Interrelation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, and p27Kip1 Expression on Tissue Arrays of Breast Cancer

Sehwan Han,Young-Duck Kim,Hong-Yong Kim,Hong-Joo Kim,Kyeongmee Park,Byung-Noe Bae,Suk Yong Ryu,Ki Hwan Kim 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.5

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical impact of the alteredexpression of cell cycle regulators in stage I and II breastcancers.Materials and Methods: The interaction between cyclinD1/E and p27Kip1 expressions were analyzed usingtissue microarray (TMA) technology in 133 breast cancers.Data from the immunohistochemical assays of 3molecules were merged, and analyzed, with a Ki67labeling index of the same tumors.Results: Cyclin D1 was expressed in 72 breast carcinomas(54.1%) and cyclin E in 60 (45.1%) out of the 133breast carcinomas. Expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclinE were inversely related to each other, and significantlyassociated with the estrogen receptor (ER) expressionand differentiation of the breast carcinoma. The expressionof cyclin E was significantly decreased in tumorsexpressing cyclin D1 (p=0.022). There was a trend forcyclin D1 expression to increase in tumors expressingp27Kip1 (p=0.053), but the expression of cyclin E didnot correlate with p27Kip1 expression. The Ki67 labelingindex was markedly increased in tumors expressing cyclinE, whereas it was significantly decreased in the cyclin D1or p27Kip1 expressing-tumors. From survival analysis,cyclin E expression was the only significant variable forthe prediction of poor survival.Conclusion: The abnormal expressions of cell cycleregulatory molecules are prevalent, and interrelated witheach other in breast cancer. Integration of TMA technologyallowed a high-throughput analysis for correlating molecularthe in situ findings, with the clinico-pathologicinformation. Among the three molecules studied, thecyclin E had a prognostic implication for stage I and IIbreast cancer. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:388-393)

비닐系廢플라스틱의 利用에 關한 硏究

韓元熙,周赫鍾,孟琦錫 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1975 연구보고 Vol.3 No.1

Wasted plastics were collected and selected through the specific gravity method, the combustion method and coloring reaction method, and these methods showed to us various physical properties of wasted plastics. Degradation of wasted plastics was carried out by the thermodegradation method and the catalytic degradation in the presence of catalystes; Al₂O₃, Bentonite and Kaoline. Generally, these materials showed the affects of lowering decomposition temperature of wasted plastics and those of increasing the yield of recovery oil. Bentonite brought the best result of these catalystes. It was possible to polymerize the recovery oil extracted from the decomposed oil of P.S. collected below 180℃ and from that of PMMA collected below 270℃. Out of the polymers of good qualities, products compared with the other wasted plastics could be obtained. The recovery oils extracted from P.P, P.E., P.S. and P.M.M.A. had high calories and low flash points enough to be utilized as liquid fuel. Prepolymers of P.S. and P.M.M.A. are able to be used as coating material for metal.

전해질 손상 및 Kanic Acid 을 사용한 편도체 중심핵 손상이 공포로 상승된 경악반응에 미치는 효과

한정수,김시현,김기석 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구에서는 공포로 상승된 경악반응을 이용해, 공포나 불안을 담당하는 신경구조물인 편도체핵군 중에 하나인 편도체 중심핵의 역할을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험1에서는 조건화 전에 손상용 전극을 심은 후에 이틀에 걸쳐서 조건자극으로 빛(8w, 3700msec)과 무조건자극으로 발바닥 전기충격(1.0㎃, 500msec)을 20번 짝지워 제시한 후에, 편도체 중심핵을 전해질 손상(2.0㎃, 10sec)시켰다. 편도체 중심핵이 손상된 동물은 단순한 경악반응에 의한 반응크기와 조건자극과 경악자극 복합에 의한 반응크기간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전해질 손상은 세포체뿐만아니라 축색을 모두 손상하므로, 실험1의 결과는 편도체 중심핵의 세포체손상에 의해서가 아니라, 이 부위를 지나가는 축색의 손상에 의해서 야기된 결과일 수 있다. 그러므로 실험2에서는, 세포체만 손상시키는 카이닌 산(0.1㎍/0.2㎕)으로 조건화 후에 편도체 중심핵을 손상시켰다. 손상을 받은 동물은 조건자극에 대해 상승된 경악반응을 보이지 않았다. 이 결과로 보아, 편도체 중심핵내에 뉴론이 상승된 경악반응에 관여함을 알 수 있다. Of several amygdaloid nucleus, the central amygdaloid nucleus seems to be related to the expression of fear. This experiment is to examine effects of the central nucleus of amygdala on the fear-potentiated startle responses. In experiment 1, monopolar tungsten for lesioning were chronically implanted into the central amygdaloid nucleus in rats. After 7 days, rats received two conditioning sessions on consecutive day, each session consists of 10 light-footshock pairing(light of 8w incandescent bulbs, 3700msec: footshock of 1.0㎃, 500msec: ITI of 4min). After the conditioning, electrolytic lesion(2.0㎃, 10sec) was administered to the central nucleus. One day or seven days later, rats were tested for conditioned fear by comparing the magnitude of the startle reflex to a noise burst presented either alone or in the presence of the previously fear-conditioned light. Results were that the lesioned animals showed no fear-potentiated startle responses. In experiment 2, using kainic acid(0.1㎍/0.2㎕), we lesioned cell bodies without damaging any axons after the conditioning. Results showed that animals lesioned with the kainic acid did not showed potentiated startle responses to the conditioned stimuli. Taken together, it may be said that the intrinsic elements of central amygdaloid nucleus are involved in the expression of fear.

