rho}=0.34$, ${\rho}=0.25$). The moderate positive correlation and significant correlation were observed between NDI and SPADI (${\rho}=0.43$, p<0.05). The PCS of SF-36 was significantly negative correlated with the VAS (${\rho}=-0.24$), NDI and SPADI (${\rho}=-0.63$, ${\rho}=-0.59$, p<0.05). Conclusion: The pain and disability of neck and shoulder has closely relevance. And, the pain and disability of neck and shoulder has a negative impact on the quality of life.