심혈관계 질환으로 관상질환 집중치료실에 입원한 환자들의 혜후 측정을 위한 APACHEⅢ점수 체계의 임상적 유용성

이공섭,이창선,최현주,홍종서,강지향,김도형,이민영,오인균,김병엽,김상억,김학찬,한승혜,이재용,지영우,안경주 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

바이오안전성에 대한 세계적인 동향 : 유전자변형 생물체(LMO)를 중심으로

이이,정찬문,이학수,신주식 충북대학교 연초연구소 2006 煙草硏究 Vol.20 No.-

현대 분자생물학의 발달에 따른 유전자변형 생물체의 개발은 시간과 경제적으로 전통적인 육종의 한계를 많이 극복하고 있으며 세계적으로 유전자변형생물체의 개발이 빠른 속도로 진행되고 있다. 유전자의 변형에 따른 환경의 파괴, 인체에 대한 위해 가능성 때문에 바이오안전성의정서가 채택되는 등 세계적으로 바이오안전성에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 바이오안전성은 유전자특성분석, 환경위해성평가, 인체위해성평가 등 3단계의 평가에 의해서 이루어지며 최종적으로 인체와 환경에 해를 끼칠 가능성이 있는 유전자변형생물체를 규제하기 위해서 이루어진다. 우리나라도 최근에 바이오안전성에 대한 관심이 증대되면서 바이오안전성 평가체계가 확립중이다. The development of molecular biology enabled us to overcome the restrictions of conventional breeding system and the number of genetically modified organisms are dramatically increasing. The possibility of the genetically modified organism's risk on human health and environment caused concerns on the biosafety. Biosafety test contains gene characteristics analysis, health safety test, and environmental risk test. The final aim of these tests is to prevent the commercialization of genetically modified organism which have possible risk on human health and environment. Biosafety evaluation system is being built in Korea.

단백질 상호작용 추출을 위한 텍스트 마이닝 기법

이현철,여은주,조완섭,김학용,유재수 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2004 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.12 No.1

단백질 간의 상호작용에 대한 연구는 생물학적 프로세스를 이해하기 위해 중요한 부분이다. 이 논문의 목적은 생물학적 내용을 담고 있는 연구논문으로부터 단백질간의 상호작용을 추출하는 확장성을 가진 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 제안하는데 있다. 단백질 간의 상호작용에 대한 정보는 주로 생명과학 관련 연구논문에 존재하지만 컴퓨터로 자동으로 처리하여 상호작용에 관한 정보를 추출할 수 있기 위해서는 텍스트 마이닝 기술이 적용되어야 한다. 바이오 텍스트 마이닝에서 대두되고 있는 중요한 쟁점은 대용량의 연구논문에서 필요한 정보를 어떻게 효율적으로 정확하게 추출할 것인가에 대한 내용이다. 또한, 관심이 있는 단백질의 종류나 상호작용에 대한 관련성을 나타내는 문장내 패턴의 다양성을 수용하기 위하여 시스템의 확장성을 높이는 것도 소프트웨어 공학적인 측면에서 중요한 이슈이다. The research for protein-protein interactions remains an important part to understand the biological process. This paper suggests a text mining technique with extensibility, which extracts the protein-protein interaction from the biological research papers. There is much information related to the protein-protein interactions in plentiful biological research papers, we need the text-mining technique to extract the protein-protein interaction information automatically and rapidly. The main issue in bio-textming lays how to extract the necessary information efficiently and correctly. In addition, it is a significant issue to accommodate the concerned kinds of proteins and the diversity patterns in sentences with the relevance about protein-protein interactions in order to increase system extendibility in aspect of software engineering.

호흡기 감염에서 Sparfloxacin 의 임상적 유용성에 대한 Enoxacin과의 비교 검토

김주옥,김선영,김관형,서지원,박석영,이종진,박성학 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.4

