정신분열병과 Neurotensin 수용체 유전자 다형성의 연합 연구

이유상,김형배,한진희,채영규,이정식,이혜순,주연호,김형섭,최인근,양병환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: Neurotensin(NT)은 NT수용체와 결합하여 그 효과를 나타내는 neuromodulator 혹은 neurotransmitter로서 대뇌에서 도파민의 분비를 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 근래의 연구에 의하면 NT와 그 수용체는 대뇌에서 항정신병 약물의 효과를 매개하는 것으로 생각되고 있으며 약물치료를 받지 않은 정신분열병 환자의 뇌척수액에서 NT의 양이 적으로 보고되고 있어 이들은 정신분열병과 깊은 관련을 가지고 있을 것으로 추정된다. 최근 NT수용체의 유전자의 3`인접영역에서 정보가치가 높은 4 염기반복 다형성이 발견되어 이를 유전 표지자로 하여 정신분열병과의 연합을 알아보았다. 방 법: 서로 혈연관계에 있지 않은 정신분열병 환자 120명(남자 91명, 여자 29명)과 정상 대조군 106명(남자 84명, 여자 22명)을 대상으로 하였다. PANSS를 사용하여 양성 및 음성을 알아보았다. 말초혈액에서 DNA를 분리한 후에 중합효소연쇄반응을 사용하여 3`인접영역에 있는 4 염기 반복 다형성을 증폭하였고 silver staining한 후에 유전자형을 관찰하였다. chi-square 검증과 Bonferroni`s correction을 사용하여 환자군과 정상 대조군간의 대립유전자 빈도의 차이를 알아보았다. 또한 양성 및 음성 환자군으로 나누어 차이를 알아보았다. 결 과: 총 23개의 대립유전자가 관찰되었으며, 399bp의 대립유전자(A10)의 빈도가 환자군보다 정상대조군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(χ²=16.49, df=1, p<0.001). 음성 정신분열병 환자군과 정상대조군 사이의 비교에서는 정상대조군의 A10의 빈도가 환자군보다 유의하게 높았다(χ²=21.33, df=1, p<0.001). 성별 비교에서 남자 정신분열병 환자군은 대조군에 비하여 A10의 분포가 유의하게 적었다. (χ²=13.71, df=1, p<0.001) 결 론: NT 수용체 유전자와 정신분열병사이에 음성연합이 관찰되었다. NT 수용체 유전자가 일부 정신분열병의 발병과정에서 확실하지는 않지만 어떤 종류의 보호기능을 할 수도 있다는 것을 암시한다. Objectives: Neurotensin(NT), of which functions are evoked by its interaction with neurotensin receptors(NTR), coexists with mesolimbic dopamine and regulates endogenous dopamine release. Recent studies have shown that NT with NTR exerts neuroleptic-like activity within the central nervous system and may play an important role in the pathogenesis and in the treatment of schizophrenia. We have examined the gentic association between schizophrenia and tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 3-flanking region of the NTR gene to investigate the possible contribution of the NTR gene to the schizophrenia susceptibility. Methods: Among 23 alleles identified, the subjects were 120 patients(male 91, female 29)with schizophrenia and 106 normal healthy controls(male 84, female 22). They were unrelated native Korean. PANSS was used to determine positive or negative subgroup in the schizophrenic patients. Using polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism(CCTT and CTT) in the 3`-flanking region of NTR gene was observed. For a comparison of NTR gene`s allelic frequencies between patients with schizophrenia and normal healthy controls, chi-square test and Bonferroni`s correction was performed. Results: The frequency of A10 allele(base pair size=399)was significantly higher in normal healthy controls than schizophrenia(χ²=16.4902, df=1, p<.000). In the comparison between schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and normal controls, the frequency of A10 allele was significantly higher in normal healthy control subjects than patients with schizophrenia(χ²=21.33, df=1, p<0.001). In the case of male, the frequency of A10 allele of schizophrenia was significantly higher than normal controls(χ²=13.71, df=1, p<0.001). Conclusions: NTR gene was negatively associated with schizophrenia. NTR gene`s tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism may provide some protective function against schizophrenia.

