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Multiple-end-point Bioassays Using Microorganisms
Iwahashi, Hitoshi The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.6
Since the 1950s, the numbers of species and chemicals produced have significantly increased. Despite the fact that industrial chemicals have given us numerous benefits, there is no doubt that they have damaged the environment. The chemicals being dispersed on the earth should be carefully controlled to prevent adverse effects. Bioassay is one of the methods to assess chemical safety. In bioassay systems, chemical safety is estimated by monitoring biological responses to environmental pollutants and newly synthesized chemicals. This report introduces multiple-point bioassay systems that are based on chemical sensitivities of microorganisms, responses of one kind of organism, and micro-array technology. Multiple-end-point bioassays enable the prediction of chemicals in the environment and the understanding of toxicities of newly synthesized chemicals.
Essential protocols for in vitro evaluation of nanoparticle
Hitoshi Iwahashi,Masanori Horie,Keiko Nishio,Shigehisa Endoh,Haruhisa Kato,Katsuhide Fujita,Shinichi Kinugasa,Arisa Miyauchi,Ayako Nakamura,Junko Takahashi,Etsuo Niki,Yasukazu Yoshida,Junko Nakanishi 한국환경독성학회 2010 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.11
Mia Miranti,Hitoshi Iwahashi,Yolani Syaputri 한국식품저장유통학회 2022 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.29 No.6
This study aimed to elucidate whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be used as a bio-preservative and a natural antimicrobial agent to extend coconut oil shelf-life, even under stress conditions. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Latilactobacillus sakei were isolated from virgin coconut oil which was subjected to strong environmental stresses. L. sakei was sequenced by a universal primer of 16S rRNA for LAB and included as L. sakei subsp. sakei. The growth analysis was influenced by pH and the optimum rate was pH 9.0. Furthermore, there was no growth at pH 3.0. In addition, the antibacterial activities were estimated using the wells diffusion method and the results were evaluated based on the presence of a clear halo surrounding the wells. The antibacterial activities were optimum at pH 4.5-7.0 against Escherichia coli K12 JM109, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus JCM 20624. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated under high temperatures of 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100℃. The results revealed that even at high temperatures, the cell-free supernatant of L. sakei still gave antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it was concluded that L. sakei has antimicrobial activities under environmental stresses and can be used as a bio-preservative for coconut oil.
Methods for Avoiding the Checkerboard Distortion Caused by Rounding Error in Multirate System
Hiroaki IWAI,Masahiro IWAHASHI,Hitoshi KIYA 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7
We propose two methods for avoiding the checkerboard distortion which is caused by rounding error under finite word length. In the first method, the bit length of filter taps required for avoiding the checkerboard distortion is derived. In the second method, the cascade structure that consist of zero-hold kernel and time-invariant filter factorized from the filter with structure for avoiding the checkerboard distortion under linear conditions is proposed. It is demonstrated by simulations that we can avoid the checkerboard distortion by using these proposed methods.
Rejuvenating rice proteomics: Facts, challenges, and visions
Agrawal, Ganesh Kumar,Jwa, Nam-Soo,Iwahashi, Yumiko,Yonekura, Masami,Iwahashi, Hitoshi,Rakwal, Randeep WILEY-VCH Verlag 2006 Proteomics Vol.6 No.20
<P>Proteomics is progressing at an unprecedented pace, as can be exemplified by the progress in model organisms such as yeast, bacteria, and mammals. Proteomics research in plants, however, has not progressed at the same pace. Unscrambling of the genome sequences of the dicotyledoneous Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) and monocotyledoneous rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant species, respectively, has made them accessible reference organisms to study plant proteomics. Study of these two reference plants is expected to unravel the mystery of plant biology. Rice, a critically important food crop on the earth, has been termed a “cornerstone” and the “Rosetta stone” for functional genomics of cereal crops. Here, we look at the progress in unraveling rice proteomes and present the facts, challenges, and vision. The text is divided into two major parts: the first part presents the facts and the second part discusses the challenges and vision. The facts include the technology and its use in developing proteomes, which have been critically and constructively reviewed. The challenges and vision deal with the establishment of technologies to exhaustively investigate the protein components of a proteome, to generate high-resolution gel-based reference maps, and to give rice proteomics a functional dimension by studying PTMs and isolation of multiprotein complexes. Finally, we direct a vision on rice proteomics. This is our third review in series on rice proteomics, which aims to stimulate an objective discussion among rice researchers and to understand the necessity and impact of unraveling rice proteomes to their full potential.</P>
장성국,조경원,Junko Shibato,Oksoo Han,Hitoshi Iwahashi,Shigeru Tamogami,Sajad Majeed Zargar,Akihiro Kubo,Yoshinori Masuo,Ganesh Kumar Agrawal,Randeep Rakwal 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.3
The 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR) is a key enzyme in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. Previously, we reported the presence of 13 OPR isogenes (OsOPR1-13) in rice. OsOPRs phylogenetically belong to two subgroups, OPRI and OPRII. OsOPR13 is assigned to the second subgroup, which is involved in JA biosynthesis, while the others are found in the first subgroup. Here, we systematically investigated transcript levels of OsOPRs in various tissues and against diverse environmental stresses. Each gene was differentially involved in flower maturation, showing a tissue-specific response. OsOPR1, OsOPR2, and OsOPR13 were also active in responses to wounding, a fungal elicitor (chitosan), salt, UV-C irradiation, H2O2, and ozone exposure. In the case of JA-responsive OsOPRs (OsOPR1, OsOPR2, OsOPR6, OsOPR10, and OsOPR13), co-application of JA and SA suppressed jasmonate-induced transcript levels and delayed OsOPR10 expression. We also investigated the biochemical properties of OsOPR1 and found a flavin cofactor with optimal activity at pH7.8 and values of 0.048 min−1 kcat and 8.33 μM Km for (9S,13R)- 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Here, we discuss the role of OsOPRs in stress responses and floral development.