목적:폐렴, 기관지염, 만성기관지염에서 fluoroquinolone제제로서 항균력이 강하고, 혈중 반감기가 길고, 객담과 조직내 농도가 높은 sparfloxacin의 안전성과 효과를 enoxacin과 비교하기 위해 본 연구를 시행 하였다. 방법:1994년 10월부터 1995년 4월까지 충남대 부속병원과 대전 성모병원에 내원한 폐렴, 급성기관지염, 만성기관지염이 급성으로 악화된 환자 63명을 대조군(32명)(enoxacin 100 mg 1일 3회 경구투여), 실험군(31명)(sparfloxacin 200mg 1일 1회 경구투여)으로 나누어 임상증상, 세균학적 객담 검사, 혈액검사, 실험실내 항균력검사로 그 치료율 및 안전성을 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 임상종합 평가, 세균학적 균소실, 안전성, 유용성에서 두군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 2) 시험관내 항균력검사상 MIC가 실험군이 대조군보다 현저하게 낮았다.(p<0.05). 3) 경미한 두통, 식욕감퇴, 상복부 불쾌감, 설사등이 대조군 9예, 실험군 7예에서 발생하였고, 검사실 소견상 SGOT 혹은 SGPT 의 일시적 경미한 상승이 대조군 2명, 실험군 3명에서, 혈중 creatinine 상승이 실험군 2명에서 있었으나 경미하였다. 결론:이상의 결과로 sparfloxacin은 폐렴, 급성기관지염, 만성기관지염의 악화에서 하루 한번 투여로 enoxacin 하루 3번 투여와 유사하게 효과적이고 안전하며, 시험관내 항균력이 enoxacin보다 월등히 우수하여 임상에서도 유용하게 사용될수 있을것으로 생각된다. Background: Sparfloxacin, a new oral quinolone, has a broad spectrum, potent antimicrobial activity, prolonged half life, high concentration in sputum. The clinical efficacy and safety of sparfloxacin have been reported by some previous clinical studies performed in Japan. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of this drug in respiratory tract infections compared to those of enoxacin. Methods:We performed an open controlled, randomized study in 63 patients with acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis at Chung Nam University hospital and Dae Jeon St. Mary's hospital from October, 1994 to April, 1995. In the control group(n=32), 100 mg enoxacin was administered orally 3 times a day and in the test group(n=31), 200 mg sparfloxacin once a day. Results: The results were as follows; 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical efficacy, bacteriological finding, and usefulness. 2) Means and SD of MICs were 0.44±0.89 ㎍/ml in the control group, 0.13±0.24 ㎍/ml in the test group. There was a significant difference in MICs between the two groups(p<0.05). 3) Headache, epigastric discomfort, and loss of appetite were observed in 7 cases of the control group and in 9 cases of the test group, and transient elevations of hepatic enzyme in 2 cases of the control group, and in 3 cases of the test group. There was mild elevation of serum creatinine in 2 cases of the test group. Those laboratory abnormalities by therapy might be associated with their underlying diseases. There were no significant adverse effects caused by the drugs Conclusion:In conclusion, sparfloxacin of 200 mg once a day was as effective and well tolerated as enoxacin of 100 mg three times per day in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Sparfloxacin is more potent antibiotics because MICs of sparfloxacin were very lower than those of enoxacin.

대학주도의 사회교육 모형을 위한 실천적 연구 -새마을 대학의 개설과 운영을 중심으로-

최학주/ 김성회 / 박용진 / 한상각 / 이창섭 공주교육대학교 초등연구원 1977 公州敎大論叢 Vol.13 No.2

.

옥수수주정박의 급여가 산란계 생산성에 미치는 효과

천영주,이학림,신명호,이수기,이봉덕,손찬구 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.1

A layer feeding trial was conducted for 10 weeks to investigate the effects of the addition of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to layer diets on the laying performance, egg qualities, and yolk fatty acid composition. Nine hundred Hyline Brown layers, 24 weeks of age, were randomly allotted to 20 replicate laying cages, 45 birds per replicate. There were four diet treatments (0, 10, 15, and 20% DDGS), and five replicates per treatment. All experimental diets were prepared to contain iso-protein (17%) and iso-calorie (TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg). The use of DDGS up to 20% level in layer diets did not exert any influence on feed intake, laying rate, total egg mass, mean egg weight, and feed conversion ratio. DDGS did not exert any influence in weight of egg, breaking strength, and color of eggshell. The albumen height and Haugh unit was not influenced by DDGS addition. The yolk color was significantly increased by DDGS supplementation. As the DDGS level increased, the oleic acid content decreased, and the linoleic acid increased (P<0.05). The degree of saturation of yolk fatty acids was not affected by dietary DDGS. The inclusion of DDGS up to 20% in layer diets resulted in the decrease of feed cost per kg without any effect in the laying performance. In conclusion, the use of DDGS up to 20% level in layer diets could replace corn and soybean meal without any harmful effect on the laying performances.

