품행장애 청소년의 음악치료 사례연구

권혜경,진혜경 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2000 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.11 No.1

요 약 : 이 사례는 1998년 6월부터 9월까지 주 1회 30분씩 서울국립정신병원에 입원한 품행장애 청소년들을 대상으로 한 음악치료 사례로, 그룹 음악치료에 참여한 환아들 중 가장 지속적으로 참여한 두명의 여자 환아(A, B)에 초점을 맞추었다. 음악치료 세션은 다음과 갈이 3부분으로 나누어진다 ; 시작할 때 부르는 인사노래, 다양한 음악적 활동, 그리고 마칠 때 하는 소리내기와 움직이기 주로 사용되었던 음악치료 기술들로는 자유로운 즉흥연주, 노래 토론, 음악 모노드라마, 그리고 소리내기와 움직이기를 들 수 있다. 자유로운 즉흥연주는 환아들의 감정과 생각을 강화시키고, 동기유발을 하며, 연주를 통해 상징적으로 자신을 볼 수 있게 하기 위해 사용되었다 노래 토론은 그들의 생각을 담아내고 지지하기 위해 사용되었다 음악 모노드라마는 그들이 가지고 있는 대인 관계적 문제에 대한 통찰력을 갖게 하기 위해 사용되었다. 소리내기와 움직이기는 그들에게 결여되어 있는 자발성을 강화하기 위해 사용되었고 이를 통해 자신들의 신체와 목소리를 표현적 도구로 탐색하게끔 만들었다 음악치료를 하는 3개월 동안 환아 A는 그룹에서 대화 기술, 사회성 그리고 행동적인 측면에서 향상을 보였다. 그녀는 음악을 상징적으로 사용할 수 있게 되었고 자신과 자신의 가족에 대한 느낌을 그룹과 공유할 수 있게 되었다. 환아 B는 자기표현 능력이 향상되었다. 그녀는 보다 더 자발적으로 그룹에서 자신의 감정에 대해 말을 할 수 있게 되었다. 비언어적이고 비위협적인 수단으로서 음악은 두 여자 환아들에게 그들이 자신을 표현하기 위해 필요한 신뢰감을 다시 회복할 수 있는 환경을 제공한 것으로 보인다. The short-term music therapy was performed for adolescents with conduct disorder admitted to Seoul National Mental Hospital for 3 months from Jun to September, 1998. This case study focused mainly on two female patients who participated regularly in the group music therapy. The music therapy process wad divided into three phases; beginning, opening up, and closing. This music therapy session consisted of three parts; hello song as beginning, various musical activities, and sound & movement activity as closing. Free musical improvisation, song discussion, musical monodrama, and sound & movement were the mainly applied techniques. Free improvisation was used to enhance, motivate, indentify and contain the adolescents' feelings and ideas. Song discussion was used to convey their thoughts and to support each other. Musical monodrama was used to make them have insights into interpersonal relationships. Sound & movement was used to enhance spontaneity. It made them explore their body and voice as an expressive medium. Throughout three months period of music therapy, patient A's communication skill, socialization, and behavior areas were assessed with improvement. She could use music as a symbolic form and was able to share her feelings about herself and her family. Patient B's self-expression and cognitive areas were assessed with improvement. She became more spontaneous and could verbalize her emotions during the group session. Music as a non-verbal and therefore often a non-threatening medium wherein so much can be expressed provided two female patients an atmosphere where a sense of trust may be regained. KEY WORDS : Music therapy·Conduct disorder·Adolescent.

여성 관상동맥질환자의 동기요인이 건강행위에 미치는 영향 요인

이혜영,정경옥,김금자 김천과학대학 2007 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

Background: Misconceptions exist that coronary artery disease(CAD) is a male dominant disease, although the leading cause of death due to heart disease in women increased 7.1% from 2001 to 2004 in Korea. Lack of motivational factors to health behavior change places women at risk for subsequent CAD events. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate motivational factors to health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease. Methods: Structured questionnaires survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 81 adult women in a cammunity setting. The subjects were recruited for an interview at outpatient clinic in hospitals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regressions. Results; There were significant correlations between motivational factors and health behaviors(r=.664). Stepwise multiple regression revealed that 57% of variance in health behaviors was explained by self-efficacy and perceived benefits among four motivation variables(F=54.438 p<.01). However, there were no significant predicting factors of perceived barriers and emotional salience among motivational factors to health behaviors. Self-efficacy contributed the greatest amount of variance in health behaviors(β=.585), followed by perceived benefits(β=.226). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that self-efficacy was very important in predicting health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease. Thus it would be necessary to include motivational factors in designing rehabilitation program to practice and adherence health behaviors for women with coronary artery disease.