상승된 경악반응으로 측정한 조건화된 공포에 대한 다이아제팜, 로라제팜, 요힘빈의 영향

한정수,김재일,김기석 한국심리학회 1997 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 조직화된 공포를 측정하는 상승된 경악반응 모델을 이용해 벤조나이아제핀 수용기에 작용하는 약물인 다이아제팜, 로라제팜과 알파2-아드레날린 수용기에 작용하여 중추신경계에서 노에피네플린을 증가시키는 요힘빈이 공포의 발현에 어떠한 역할을 하는지, 그리고 다이아제팜, 로라제팜을 투여전, 요힘빈 투여가 상승된 경악반응에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 한다. 조건자극(빛)과 무조건자극(전기충격: 1.0㎃)을 이틀간 20번 짝지워 제시한 후, 그 다음날 경악반응 측정전에 여섯집단에 식염수(0.1cc/㎏), 다이아제팜(1.25㎎/㎏), 로라제팜(1.25㎎/㎏), 요힘빈(0.25㎎/㎏), 다이아제팜과 요힘빈, 로라제팜과 요힘빈을 투여했다. 식염수를 투여받은 동물들은 빛과 경악자극(강한 소리자극) 제시시 경악자극만을 제시한 경우보다 높은 경악반응을 보였지만, 상승된 경악반응은 요힘빈을 투여한 동물보다 낮았다. 다이아제팜, 로라제팜과 이 약물들을 요힘빈과 함께 투여한 집단들은 상승된 경악반응을 보이지 않았다. 이 결과로 보아, 요힘빈은 중추신경계에 작용하는 노에피네플린을 증가시켜 공포의 발현을 촉진시키는 반면 다이아제팜과 로라제팜은 공포의 발현을 억제하고 이들 약물의 사전처치는 요힘빈의 촉진효과을 적지함을 알 수 있다. This study was conducted to examine whether diazepam and lorazepam acting on benzodiazepine receptors have any effect on the expression of fear in potentiated startle, whether or not yohimbine which acts in α2-adrenergic receptors and increases norepinphine in central nervous system have any role, and how pretreatment of diazepam or lorazepam influences the yohimbine's effect. Ten conitioning trials, in which light was paired with shock(1.0㎃), were presented on each of two successive training days, and on the following day each of six groups were injected respectively saline(0.1cc/㎏), diazepam(1.25㎎/㎏), lorazepam(1.25㎎/㎏), yohimbine(0.25㎎/㎏), yohimbine after diazepam, and yohimbine after lorazepam before measuring the startle responses. Results showed that the saline-injected animals exhibit higher startle response than only in the presence of startle stimulus(intense auditory stimulus) when they were presented light and startle stimulus, but the response magnitude was less than that of yohimbine-injected animals. For diazepam group, lorazepam group, and yohimbine-added group, the animals did not show potentiated startle response. Taken together, yohimbine increases norepinephine in central nervous system and elicits fear easily while diazepam and lorazepam inhibit fear.

악관절 내장증의 임상 및 방사선학적 연구

한원정,김은경,김기석 대한두개하악장애학회 1992 대한두개하악장애학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint can be defined as an abnormal relationships of the meniscus relative to the mandibular condyle, articular fossa and eminence. This may cause variable mandibular dysfunctions and pain. For diagnosis, arthrography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used. In this study, the authors reviewed 98 TMJs of 88 patients who were diagnosed as internal derangement through inferior joint space arthrography at the department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Hospital, Dankook University through 1986 to 1992. 98 TMJs consisting of 30 disc displacement with reduction, 48 disc displacement without reduction and 20 perforation were studied about clinical and radiological findings. The results were as follows : 1. Internal derangement was found most frequently in the 2nd and 3rd decades and the average age of perforation was higher than that of disc displacement with reduction. The sexual predilection was 2 times higher in females. 2. The most frequent chief complaints were TMJ sound in displacement with reduction, pain and limitation of mouth opening in disc displacement without reduction and pain in perforation. The duration of the chief complaints was longer in disc displacement with reduction than in preforation and disc displcement without reduction. 3. Reciprocal click was the most frequently TMJ sound in disc displacement with reduction. History of joint sound in disc displacement without reduction and crepitus in perforation was the most frequent one. 4. The average maximum opening was 45.4mm in disc displacement with reduction, 31.4㎜ in disc displacement without reduction and 33.8mm in perforation. 5. In the centric occlusion, posterior condylar position was the most frequent in disc displacement with reduction, posterior and concentric condylar position was frequent in disc displcement without reduction, concentric and anterior condylar position in perforation. At 1 inch opening, the same position to articular eminence was most frequently found in disc displacement with reduction, posterior position in disc displacement without reduction, posterior and anterior position in perforation was frequently found. 6. Bony changes, especially sclerosis and flattening, was most frequently found in perforation.

