텔레비젼(TV)생산업체 근로자들의 영상단말기(VDT)작업이 시력과 안증상에 미치는 영향

우극현,최광서,정영연,한구웅,박정한,이종협,Woo, Kuck-Hyeun,Choi, Gwang-Seo,Jung, Young-Yeon,Han, Gu-Wung,Park, Jung-Han,Lee, Jong-Hyeob 대한예방의학회 1992 예방의학회지 Vol.25 No.3

영상단말기 (VDT)작업이 시력과 안증상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 1991년 7월에서 10월 사이에 구미시의 1개 TV생산업체에 종사하는 근로자들 가운데 채용 당시 안과적으로 문제가 없었고, 나안시력이 1.0 이상인 40세 미만 남자 338명을 대상으로 일일 평균 화면작업시간이 4시간 미만인 근로자(I군, 60명)와 4시간 이상인 근로자(II군, 204명)를 폭로군으로 하고 유사한 작업환경에서 근무하는 비화면작업자(74명)를 비폭로군으로 나누어 연령, 작업경력, 교대근무형태, 확대경 사용유무, 1일 평균 TV시청 시간 및 수면시간과 그리고 안자각증상에 대한 설문조사를 실시한 후, 안과적검사를 시행하였다. 조사시 원거리시력 (양안의 평균시력)이 채용시에 비해 0.15 이상 저하된 비율은 II군이 20.6%로 비화면작업군의 14.9 %, I군의 15.0 % 보다 다소 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차는 아니었다. 연령, 작업경력, 확대경 사용유무, 교대근무형태 등에 따라 층화하여 원거리시력 저하율을 비교해 본 결과 세 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차가 없었다. 근거리시력 저하율도 비화면작업군이 28.4 %, I군이 18.3 %, II군이 27.5 %로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 연령 등 4가지 독립변수를 층화하여 비교해 보아도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 안자각증상 호소율은 안피로를 포함한 7가지 항목에서 눈물이 나는 것을 제외한 모든 항목에서 비화면작업군에 비해 I군이, I군 보다는 II군이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 화면작업자 264명 가운데 조명이 나쁜 장소에서 일하는 근로자들의 원거리시력 저하율과 안자각증상 호소율이 조명이 좋은 작업장에서 일하는 근로자보다 더 높았다(P<0.05). 7가지 안자각증상을 각 증상 마다 늘 느끼는 경우는 2, 가끔 느끼면 1, 느끼지 않으면 0으로 점수화하여 개인별 총 안증상 점수를 구해 세 군간에 원거리시력 차이 유무별로 비교해 본 결과, 시력차 유무에 따른 평균 안자각증상 점수의 차는 없었으나 시력차 유무에 관계없이 II군의 평균 안자각증상 점수가 6.13 으로 I군(3.53) 또는 비화면작업군(3.30) 보다 훨씬 더 높았다(P<0.01). 안자각증상 점수와 유의한 상관관계를 보인 독립변수들은 화면작업시간, 확대경 사용유무, 교대근무형태 등이었고, 채용시와 조사시 원거리시력 차이, 원거리시력과 근거리시력 차이, 누액분비기능, 안압, 굴절력 등과 유의한 상관관계를 보인 독립 변수는 하나도 없었다. 안자각증상 점수를 종속변수로 하는 중선형 회귀분석 결과에서는 화면작업시간이 길수록, 단부제나 2교대 근무자보다 3교대 근무자에서 유의한 선형관계를 나타내었다(P<0.01). 본 조사에서는 1일 장시간 VDT작업으로 시력이 저하되는 것은 관찰할 수 없었고 안자각증상은 유발되는 것으로 나타났다. 안자각증상의 예방을 위해 VDT 작업장의 조명을 적절하게 유지하고 장시간 연속해서 작업하지 않도록 작업관리를 해야 할 것이다. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of VDT work on eyes and vision among workers in a TV manufacturing plant. The study subjects consisted of 264 screen workers and 74 non-screen workers who were less than 40 years old male and had no history of opthalmic diseases such as corneal opacities, trauma, keratitis, etc and whose visual acuity on pre-employment health examination by Han's test chart was 1.0 or above. The screen workers were divided into two groups by actual time for screen work in a day : Group I, 60 workers, lesser than 4 hours a day and group II, 204 workers, more than 4 hours a day. From July to October 1992 a questionnaire was administered to all the study subjects for the general charateristics and subjective eye symptoms after which the opthalmologic tests such as visual acuity, spherical equivalent, lacrimal function, ocular pressure, slit lamp test, fundoscopy were conducted by one opthalmologist. The proportion of workers whose present visual acuity was decreased more than 0.15 in comparison with that on the pre-employment health examination by Han's test chart was 20.6% in Group II. 15.0% in Group I and 14.9% in non-screen workers. However, the differences in proportion were not statistically significant. The proportion of workers with decreased visual acuity was not associated with the age, working duration, use of magnifying glass and type of shift work (independent variables) in all of the three groups. However, screen workers working under poor illumination had a higher proportion of persons with decreased visual acuity than those working under adequate illumination (P<0.05) . The proportion of workers whose near vision was decreased was 27.5% in Group II, 18.3% in Group I, and 28.4% in non-screen workers and these differences in proportion were not statistically significant. Changes of near vision were not associated with 4 independent variables in all of the three groups. Six out of seven subjective eye symptoms except tearing were more common in Group I than in non-screen workers and more common in Group II than in Group I (P<0.01). Mean of the total scores for seven subjective symptoms of each worker(2 points for always, 1 point for sometimes, 0 point for never) was not significantly different between workers with decreased visual acuity and workers with no vision change. However, mean of the total scores for Group II was higher than those for the Group I and non-screen workers (P<0.01). Total eye symptom scores were significantly correlated with the grade of screen work, use of magnifying glass, and type of shift work. There was no independent variable which was correlated with the difference in visual acuity between the pre-employment health examination and the present state, the difference between far and near visions, lacrimal function, ocular pressure, and spherical equivalent. Multiple linear regression analysis for the subjective eye symptom scores revealed a positive linear relationship with actual time for screen work and shift work(P<0.01). In this study it was not observed that the VDT work decreased visual acuity but it induces subjective eye symptoms such as eye fatigue, blurred vision, ocular discomfort, etc. Maintenance of adequate illumination in the work place and control of excessive VDT work are recommended to prevent such eye symptoms.

Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation

Kim, S.-H.,Lee, S.-O.,Park, I.-A.,Park, S.J.,Choi, S.-H.,Kim, Y.S.,Woo, J.H.,Park, S.-K.,Park, J.S.,Kim, S.C.,Han, D.J. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010 Transplant infectious disease Vol.12 No.2

<P>S.-H. Kim, S.-O. Lee, I.-A. Park, S.J. Park, S.-H. Choi, Y.S. Kim, J.H. Woo, S.-K. Park, J.S. Park, S.C. Kim, D.J. Han. Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation.Transpl Infect Dis 2010: <B>12:</B> 113–119. All rights reserved</P><P>Background</P><P>The presence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) should be evaluated before kidney transplantation. Although a new T cell-based assay for diagnosing LTBI gave promising results, this assay has not yet been compared with the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosing LTBI in renal transplant candidates before transplantation.</P><P>Patients and methods</P><P>All adult patients admitted to a single institute for renal transplantation over a 1-year period were prospectively enrolled. A clinically predictive risk of LTBI was defined as: (i) recent close contact with a person with pulmonary TB; (ii) abnormal chest radiography; (iii) a history of untreated or inadequately treated TB; or (iv) a new infection (i.e., a recent conversion of TST).</P><P>Results</P><P>Of 209 renal recipients, 47 (22%) had a positive TST≥5 mm, 21 (10%) had a positive TST≥10 mm, 65 (30%) had a positive T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test, and 25 (12%) had an indeterminate T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test. The induration size of TST was significantly associated with a high positivity rate on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> (<I>P</I><0.001). Agreement between T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test and TST≥10 mm was fair (<I>k</I>=0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.36). However, neither univariate nor multivariate analysis showed any association between the clinical risk for LTBI and positivity on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> or TST.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test was more frequently positive than TST in renal transplant candidates. However, further longitudinal studies are awaited to determine whether the ability of T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> assay to detect LTBI in renal transplant recipients can better predict the development of TB than can TST after transplantation.</P>

유량변동에 따른 소양강유역 수질의 통계학적 해석

최한규,백경원,최용묵,최진우 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 産業技術硏究 Vol.21 No.B

This research was conducted with the aim of efficiently managing large scale of rivers such like Songyang-river through predicting water quality change with analyzing the characteristics of the flowing in nutrients and pollutants. The main result will be used as basic data for effectively operating reservoirs through controling water quality and quantity. The relationship between quantity of flow and water quality was analyzed and pollution loading into the basin was estimated. Three areas of Soyang-river upstream and one area of Suip-cheon in Yanggu-gun were selected as research sites. Flow and water quality were measured simultaneously. The relation between quantity of discharge and pollution concentration and between quantity of discharge and pollution loading were analyzed by statistical method, respectively. We provided a rating curve through measuring quantity of discharge(collection quantity of discharge)and pollutograph and pollution loading curve through water quality data. Also, we analyzed the correlation between quantity of discharge per unit area and pollution loading per unit area in each basin. As resurt of this research, Buk-cheon spot revealed an excellent first grade water quality for the items including BOD5, DO, and SS. The correlation coefficient between Buk-cheon spot's quantity of discharge and pollution loading was 0.896~0.996, showing the validity of analysis applying correlation curve formula of quantity of discharge and pollution loading in the same spot. Also, pollution loading per unit area of the items including BOD5, COD, DO, SS, T-N, T-P increased as area of basins get increased following the sequence of Buk-cheon, Suip-cheon, Naelin-cheon spots.