한국판-Gilliam 자폐증 평정척도-2(K-GARS-2) 표준화 연구

진혜경,윤혜주,박진박 대한생물치료정신의학회 2011 생물치료정신의학 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives:Autism is one of the most important developmental disorder of childhood, which has been studied in many fields of research. The importance of early detection, diagnosis and early treatment of autism has been emphasized in Korea. However, appropriate diagnostic tools to meet these needs, were insufficient. With increasing number of autistic adults, a need for diagnostic tool which can cover wide range of age has emerged. The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2(GARS-2) is based on Autism Society of America and DSM-IV-TR(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth Edition-Text Revision) diagnostic criteria for autism. It is the only available test so far. The target age of this test is from 3 years to 22 years old with autism, therefore this test is thought to be valuable. In this study, Korean-Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2(K-GARS-2) was standardized, and verified the reliability, validity. Methods:K-GARS-2 was standardized and the reliability, validity was evaluated for 109 patients with autism aged 3 to 22 years. Results:Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of K-GARS-2 is 0.94 in the total 42 items and reliability was verified. KGARS-2 standard scores were highly correlated with scores of CARS and also Items-discrimination coefficients also showed a high correlation. Autism subscale standard score and the Autism quotient also showed a strong correlation. When compared with the other mental disorder groups, autism group show significantly higher scores. Conclusion:With the increasing prevalence of autism, the importance of accurate diagnosis and therapeutic approach is increasing in Korea. In this perspective, K-GARS-2 standardization process is very meaningful.

지역별 보건소 이용의 만족도에 관한 연구 : 경북지역을 중심으로

이혜영,정경옥,김금자 김천과학대학 2007 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction and utilization and awareness of health center and satisfaction's affecting factors. Methods: The subjects consisted of 292 adult at three health centers on middle size cities in Gyeong San Buk-Do. Data was collected from August 2006 to June 2007 using structured questionnaires. One-way ANOVA were used to test satisfaction of health centers, utilization and awareness of health center and Kruskal-Wallis and Scheffe's test were used to test recommendation of health center and Post Hoc multiple comparison by using SPSS 14.0 for windows. Results: The satisfaction of health centers for community dwellers was related to age, educational level and family income and the difference of satisfaction of health centers were in comfortable surroundings, satisfaction of facilities, generosity of staff members and full explanation. The utilization and awareness of health center were differ from community areas. Conclusions: Further studies need to be done to investigate additional effects of satisfaction of health centers for community dwellers and to investigate nursing approaches for community dwellers to improve their satisfaction of health centers.

태아 26예에서 신장단위의 미세구조적 발달

김혜영,주의탁,김경용,이원복 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.2

흰쥐의 간에서 Paclitaxel(Taxol)이 방사선에 미치는 효과

이경자,구혜수 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1997 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.20 No.1