공포로 상승된 경악반응에서의 편도체 노어에피네플린의 역할

한정수,신선희,김기석 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.4 No.1

편도체가 공포나 불안을 담당하는 신경구조물임을 밝힌 많은 연구가 있다. 본 연구에서는 상승된 경악반응을 이용해, 편도체의 어떤 전달물질이 공포의 표현에 관여하는 지를 밝히기 위해 노어에피네플린만 선택적으로 감소시키는 DSP-4(30㎍/2.5㎕)를 조건화 후에 편도체에 주입하였다. 그리고 요힘빈에 의한 불안이나 공포의 증가가 편도체의 노어에피네플린 감소 후에도 나타나는지를 밝히기 위해, 경악반응을 측정하기 전에 체순환적으로 요힘빈(1.25㎎/㎏)을 주입하였다. 조건화 후에 DSP-4만을 주입받은 동물과 조건화 후에 DSP-4을 주입받고 나서 일주일 후에, 경악반응을 측정하기 전에 요힘빈을 체순환적으로 주입받은 동물은 상승된 경악반응을 보이지 않았다. 이 결과로 편도체의 노어에피네플린이 상승된 경악반응이 나타나기 위해서 필요하고, 요힘빈에 의한 상승된 경악반응의 촉진효과는 편도체에 노어에피네플린을 증가시킴으로써 나타났다고 할 수 있다. In many studies, amygdala is considered to be the neural structure that is involved in fear or anxiety, in human and mammals. This paper, using fear-potentiated startle responses as a measure of fear, was to see whether noradrenergic receptors in the amygdala are involved in the expression of fear Rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae aimed at the amygdala. After the conditioning, DSP-4(30㎍/㎕) was injected to the amygdala, DSP-4 selectively produces the degeneration of the noradrenergic receptors only. In addition, we tried to find out whether or not yohimbine, which is known to increase fear and/or anxiety, can produce the potentiated startle responses even after the degeneration of noradrenergicr receptors in the amygdala. For this, before test, yohimbine(1.25㎎/㎏) was injected systemically. Results showed that animals injected with DSP-4 did not show the potentiated startle responses, and neither did the aniamls with DSP-4 plus yohimbine before test. It may thus be concluded that the no epinephine in the amygdala is necessary for the expression of fear.

하드 포인트 변경에 따른 조종안정성 평가

배태한,장석동,송철기 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 2004 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Vehicle stability is an important subject in vehicle design and control, because vehicle stability is closely dependent upon its dynamic performance. The modeling and its analysis are performed by using ADAMS in the present paper. The camber angle and the toe angle are analyzed due to the hard point movement in the static simulation. The side slip angle and the yaw rate are analyzed due to the hard point movement in the driving simulation such as the steady state cornering and the double lane change.

경화된 열경화성 수지와 고분자재의 혼합성형에 관한 특성

김석호,윤한기,여홍태 東義大學校産業技術開發硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

For the purpose of recycling the rigid thermosets, this study investigated the film of thermoplastic mixed with some weight fraction of rigid phenol in the hot compression molding at temperature of 200℃. The results abtained are as follows; the tensile stress according to the weight fraction of phenol particle is linearly proportional to the strain upto 2% of strain, the more the grain fraction of phenol is, the smaller the stress and strain is at frature, in case of the same weight fraction of phenol, the stress and strain of large grain is larger than those of small grain.

DC Servo Motor를 이용한 초정밀 위치결정기구의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 제어성능 평가

박기형,김재열,윤성운,이규태,곽이구,송인석,한재호 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.6

Recently, High accuracy and precision arc required in various industrial field especially, semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, Ulna precision positioning apparatus, Information field and so on. Positioning technology is a very important one among them. As such technology has been rapidly developed, this field needs the positioning accuracy as high as submicron. It is expected that the accuracy of 10nm and 1nm is required in precision work and ultra precision work field, respectively by the beginning of 2000s. High speed and low vibration arc also needed. This work deals with the design method and control system of Ultra precision positioning apparatus. Control perfor-mance and stability analysis were performed in advance by modeling and designing the controller with Simulink.

단독 전이성 척추 종양의 일괄 전척추 절제술

김기택,한정수,석경수,이영호,이상훈 대한척추외과학회 2003 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.10 No.3