가막만 패류양식장의 수질 및 저질특성

최철웅,문성용,윤호섭,라성주,한종석,최상덕,이우범 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 環境硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This study was performed to characterize the seasonal fluctuation of water quality and sediment environment from April, 2001 to November, 2001 in Gamak bay. Which was a productive area, but recently its fisheries conditional have been deteriorated because of increasing waste-water from municipal area, industry and autochthonous pollution by farm industry. In the survey of seawater quality, DO and COD concentrations were lowest in bottom layer at summer, but DIN and DIP contents were higher than those in surface layer. Eutrophication indices mean that eutrophication area move from south to north entrance via northern-west inner area with seasonal change from summer to autumn. In the survey of sediment environment, ignition loss(IL), chemical oxygen demand(COD), DIN and Dip were in the range of 3.8~15.7%, 10.3~60.6mg/g-dry, 5.053~1.810mg/ℓ and 0.065~0.324mg/ℓ , respectively. COD in sediment were highest at winter and spring. And, they were higher than sediment standard in the south inner area, which mean heavily polluted conditions with organic constituents.

사후분해 시체에 대한 법의학적 접근

최영식,이상용,김유훈,조갑래,이봉우,양경무,정낙은,서중석,이한영,이원태,강현욱 大韓法醫學會 2000 대한법의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Disposal of a homicide victim by dismemberment is rare, but individual cases are on record in most major medicolegal departments. Recognition of postmortem mutilation may be of importance in the interpretation of certain murders committed by sexual perverts and other mentally deranged individuals and sometimes performed for the sole reason of easier disposal of the body. Postmortem dismemberment is usually readily recognizable as such; The edges of the injuries are dry and lack evidence of bleeding. The joints may be disarticulated without fracture, or the use of an axe or saw may be evident from examination of bones. Parallel horizontal or oblique furrows in the bone surface are caused by skipping of the saw prior to establishing depth. Such patterns on the bone may assist in identifying the particular saw involved. So we report 25 dismembered corpses that autopsied in National Institute of Scientific Investigation. This paper can help in attempting to establish not only the first criminal investigation steps but also the medicolegal approach methods in unidentified and dismembered deaths.