국내에서 생산 판매되는 담배 각초에 존재하는 보습제 함량 비교

박병주,임흥빈,이학수 충북대학교 연초연구소 2006 煙草硏究 Vol.20 No.-

This study was carried out to compare humectant contents existed in tobacco shred from 69 cigarette brands being on sale in Korea. Humectant in tobacco shred were extracted by AOAC official method and analysed by gas chromatography. Mean value of glycerol, propylene glycol, and triethylene glycol contents from 69 cigarette brands were 13.6 ± 4.5 mg/g, 6.5 ± 2.6 mg/g, and 0.8 ± 0.2 mg/g, respectively. Humectant contents existed in tobacco shred of cigarette brands manufactured by small tobacco companies were relatively lower than that of the other four major tobacco companies in Korea. These results indicates that humectant contents in tobacco shred from cigarette have to determine periodically in order to give a basic information for quality evaluation of cigarette smoke in connection with smoking and healths, because it plays an important role the formation toxic cigarette smoke components. 본 실험은 국내에서 시판되고 있는 69종의 궐련담배 각초를 재료로 하여 실시하였다. 궐련담배 각초에 함유되어 있는 보습제의 함량을 측정하고 궐련담배 주류연의 tar 및 nicotine 함량을 측정하여 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 국내에서 시판되는 귈련담배 각초 보습제 성분의 평균함량은 glycerol 13.6±4.5 mg/g, propylene glycol 6.5±2.6 mg/g, triethylene glycol 0.8±0.2 mg/g이었다. 2. 군소업체 귈련담배 각초에 존재하는 보습제 함량은 대규모업체에 비해 상대적으로 매우 낮은 수준을 유지하고 있었다

제1분과 : 국립공원 ; 오대산국립공원 열목어의 미소서식처 비교

이승록 ( Seung Rok Lee1 ),김명철 ( Myung Cheol Kim ),정주학 ( Ju Hak Jeong ),박종남 ( Jong Nam Park ),김진재 ( Jin Jae Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2013 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2013 No.2

연어목 연어과에 속하는 열목어 Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis는 냉수성 담수어류로 시베리아, 연해주, 흑룡강, 한국 등의 동북아시아 지역에 분포한다. 최근 들어 인위적인 서식지 파괴와 남획으로 개체수가 감소 추세에 있고 2012년 환경부 멸종위기 야생동식물Ⅱ급으로 지정되었다. 열목어의 서식처는 안정적인 집단유지의 중요한 요인으로 작용한다. 본 연구는 오대산국립공원내 열목어의 집단서 식지인 강원도 홍천군 내면 명개리계곡(명개리집단)과 강원도 평창군 진부면 월정사계곡(월정사집단)의 미소서식처를 비교하여 종 보존 및 서식처 복원에 필요한 기초자료를 확보하는데 목적이 있다. 조사는 2013년 5월, 8월, 10월에 시행하였고 서식처 특성을 파악하기 위해 하상구조, 수온, 수심, 유폭, 유속, 서식처길이, 동소종, 열목어 개체수, 저서무척추동물상을 파악하였다. 명개리집단 미소서식처의 하상구조는 암석(40%), 큰돌(10%), 작은돌(10%), 자갈(20%) 모래(20%)로 구성된 Aa type이었다. 하천의 최상류지역으로 여울과 소가 1회 이상반복적으로 확인되었다. 수온은 6.0~20.3℃이었고 수심은 0.9±0.5(0.4~2)m, 유폭은 6~11.3m, 유속은 4.6±3.9 (0.2~15.6)m/sec이었다. 서식처 길이는 41.8±10.8(32~56)m 이었다. 동소종은 미유기, 금강모치 2종이었다. 열목어는 조사시기마다 20개체 이상씩 확인되었고 수심이 깊고 유속이 빠른 폭포와 여울지점에 집중적으로 분포하였다. 저서무척추동물은 수서곤충이 92%로 대부분이었고, 하루살이목 13종(30%), 날도래목이 10종(23%)을 차지하였다. 월정사집단 미소서식처의 하상구조는 암석(50%), 큰돌(10%), 작은돌(20%), 자갈(10%) 모래(10%)로 구성된 Aa type으로 전형적인 하천의 최상류지역이었다. 수온은 5.1~21.3℃이었고 수심은 1.1±1.0(0.2~3)m, 유폭은 약5~20m, 유속은 6.9±5.2(0.7~14.6)m/sec이었다. 서식처 길이는 46.3±6.2(40~55)m이었다. 동소종은 미유기, 퉁가리, 산천어, 무지개송어, 꺽지, 둑중개, 쉬리, 새미, 가는돌고기, 돌고기, 금강모치, 대륙종개, 새코미꾸리의 13종이었다. 열목어는 5월에 3개체, 8월에 16개체, 10월에 8개체가 확인되 었고 수심이 깊고 유속이 빠른 지점에서 집중적으로 분포하였다. 저서무척추동물은 수서곤충이 94%로 대부분이었고 하루살이목 17종(30%), 강도래목과 파리목이 12종(21%)을 차지하였다. 두 지역을 비교해 보면 수온, 수심, 유폭, 유속, 서식처길이, 하상구조는 유사하였다. 열목어 개체군의 크기는 명개리집단이 높았고 열목어가 집중적으로 서식하는 지점의 하상구조는 명개리집단의 경우 자갈과 모래의 비율이 높은 반면에 월정사집단은 암반과 큰돌의 비율이 높았다. 또한 열목어의 난·자치어를 포식할 것으로 추정되는 동소 경쟁종도 월정사집단에서 많았다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 열목어개체군 크기는 서식처의 하상구조와 동소 경쟁어종의 영향을 받는 것으로 추정된다.