연구목적: Paclitaxel은 소관종합체의 형성을 안정화시키는 미소관 dr제제로서 이 작용이 주로 세포주기의 G2-M시기에 일어나기 때문에 방선 감작제의 가능성이 있는 항암제이다. 흰쥐의 간에서 paclitaxel과 방선조사를 병용하여 paclitaxel이 방사선의 효과에 미치는 여향을 파악하기 위한 실험연구이다. 방 법: 흰쥐 52마리를 대상으로 정상대조군, paclitaxel군, 방사선조사군과 paclitaxel과 방사선병용군으로 분류하였다. Paclitaxel군은 paclitaxel(10mg/kg)을 복강내에 1회 주입하였으며, 방사선조사군은 전복부에 8Gy x-ray를 단일 조사하였으며, 병용군은 paclitaxel(10mg/kg)을 주입 후 24시간에 방사선조사(8Gy)를 시행하였다. 실험완료 후 6시간, 24시간, 3일 및 5일에 간의 병리 조직학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 결 과: Paclitaxel군은 유사분열수가 6시간에 증가되어 24시간에 정상으로 회복되었다. 방사선조사군은 조사 후 6시간과 24시간에 apoptosis가 발현하였으며 3일 후 정상으로 회복되었다. 간세포의 괴사는 paclitaxel군, 방사선조사군 및 병용군에서 모두 나타났으며 괴사의 정도는 3군에서 차이가 없었다. 결 론: Paclitaxel주입 후 6시간에 유사분열중지가 유발되었으며 24시간에 정상으로 회복되었고 aoptosis는 발현되지 않았다. 방선조사 후 6시간과 24시간에 apoptosis가 유발되었으며 3일에 정상으로 회복되었다. 간세포의 괴사는 paclitaxel군, 방사선조사군 및 병용군에서 모두 나타났으며 3군에서 정도의 차이ㅏ 없었다. 따라서 paclitaxel을 방사선조사 24시간 전에 주입하여 간세포에서 방사선감작제의 효과는 없었다. Objectives : Paclitaxel(Taxol) si a chemotherapeutic agent with potent microtubule stabilizing activities that arrests cell cycle in G2-M. Since D2-m is the most radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle, paclitaxel has potential as a cell cycle-specific radiosensitizer. This study was designed to investigate the effects of paclitaxel to radiotoxicity in normal rat liver. Materials & Methods : A single intraperitoneal infusion of paclitaxel(10mg/kg), and a single irradiation(8Gy, x-ray) to the whole abdomen, and combination of irradiation(8Gy,x-ray)24 hours after paclitaxel infusion were done in Sprague-Dawley rats. The incidence of mitosis, apoptosis and parenchymal changes of the liver were evaluated at 6 hours, 24 hours, 3 and 5 days, respectively. Results : Paclitaxel and irradiation significantly increased mitosis at 6 hours and apoptosis was increased by irradiation at 6 and 24 hours. Increased numbers of apoptosis at 3 days by paclitaxel alone was not significantly different from control. Combination of paclitaxel and irradiation showed significantly increased numbers of mitosis and apoptosis at 6 hours. The degree of necrosis of hepatocyte was not significantly different between 3 groups. Conclusion : Since the incidence of mitosis, apoptosis and hepatocyte necrosis were not increased by paclitaxel infusion 24 hours before irradiation, paclitaxel did not show radiosensitizing effect in this experimental condition. Studies with conditions similar to clinical situation will be the next stop to define the radiosensitizing effects of paclitaxel.

불소도포한 상아질면의 산처리가 상아질 접착에 미치는 영향

황혜경 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1996 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.13 No.-