중앙아시아 민족주의 운동과 고려인 집단 정체성 문제

최한우 전남대학교 아시아태평양지역연구소 2000 아시아태평양지역연구 Vol.3 No.1

중앙아시아는 과거 5백여 년 전부터 기독교인 러시아인들과 무슬림 튀르크계 민족들 사이의 갈등과 대립 지배 관계 속에서 발달해 왔다. 제정러시아와 그 뒤를 이은 소련은 집요하게 튀르크 민족집단을 해체하고 지배하려는 정책으로 일관하였고, 이에 대해서 중앙아시아와 카프카즈의 튀르크계 민족들(Turkic peoples)은 범튀르크주의(Pan-Turkism)의 이상을 가지고 유라시아의 무슬림 튀르크계 민족 집단의 연합 내지는 연대를 통해 러시아 제국주의 혹은 범슬라브주의에 대항해 왔다. 러시아 및 소련의 집요한 분열 획책 정책으로 중앙아시아와 카프카즈 지역에 광범위하게 분포되어 있는 중앙아시아 튀르크계 민족 집단 내에는 서서히 토착민족주의가 발달하기 시작하였다. 이러한 토착민족주의는 소련 해체이후 중앙아시아 내 민족국가 형성과 발전뿐만 아니라 중앙아시아의 대외 관계에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 중앙아시아의 고려인 집단의 경우는 대제로 소련 체제하에서 민족주의(nationalism) 운동은 일어나지 않았으며, 도리어 체제 적응을 위한 줄기찬 개별적 노력만이 있었을 뿐이다. 과거의 고려인 집단에 대해 우리가 적응할 수 있는 가장 효율적인 것은 라이 타라스(Ray Taras)가 제시한, 다수민족에 대한 지배(domination) 관계 하에서 이루어진 소수민족의 공모(collusion)가 있었던 깃으로 사료된다. 또한 다수 지배민족을 의식한 피지배 소수민족 간 종족 간 경쟁(ethnic competition)이 일부 적용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 살펴볼 때, 중앙아시아 고려인 집단의 발전을 위해서 먼저 동족애(peoplehood)를 넘어 민족집단 정체성(ethnic identity)을 확보해야 하는 시급성이 있다. 이를 위해서는 다음과 같은 사항이 정책적으로 고려되어야 한다. 첫재, 중앙아시아 고려인들이 현지 국어를 습득할 수 있도록 도와야 한다. 둘째 한국학 교육이 지원되어야 하며, 중앙아시아 고려인들을 위한 한국학 내용은 중앙아시아와 한반도 한민족 공동체를 이어줄 수 있는 알타이민족 공동체에 대한 비전의 틀에서 연구되고 제시되어야 한다. 아시아대륙에 전통적으로 슬라브문화권, 중국문화권, 인도문화권, 아랍문화권이 상정되어 있다. 그러나 그 실체가 분명한 알타이 문화권(Altaic Culture Area)에 대한 학문적 접근이 매우 시급하다. 이러한 연구와 구상은 중앙아시아 고려인들뿐만 아니라 신(新)실크로드가 펼쳐지는 21세기 통일한국이후 한민족 정체성과 발전 전력과도 연계되는 것이다. 셋째, 알타이학을 기초로 하는 정체성 있는 교육을 통해 고려인들의 민족 정체성이 확보되어야 한다. 또한 더 나아가서 알타이 공동체 비젼을 발전시킴으로써 중앙아시아에서 소수민족으로써 고려인들이 현지인들과 갈등 관계없이 상호 시너지 효과를 창출하면서 고려인 민족 집단의 발전을 꾀할 수 있을 것이다. Not only in the Soviet system, but also in the politics of the new Central Asian states, nationality has being affected virtually everything. It has not been, as it is sometimes thought, confined to issues such as language and culture. There has been a nationalities component to every facet of Soviet politics. From this perspective, such as the role of diasporas, minorities, the importance of religious differences, regional economic relationships, and international relations should be considered. The central issue of the Soviet empire was that Russian domination exercised throuhg the Soviet state was responsible for nationalist unrest. In the Soviet period, expressions of nationalism represented little more than outgrowths of anti-communist sentiment, and the Soviet peoples knew well that the communist rule was closely linked to Russian domination. To the peoples of the Soviet regime which consisted of more than 150 nationalities, the Sovietization policy or the creation of the soviet narod by the regime was closely relaxed with the Russification intention. In order to understand correctly Pan-Turkism which was the most influential and Powerful national movement in the Soviet Period, we should not reglect the fact that Soviet nationalities problems were more than merely a product of the Soviet era, and that the roots of the emblems were more complex, transcending the nature of direct Soviet ru1e and going to the Russian expansion to Caucasus and Central Asia since 17th century AD. During the early years of perestroika and glasnost, ethnic political mobilizaton reached the height in the Soviet history. After the collapse the Soviet union, the Central Asian states entered the new era of the process of nation building or rebuilding. Several independent states were formed in Central Asia regardless of the political mobilization of Pan-Turkists for the re-establishment of the Turkistan Republic including all the Turkic republic in Central Asia. This result reflects the success of the Soviet scheme of boosting ethnic nationalism in Eurasia in order to encounter both of the anti-Russian and anti-Soviet national movements of major titular nationalities. On the other hand, with the disappearance of the Soviet empire, Koreans faced serious identity crisis; If one considers the fact that the Soviet Koreans was one of the most royal ethnic groups to the Soviet system and that Koreans was most sovietized people group among the Soviet peoples even more than Russians, he can understand why the Soviet Koreans in Central Asia was so embarrassed. In the past of the Soviet rule, there seemed a kind of political collusion between Soviet Koreans and Russians in Central Asia against native majorities, Uzbek, Kazakh, etc. Now it become serious problem for Koreans in Central Asia that most of the Soviet Koreans in Central Asia don't understand their own state language, i.e., Uzbek, Khazak, Kyrghyz, Turkmen languages. It is well known that Koreans have never tried to learn their state language especially in Uzbekistan since independence. During the last 10 years in the past after the Soviet regime, Soviet Koreans have suffered a sort of identity crisis, being at a loss what to be: To remain Soviet Koreans, transforming to South Korean, or to seek to their own identity Korye(高麗) people or an unique Korean, rejecting the identities both of South Koriean or Han(韓) People of North Korean or Chosun(朝鮮) people. Finally, in order to find a way to solve the Korean nationality problem as a minority, the aspect of nationalism of Central Asia should be considered together. Then when we approach to study together both of nationalism of the Central Asian states and Korean minority problem in Central Asia, in terms of strategy we should consider the fact at first that the Central Asian peoples and Korean are originally of same ethno-linguistic group, i.e. so-called the Altaic Group, together with Mongolian and Manchu-Tungus peoples. Turkic peoples of Central Asia and Turkey are closely related to Korean people culturally, linguistically, and historically.