잎담배 生産과 栽培環境과의 關係에 關한 解析的硏究 : 第13報. 環境要因 및 栽培方法이 잎의 形質에 미치는 影響(1) Part XIII. Effects of Some Environmental and Agronomic Factors on the Leaf Characteristics of Tobacco Plants

盧載榮,卞珠燮,李鶴洙 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1979 煙草硏究 Vol.6 No.-

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture, light condition, shading time, fertilization levels, topping time and depth and their interactions on the tobacco growth and characteristics of leaf. The results are abstracted as follows. Stem height, length and width of the largest leaf, ratio of leaf width to length, average leaf area, LAI, weight of a leaf and leaf weight of a plant decreased with insufficient soil moisture at early and middle stage of maximum growth, but thickness of leaf increased. Weight of a leaf and leaf weight of a plant decreased by shading. Stem height, length and area of the middle leaf, fresh weight and percentage of dry matter of unit leaf area and weight of a leaf were larger in the plot of shading for 20 days before topping than in that after topping, while the leaf thickness and midrib proportion of the middle leaf were just the opposite. In the case of low topping, stem height and number of harvested leaves decreased, while the percentage of dryed-up leaves, middle, upper and average leaf length, and weight of a leaf increased. But leaf weight per a plant showed little difference according to the topping depth. Length, width and area of the middle leaf, fresh weight per unit leaf area of the lower leaf, weight of a leaf and leaf, weight per a plant increased, and midrib proportion of the middle leaf decreased by early topping (50 days after transplanting). Length, width and area of a leaf increased by increased fertilization level. Consequently, weight of a leaf and leaf weight per a plant increased. Among the environmental factors treated in this experiment, the effect of soil moisture condition was more remarkable than those of light condition and shading time. And among agrononic factors, the effect of the fertilization level on the charateristics of leaf was most remarkable, that of topping depth the next, and that of topping time the least. Muddle leaves was influenced sensitively by the environmental. agronomic factors and their interaction.