AE기법 이용한 JLF/STS304이종재료의 최적 마찰용접조건에 관한 연구

윤한기,이진경,이상필,공유식 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.2

저방사화 페라이트강인 JLF는 핵융합로의 블랑켓과 같은 열교환기의 재료로써 유용한 재료이다. 이 재료의 광범위한 적용을 위해서는 JLF강과 다른 재료와의 접합기술의 개발이 중요하다. 최근 두 이종재료간의 접합에는 마찰용접이 많이 이용되고 있으며 본 연구에서도 JLF강과 STS304 간의 마찰용접에 의한 용접특성을 평가하였으며 특히 비파괴기법중의 하나인 음향방출 기법을 이용하여 두 이종재료간의 용접특성 및 최적의 용접조건을 평가하였다. 음향방출 파라미터중의 하나인 카운트와 사상수 등이 최적용접조건 및 용접품질을 평가하는데 유효한 파라미터들이었다. Japanese low activation ferritic steel(JLF) is a good material for the parts of heat exchanger such as blanket and diverter. At first, JLF was developed as a candidate for structural materials in nuclear fusion applications. However, the development of the jointing technique of JLF steel to other materials is important for wide applications of this material to the industry fields. Recently the jointing technologies including diffusion bonding, brazing, roll bonding, explosive bonding and hot iso-static pressing have been studied for the heterogeneous materials of JLF-1 steel(Fe-9Cr-2W-V-Ta) and stainless steel(STS304). Friction welding is one of the most popular welding methods for two different kinds of materials. In this paper, the JLF-1 steel was jointed to STS304 by friction welding method and the optimal conditions of the friction welding discussed. Acoustic emission was used as a nondestructive technique to evaluate the weld quality in processing.

TORC2 Regulates Hepatic Insulin Signaling via a Mammalian Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase, LIPIN1

Ryu, Dongryeol,Oh, Kyoung-Jin,Jo, Hee-Yeon,Hedrick, Susan,Kim, Yo-Na,Hwang, Yu-Jin,Park, Tae-Sik,Han, Joong-Soo,Choi, Cheol Soo,Montminy, Marc,Koo, Seung-Hoi Elsevier 2009 Cell metabolism Vol.9 No.3

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>TORC2 is a major transcriptional coactivator for hepatic glucose production. Insulin impedes gluconeogenesis by inhibiting TORC2 via SIK2-dependent phosphorylation at Ser171. Interruption of this process greatly perturbs hepatic glucose metabolism, thus promoting hyperglycemia in rodents. Here, we show that hyperactivation of TORC2 would exacerbate insulin resistance by enhancing expression of LIPIN1, a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase for diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesis. Diet-induced or genetic obesity increases <I>LIPIN1</I> expression in mouse liver, and TORC2 is responsible for its transcriptional activation. While overexpression of LIPIN1 disturbs hepatic insulin signaling, knockdown of LIPIN1 ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by reducing DAG and PKCϵ activity in <I>db/db</I> mice. Finally, TORC2-mediated insulin resistance is partially rescued by concomitant knockdown of LIPIN1, confirming the critical role of LIPIN1 in the perturbation of hepatic insulin signaling. These data propose that dysregulation of TORC2 would further exaggerate insulin resistance and promote type 2 diabetes in a LIPIN1-dependent manner.</P>

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Nephrectomy Using a Modified Umbilical Incision and a Home-Made Transumbilical Port

Yu, Ho Song,Ham, Won Sik,Rha, Koon Ho,Han, Sang Won,Choi, Young Deuk,Han, Woong Kyu,Chang, Won Sik Yonsei University College of Medicine 2011 Yonsei medical journal Vol.52 No.2

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To assess the clinical utility of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) nephrectomy using a modified umbilical incision and home-made transumbilical port in cases requiring extirpative surgery.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Initial consecutive 18 patients underwent LESS nephrectomies that were performed by a single surgeon. A home-made port was placed through a modified umbilical incision, the length of which had preoperatively been determined. The laparoscopic transperitoneal nephrectomy procedures were performed with various combinations of standard and articulating laparoscopic instruments. Patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes, including pathologic results, were recorded prospectively.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>All 18 extirpative surgeries, including simple nephrectomy (eight cases), radical nephrectomy (nine cases), and nephroureterectomy (one case), were completed successfully. The median operation time was 167 min (range 82-220), and the median blood loss was 250 mL (range 0-1050). All specimens were extracted intact through a modified umbilical incision (median length 2.5 cm, range 1.5-6.0). Final pathological analysis revealed a nonfunctioning kidney in five cases, a dysplastic kidney in three cases, a mixed epithelial and stromal tumor in one case, renal cell carcinoma in eight cases (T1: five cases, T3: three cases), and Ta ureter transitional cell carcinoma in one case.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>LESS nephrectomy using a home-made port and modified umbilical incision is feasible with both minimal incision and cost-effective. Our technique may be more useful for extirpative procedures in which a specimen needs to be removed intact, because incision length can be freely adjusted. Prospective comparisons are warranted to more clearly elucidate the utility of this surgical technique.</P>