불소도포한 상아질면에 상아질접착제를 이용한 레진 수복시 접착력이 현저히 감소함을 관찰 한 바, 이에 대한 후속 연구로서 불소도포한 상아질면에 대해 산의 농도와 적용시간을 증가시킨 탈회를 시행할 경우 상아질 접착제의 접착강도의 회복양상을 비교, 관찰할 목적으로 발거한 소의 하악 전치의 순면 상아질면에 2% 불화나트륨 및 2% 불화석용액 5분간 도포한 다음 항온조에 3일간 보관한 후 각 군별로 10%, 32% 및 50% 인산 용액을 각각 15초, 30초 및 60초 동안 산부식시켜 All Bond®2와 BisfilTM을 이용하여 접착시킨 후 인장접착당도를 측정하고, 불소도포후 상아질 표면, 사처리에 따른 상아질 표면 및 파단면 양상을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 불화나트륨 및 불화석도포군에서 공히 불소를 도포하지 않은 대조군에 비해 접착력이 감소되어 나타났고 (p<0.05), 산처리에 따른 접착력의 회복정도는 전체적으로 불화석도포군에 비해 불화나트륨도포군에서 더 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 불화나트륨도포군의 50% 인산 15초 및 30초 적용군에서, 불화석도포군의 32% 인산 60초 적용군에서 대조군과 거의 비슷한 정도의 접착력으로 회복되어 나타났다. 2. 주사전자현미경적 관찰 결과 불화나트륨 및 불화석용액을 도포한 상아질면은 치질성분과 반응하여 형성된 침착물들로 덮혀 있었고 상아세관이 봉쇄되어 나타났다. 불소도 포한 상아질면의 산처리에 따른 표면양상은 산의 농도와 적용시간이 증가됨에 따라 불소도포로 인해 형성된 침착물들이 용해되어 상아세관의 개방과 탈회된 상아질면을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 파단면 관찰에서는 대조군과 동일 농도 및 동일 시간동안 산처리한 경우에는 주로 부착성 파단양상을 보였으며, 산의 농도와 적용시간이 증가함에 다라 응집성 파단이 증가되어 혼합파단양상을 나타냈으나 과다한 탈회시에는 주로 부착성 파단양상을 나타냈다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acid treatment of fluoride applied dentin surface with various concentrations of phosphoric acid for various periods of time on dentin bonding. Dentin specimens prepared from freshly extracted bovine mandibular anterior teeth were divided into fluoridated and nonfluoridated groups. Specimens of nonfluoridated group were pretreated with 10% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. Those of fluoridated groups were treated with 2% sodium fluoride or 2% stannous fluoride solution for 5 minutes and stored in 37℃ distilled water for 3 days, followed by phosphoric acid treatment. The concentrations of phosphoric acid were 10%,32% or 50% and the treatment periods of time were 15,30 or 60 seconds. All the specimens were bonded with All Bond®2 and BisfilTM compostie resin. After bonded specimens were stored in 37℃ distiled water for 24 hours, tensile bond strengths of each specimens were measured and the pretreated dentin and the fractured dentin surfaces were examined under the scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: The tensile bond strengths from the fluoridated groups were significantly lower than those from the nonfluoridated group when the concenturations of phosphoric acid and the treatement periods of time were equal in all the group (p<0.05). In general, the higher the concentration of phosphoric acid and the longer the treatment period of time for acid etching on the fluoride applied dentin surface, the higher were the bond strength values. Recovery of bond strength of the dentin bonding agent was better in the NaF applied group than in the SnF2 applied one. SEM findings of NaF applied and SnF2 applied dentin surfaces demonstrated reaction product-covered and partially or completely obstructed dentinal tubules. SEM findings of dentin surfaces fluoridated for 5 minutes followed by etching showed wider tubular openings and more clean dentin surfaces when dentin was etched with higher concentration of phosporic acid for longer period of time. On the SEM observations of the fractured dentin-resin interface, the etched specimens of fluoridated group showed an adhesive failure mode when the concentration of phosphoric acid and the treatment period of time were same as in the nonfluoridated group. As the concentration of phosphoric acid and the treatment period of time increase during acid etching, the cohesive failure area increased. However, excessive acid etching caused adhesive failure.

RSS기반 블로그 에이전트를 사용한 교육용 블로그 구현

황의경,문양세,김혜숙,김진호,이상민 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2007 정보통신논문지 Vol.11 No.-

More than 80% of the Internet users are familiar with blogs and exploit blogs as their primary communication tools in Korea. These blogs are widely used as a representative personal media service in educational applications as well as business marketing or information sharing applications. In this paper, we present an efficient mechanism of using blogs for educational applications. For this, we first investigate the major problems that the current educational blog sites have. We then propose a new notion of the blog agent that solves the problems and makes it easy to exploit blogs for educational applications. Contributions of the paper can be summarized as follows. First, we investigate the problems with respect to the homework management by analyzing the existing educational blog sites. Second, we present how we can solve the problems by using blog agent. Third, we show that, if exploiting the blog agent, we can easily design blog sites for homework, consultation, or lecture material management. Fourth, through a survey on current blog-related techniques, we select the RSS-based technique to implement our intelligent blog agent. Fifth, we implement the blog sites for homework, consultation, and lecture material management by using "Cyworld's Paper," which is one of RSS-based blog techniques.