섬유아세포 동종이식을 이용한 당뇨족부 궤양의 치료

최규진,한승규,김우경 大韓成形外科學會 2004 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.31 No.2

프레탈^(R)정(실로스타졸 50mg)에 대한 실로졸^(R)정의 생물학적 동등성

최한곤,권기철,이승호,김학미,박병주,유봉규,이종달,이경희,하정희,우종수,박인숙,최진석,용철순 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the Cilozol^(R)(Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA, Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~29 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 22 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 50㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered. blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between two tablets were 4.99%, 1.74% and 7.68%, respectively. The powers(1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were83.92%, 80.12% and 85.03%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilozol^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.

중앙아시아의 민족과 종교 문제 : Yesterday and Today 어제와 오늘

최한우 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1995 중동연구 Vol.14 No.-

To have the right understanding and a prospect of Central Asia, one at first should consider the ethnic problem or nationalism and the religion of Central Asia. These are directly and considerably related with foreign relations, economic development and social and political instability of the Central Asian states. The nationalism of Central Asia, as the author of this line always emphasized, originally goes back to around 500 years ago when the conflict for the global hegemony was started among Western civilization under the leadership of the Hapsburg dynasty of Austria, Slavic civilization of Orthodox christianity under the control of Russian empire, and Islamic civilization under the rule of the Osman Turkic empire. The uprising of nationalism and the Islamic movements which is seen nowadays in Central Asia should be understood as the manifestation of the anti-russian feeling of Central Asian people which was ignored for 70 years during the Period of ideological conflict. As Samuel Huntington, who argues the theory of civilization conflicts, has already pointed out, in Central Asia located along the northern line of Islamic civilization and directly bordered on Slav civilization, problems concerning religion, nation or nationalism and national identity will have a crucial effect on not only the present but also the future of Central Asia. On the other hand, nationalists and Islamists have been conflicting against each other in the process of setting up their own national identity in the Central Asian states which gained their independence without sufficent preparation after the sudden collapse of the former Soviet Union. From the confrontation, the nationalists have prevailed over the Islamists for the present. However, we should see to it that even if nationalists are supported by the majority of the people and seize hold of the power it does not mean in any way that Islamists are totally castrated in terms of their political power. As is often seen in the non-Arabic Islamic contries where most of the people are muslims, Islamists could recover their power at anytime by appealing to the people's religious feelings. Therefore, Islam would always remain to exert some influence on society, politics and foreign relations in Central Asian states. After the collapse of the former soviet Union, nationalist movements not only in the Turkic states of Central Asia but also in the Turkic autonomous republics of the Russian Federation like Tataristan, Bashkortstan, Tuva, Yakut, Chechen and so on remind us of the movementt of Pan-Turkism which erupted during the process of world order reformation before and after the World War One. Now Central Asia is entering upon a new phase and the Pan-Turkic nationalism of Central Asia which Turkey has led will have to confront not only Russian nationalism or Pan-Slavism but also Pan-Iranism which take advantage of the fundamentalist movements of Islam. This complicated situation will add uncertainty to the future of Central Asian states.

콤바인 예취날의 형상이 볏짚절단저항에 미치는 영향

최우영,김태한 慶北大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2004 慶北大農學誌 Vol.22 No.-

This study is performed in order to provide the basic information needed for the development of cutting blade for combine. By comparing the developed cutting blade of which were made groove of the surface with the common cutting blade. Friction force and cutting resistance by the cutter bar speed ratio and moisture content of rice stalk were shown as follows: 1. The friction force of the developed cutting blade is shown at the average value 0.12㎏ · m as 25% lower than one of the common blade at the average value 0.16㎏ · m. 2. The cutting resistance of the developed cutting blade is shown as respectively 12%, 15% and 20% lower than one of the common blade at the moisture content of rice stalk of 14.2%, 55.3% and 84.2%. 3. The cutting resistance of cutting blade by two different driving types is shown that the one by double driving type is 0.2㎏ · m, and the one by single driving type is 0.24㎏ · m. 4. Optimum cutter bar speed ratio of cutting blade is shown as different according to the moisture content of rice stalk.