상표자산과 구매의도와의 관계에 관한 국제비교연구 : 아시아와 유럽의 의류시장을 중심으로

김경훈,고은주,Graham Hooley,Nick Lee,이동해,정홍섭,전병주,문학일 가야대학교 2009 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 상표자산의 구성요소에 대한 선행요인을 분석하고 이를 토대로 하여 상표자산 구성요소와 상표자산 영향요인간의 관계 그리고 상표자산 구성요소와 구매의도간의 관계를 규명하고 한국과 영국을 중심으로 비교하여 상표자산관리 방안을 도출해보고자 하였다 연구결과, 정보탐색은 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 상표태도와 상표지식은 상표 충성도와 상표 가치에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 그리고 상표충성도와 상표가치는 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정보원천의 경우, 한국에서는 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있는 반면, 영국에서는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. Brand equity is one of the most important concepts in business practice as well as in academic research. Successful brands can allow marketers to gain competitive advantage (Lassar et al.,1995), including the opportunity for successful extensions, resilience against competitors' promotional pressures, and the ability to create barriers to competitive entry (Farquhar, 1989). Branding plays a special role in service firms because strong brands increase trust in intangible products (Berry, 2000), enabling customers to better visualize and understand them. They reduce customers' perceived monetary, social, and safety risks in buying services, which are obstacles to evaluating a service correctly before purchase. Also, a high level of brand equity increases consumer satisfaction, repurchasing intent, and degree of loyalty. Brand equity can be considered as a mixture that includes both financial assets and relationships. Actually, brand equity can be viewed as the value added to the product (Keller, 1993), or the perceived value of the product in consumers' minds. Mahajan et al. (1990) claim that customer-based brand equity can be measured by the level of consumers’ perceptions. Several researchers discuss brand equity based on two dimensions: consumer perception and consumer behavior. Aaker (1991) suggests measuring brand equity through price premium, loyalty, perceived quality, and brand associations. Viewing brand equity as the consumer’s behavior toward a brand, Keller (1993) proposes similar dimensions: brand awareness and brand knowledge. Thus, past studies tend to identify brand equity as a multidimensional construct consisted of brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand knowledge, customer satisfaction, perceived equity, brand associations, and other proprietary assets (Aaker, 1991, 1996; Blackston, 1995; Cobb-Walgren et al., 1995; Na, 1995). Other studies tend to regard brand equity and other brand assets, such as brand knowledge, brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and so on, as independent but related constructs (Keller, 1993; Kirmani and Zeithaml, 1993). Walters(1978) defined information search as, "A psychological or physical action a consumer takes in order to acquire information about a product or store." But, each consumer has different methods for informationsearch. There are two methods of information search, internal and external search. Internal search is, "Search of information already saved in the memory of the individual consumer"(Engel, Blackwell, 1982) which is, "memory of a previous purchase experience or information from a previous search."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). External search is "A completely voluntary decision made in order to obtain new information"(Engel & Blackwell, 1982) which is, "Actions of a consumer to acquire necessary information by such methods as intentionally exposing oneself to advertisements, taking to friends or family or visiting a store."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). There are many sources for consumers’ information search including advertisement sources such as the internet, radio, television, newspapers and magazines, information supplied by businesses such as sales people, packaging and in-store information, consumer sources such as family, friends and colleagues, and mass media sources such as consumer protection agencies, government agencies and mass media sources. Understanding consumers’ purchasing behavior is a key factor of a firm to attract and retain customers and improving the firm’s prospects for survival and growth, and enhancing shareholder’s value. Therefore, marketers should understand consumer as individual and market segment. One theory of consumer behavior supports the belief that individuals are rational. Individuals think and move through stages when making a purchase decision. This means that rational thinkers have led to the identification of a consumer buying decision process. This decision process with its different levels of involvement and influencing factors has been widely accepted and is fundamental to the understanding purchase intention represent to what consumers think they will buy. Brand equity is not only companies but also very important asset more than product itself. This paper studies brand equity model and influencing factors including information process such as information searching and information resources in the fashion market in Asia and Europe. Information searching and information resources are influencing brand knowledge that influences consumers purchase decision. Nine research hypotheses are drawn to test the relationships among antecedents of brand equity and purchase intention and relationships among brand knowledge, brand value, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. H1. Information searching influences brand knowledge positively. H2. Information sources influence brand knowledge positively. H3. Brand knowledge influences brand attitude. H4. Brand knowledge influences brand value. H5. Brand attitude influences brand loyalty. H6. Brand attitude influences brand value. H7. Brand loyalty influences purchase intention. H8. Brand value influence purchase intention. H9. There will be the same research model in Asia and Europe. We performed structural equation model analysis in order to test hypotheses suggested in this study. The model fitting index of the research model in Asia was X2=195.19(p=0.0), NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.87, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.083, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. In Europe, it was X2=133.25(p=0.0), NFI=0.81, NNFI=0.85, CFI=0.89, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.073, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. From the test results, hypotheses were accepted. All of these hypotheses except one are supported. In Europe, information search is not an antecedent of brand knowledge. This means that sales of global fashion brands like jeans in Europe are not expan