경주시 생활폐기물 관리 현황

김경원,배해룡 경주대학교 건설환경연구소 2006 建設環境論叢 Vol.- No.8

Korea experiences high environmental pressures due to rapid growth in an environment of particularly limited carrying capacity. As a result, Korea's amount of waste generation is one of the highest among OECD member countries. Since 1993 the total amount of waste generation has steadily increased. However, Korea's domestic wastes from life and economic activities has substantially decreased. The ministry of Environment has outlined a national framework plan in the 2nd Comprehensive National Waste Management plan in March 2002. This study is to investigate present state of domestic wastes in Gyeongju in order to estimate regional possibility of achieving the plan. From the investigation, it is investigated that daily average generation of domestic waste decreased from 239.0 ton per day in 1996 to 209.0 ton per day in 2001 but increased to be 256.0 ton per day in 2004 since 2002. Landfill of them also increased to be 171.0 ton per day in 2004. Recycling of household waste slightly increased to be 28% in 2004. 국내 폐기물 발생량 현황을 보면 생활폐기물 발생량은 감소추세이었다. 경주시 생활페기물의 1일 발생량은 1996년도에는 239.0 톤/일이었으나 2001년까지 지속적으로 감소하여 209.0 톤/일로 조사되었다. 그러나 2002년에는 222.3 톤/일로 증가하였으며 2004년에는 256.0 톤/일로 최근 증가하는 추세를 나타내었다. 발생된 생활폐기물의 매립량 역시 1996년에는 171.0 톤/일에서 2001년에는 147.2 톤/일로 감소하였으나, 2002년 이후 소폭 상승하여 2004년에는 171.0 톤/일로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 소각량은 1997년 4.7 톤/일로 시작하여 2001년까지 소폭의 증가를 나타내었으나, 2003년 이후 급증하여 2004년에는 14.0 톤/일을 나타내었다. 재활용량은 1996년의 68.0 톤/일에서 1998년의 95.0 톤/일까지 증가하였으나, 1999년부터 점차 감소하였으며 2004년에는 4.1 톤/일로 2003년의 약 6%에 불과한 양으로 급감하였다. 생활폐기물의 처리방법은 노천 퇴적식 매립에 의존해 오다가 1997년 소각장이 준공·가동됨으로써 매립에만 의존하던 생활폐기물 처리방법이 매립과 소각으로 분리 처리되었다. 2001년부터는 공동주택 세대를 대상으로 음식물쓰레기 분리배출수거를 실시하여 음식물쓰레기는 전량 재활용되고 있어 매립장 사용기한 연장 및 소각장의 소각효율과 재활용률 증대에도 크게 기여하게 되었다. 1996년에서 1999년까지 매립량은 72에서 60%로 감소하였고, 재활용량은 28에서 38%로 증가하였으나, 2000년 이후 매립량은 75에서 79%로 증가하다 2003년 이후 감소하였고, 재활용은 2000년에 23%로 급감한 후 2004년까지 변동을 나타내며 상승하여 28%를 나타내었다.

간호학생의 자아개념과 건강상태와의 관계 연구

최혜경 서울保健大學 1995 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

This descriptive-correlational study was undertaken in order to examine if there were relationship between Self-Concept and Health Status in Nursing Students. The subject for this study were 145 Nursing Students from Seoul Health Junior College. The instruments used for this study were the Self-Concept Scale developed by Choi Chung Hun(1972) and Rosenberg(1971) which was composed of 30 items, and Cornell Medical Index(C. M. I.) developed by Brodman and modified by Nam, Ho Chang. C. M. I. is composed of 57 items which is followed by 'yes' or 'no'. A 'yes' means a health problem is present. Analysis of data was performed by use the SPSS computer program: mean, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used. The results of study were as followes : 1. Test of hypothesis: "The higher Self-Concept score, the better Health Status" was accepted.(r=-.2562, p<.0l) 2. The Self-Concept of total students were positively upper middle (mean=91.89, theoretically minimum 30-maximum 120). 3. The Health Status of total students were better lower middle(mean=19.48, theoretically minimum 0-maximum 57). In conclusion, this study revealed that Self-concept is an important factor that can improve Health Status.