성바오로 병원에 찾아온 환자 중 임상적으로 본 장기별 결핵분포(제2보)

한유식 ( Yu Sik Han ),정진우 ( Jin Wu Jeong ),박성학 ( Sung Hak Park ),변해원 ( Hae Won Byun ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1979 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.26 No.1

3 급 부정교합의 치료

유필식(Pil Sik Yu),김동훈(Dong Hun Kim),김중한(Joong Han Kim),이승미(Seung Me Lee),김미애(Mee Ae Kim),박관수(Kwan Su Park),박형수(Hyoung Soo Park),임한호(Han Ho Lim),윤영주(Young Jooh Yoon),김광원(Kwang Won Kim) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2000 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.24 No.2

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칼 포퍼의 점진적 정치공학과 법가의 정치기획

최연식(Choi Yeon Sik),유능한(Yu Neung Han) 한국동양정치사상사학회 2007 한국동양정치사상사연구 Vol.6 No.1

이 글의 목적은 법가의 역사인식과 정치기획을 포퍼(Karl R. Popper)가 제안했던 점진적 정치공학이라는 관점에서 재해석하는 것이다. 법가 사상에 대한 기존의 연구들은 법가의 정치기획을 전제적 왕권의 확립과 이를 위한 개인적 권리의 제약이라는 관점에서 다루어 왔다. 그러나 법가의 문제의식을 왕권강화의 논리에 초점을 맞추어 해석할 경우, 법가 사상가들이 기획했던 봉건질서의 붕괴에 대한 치밀한 공학적 설계의 의미를 간과하기 쉽다. 따라서 이 글에서는 닫힌사회와 열린사회에 대한 포퍼의 구분과 그에 대한 정치공학적 접근을 토대로 『상군서』와 『한비자』에 나타난 법가의 점진적 정치공학을 분석하고자 한다. 법가의 점진적 정치공학이 갖는 의미는 무엇보다도 개혁의 시의성에서 찾을 수 있다. 법가는 주나라의 제도와 문화로 회귀하려는 공자의 정치기획이 갖는 비현실성을 비판하면서, 그에 대한 현실적이고 공학적인 청사진을 제시하고자 했다. 법가가 지향했던 새로운 대안은 종법적(宗法的) 위계질서를 법치가 실현되는 수평적 질서로 대체하는 것이었다. 특히 법가는 공적영역과 사적 영역의 엄정한 구분을 통해서 정치의 안정성을 확보하고, 이에 기초한 법치의 전형을 확립하고자 했다. The purpose of this paper is to reinterpret Legalists' historical perception and political planning through the piecemeal political engineering perspective proposed by Karl R. Popper. Literature in the field mainly viewed the political planning of legalism as the groundwork for establishing absolute monarchy while constraining political rights of citizens. However, what has been overlooked, if legalism is mainly focused on the logic of royal authority, is the significance of precise engineering on the collapse of feudal order planned by Legalists. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the distinctions of closed society and open society made by Popper, and the idea of piecemeal political engineering found in the Book of Lord Shang and Han Feizi. The significance of Legalists' piecemeal political engineering can be found mainly in the timeliness of reform. Legalists criticized Confucius' impractical political plans to return to the system and culture of ancient Chinese Zhou dynasty. Moreover, Legalists made an attempt to present a more realistic and engineered blueprint. The new alternative plan promoted by Legalists was to replace the social hierarchy based on clan code with a social system of horizontal order in which law was realized. Legalists especially tried to establish political stability through strict distinction between public and private spheres, and establish a prototype of legal model based on such rationale.

