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        Estimation of Moisture Damage and Permanent Deformation in Asphalt Mixture from Aggregate Gradation

        Haider Habeeb,Satish Chandra,Yassir Nashaat 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.6

        The present study explains the effect of aggregate gradation on moisture damage in bituminous mixes. Three types of aggregategradation, two types of binder; VG-30 and Polymer modified bitumen (PMB-40) and two types of mixes Bituminous Concrete (BC)and Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) are used. Moisture susceptibility tests like retained stability and tensile strength ratio areconducted on Marshall specimens. The static creep test was also conducted for conditioned and unconditioned specimens to observethe effect of moisture on creep behaviour. The results indicate that Marshall stability and flow values are higher in PMB-40 mixesthan in VG-30 mixes. Moisture susceptibility of PMB-40 mixes is low when compared with mix using VG-30. The reduction inretained stability, and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) and increase in creep are evaluated for finer, coarser and normal gradation ofaggregates to observe the effect of gradation on moisture susceptibility of mixes. The retained stability is least affected whencompared with other moisture susceptibility parameters. Also, gradation parameters σ1 and Gradation Ratio (GR) are introduced inthis paper to establish relation between aggregate gradation and moisture susceptibility and permanent deformation. Models aresuggested to estimate rut depth from ITS and stability values.

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        Use, Awareness, Knowledge and Beliefs of Medication During Pregnancy in Malaysia

        Alani Ahmad Habeeb Hattab Dala Ali,Hassan Bassam Abdul Rasool,Suhaimi Azyyati Mohd,Mohammed Ali Haider 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.6

        Objectives This study aimed to assess medication use in pregnant women in Malaysia by measuring use, knowledge, awareness, and beliefs about medications. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study involving a total of 447 pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Malaysia. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect participant data. Results Most of pregnant women had taken medication during pregnancy and more than half of them (52.8%) showed a poor level of knowledge about the medication use during pregnancy. Eighty-three percent had a poor level of awareness and 56.5% had negative beliefs. Age and education level were significantly associated with the level of knowledge regarding medication use during pregnancy. Multiparous pregnant women, and pregnant women from rural areas were observed to have a higher level of awareness compared with those who lived in urban areas. Use of medication during pregnancy was determined to be significantly associated with education level, and race. Conclusion Although there was prevalent use of medication among pregnant women, many had negative beliefs, and insufficient knowledge and awareness about the risks of taking medication during pregnancy. Several sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with the use (race and education level), level of knowledge (age and education level), awareness (parity and place of residence), and beliefs (race, education level, and occupation status) towards medication use during pregnancy.

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