Acute and 28-Day Subacute Toxicity Studies of Hexane Extracts of the Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Han, Chung-Tack,Kim, Myoung-Jun,Moon, Seol-Hee,Jeon, Yu-Rim,Hwang, Jae-Sik,Nam, Chunja,Park, Chong-Woo,Lee, Sun-Ho,Na, Jae-Bum,Park, Chan-Sung,Park, Hee-Won,Lee, Jung-Min,Jang, Ho-Song,Park, Sun-Hee,H Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.4

Lithospermum erythrorhizon has long been used as a traditional oriental medicine. In this study, the acute and 28-day subacute oral dose toxicity studies of hexane extracts of the roots of L. erythrorhizon (LEH) were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the acute toxicity study, LEH was administered once orally to 5 male and 5 female rats at dose levels of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg. Mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for 14 days. Salivation, soft stool, soiled perineal region, compound-colored stool, chromaturia and a decrease in body weight were observed in the extract-treated groups, and no deaths occurred during the study. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of LEH in male and female rats was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity study, LEH was administered orally to male and female rats for 28 days at dose levels of 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg/day. There was no LEH-related toxic effect in the body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology, clinical chemistry and organ weights. Compound-colored (black) stool, chromaturia and increased protein, ketone bodies, bilirubin and occult blood in urine were observed in the male and female rats treated with the test substance. In addition, the necropsy revealed dark red discoloration of the kidneys, and the histopathological examination showed presence of red brown pigment or increased hyaline droplets in the renal tubules of the renal cortex. However, there were no test substance-related toxic effects in the hematology and clinical chemistry, and no morphological changes were observed in the histopathological examination of the kidneys. Therefore, it was determined that there was no significant toxicity because the changes observed were caused by the intrinsic color of the test substance. These results suggest that the no-observed-adverse-effect Level (NOAEL) of LEH is greater than 400 mg/kg/day in both sexes.

Clinical significance of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in resectable pancreatic cancer on survivals

Yu, Da-Young,Yu, Young-Dong,Kim, Wan-Bae,Han, Hyung-Joon,Choi, Sae-Byul,Kim, Dong-Sik,Choi, Sang-Yong,Kim, Joo-Young,Chang, Hyeyoon,Kim, Baek-Hui The Korean Surgical Society 2018 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.94 No.5

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Noninvasive precursor lesions for pancreatic adenocarcinoma include pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and mucinous cystic neoplasm. PanIN is often found synchronously adjacent to resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors. However, its prognostic significance on outcome after PDAC resection is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the presence of PanIN has a prognostic or predictive effect on survival after resection for PDAC with curative intent.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic data of patients who underwent pancreatectomy for PDAC from January 2002 to January 2013. Intraductal papillary mucinous lesions and mucinous cystic neoplasms were excluded. All available postoperative imaging and clinical follow-up data were reviewed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>There were 95 patients who underwent pancreatectomy. Tumors were most commonly located in the pancreas head and as such pancreaticoduodenectomy was the most commonly performed operation. The median tumor size was 3.2 cm. An absence of PanIN lesions was identified in 39 patients (41%). Of the patients with PanIN lesions, high-grade PanIN (grade 3) was the most common type (64.3%) followed by grade 2 (28.6%). There was no significant difference in overall survival or disease-free survival between the non-PanIN and PanIN groups.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The presence or absence of PanIN lesions did not affect survival in patients undergoing resection for pancreatic cancer. However, patients with high-grade PanINs tended to have better overall survival. Larger studies with longer follow up are needed to accurately determine its clinical significance.</P>

근피판을 이용한 두경부 재건

한예식,유태현 고신대학교 의학부 1986 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

Large defects from resection of tumor in head and neck area may result functional and esthetic disturbance. Several methods of repair are known which utilize flap designed from the forehead, neck, and deltopectoral area. But, these flaps often failed because of the poor vascular supply due to previous surgery and irradiation in this area. Recently, the development of myocutaneous flap can facilitate the reconstruction of the head and neck immediately. The pectoralis major myocutnaeous flap, sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, and trapezius myocutaneous flap, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, and trapezius myocutaneous flap were used for head and neck reconstruction. Each flap has advantage and disadvantages. But, the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was more utilizing and less complicated than other procedures. In this paper, we present our experiences of two pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps and one sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap.