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몽골인 학습자의 한국어 단모음에 관한 실험음성학적 연구
안성민 ( An Sung-min ),하영우 ( Ha Young-woo ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2023 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.49 No.-
Based on an experimental phonetic methodology, this study examines Mongolian learners’ spatial structural aspects and characteristics in pronouncing Korean monophthongs. To this end, a monophthong experiment was conducted on Mongolian learners, and the spatial structural characteristics between individual vowels were compared and analyzed with proficiency levels as the main variable. As a result of the study, all learners distinguished the pronunciation of /ㅣ/ and /E/ and intermediate and advanced learners tended to even better distinguish between the two vowels by adjusting /ㅣ/ and /E/ articulation spaces, respectively. The spatial structure of the back vowel /ㅡ/ showed the most noticeable variation depending on proficiency levels. Beginner learners showed a wide distribution in which the space of /ㅡ/ overlaps some of the front and back vowel spaces, and F1 was relatively lower compared to that of Korean speakers. As learning progressed, F1 was adjusted more closely to that of Korean speakers becoming more frequent, but F2 differed from that of Korean speakers, even for advanced learners. In the back rounded vowels /ㅗ/ and /ㅜ/, all learner groups showed significant differences in F1, but beginner learners pronounced the F2 of /ㅜ/ lower than that of /ㅗ/ unlike general Korean pronunciation. However, as the proficiency level increase, the F2 of /ㅜ/ increased to that of general Korean pronunciation.
Effect of microwave irradiation on lipase-catalyzed reactions in ionic liquids
An, Gwangmin,Kim, Young Min,Koo, Yoon-Mo,Ha, Sung Ho The Korean Society of Analytical Science 2017 분석과학 Vol.30 No.3
Microwave-assisted organic synthesis has gained a remarkable interest over the past years because of its advantages - (i) rapid energy transfer and superheating, (ii) higher yield and rapid reaction, (iii) cleaner reactions. Ionic liquids are well known for their unique properties such as negligible vapor pressure and high thermal stability. With these properties, ionic liquids have gained increasing attention as green, multi-use reaction media. Recently, ionic liquids have been applied as reaction media for biocatalysis. Lipase-catalyzed reactions in ionic liquids provide high activity and yield compared to conventional organic solvents or solvent free system. Since polar molecules are generally good absorbent to microwave radiation, ionic liquids were investigated as reaction media to improve activity and productivity. In this study, therefore, the effect of microwave irradiation in ionic liquids was investigated on lipase catalyzed reactions such as benzyl acetate synthesis and caffeic acid phenethyl ester synthesis. Comparing to conventional heating, microwave heating showed almost the same final conversion but increased initial reaction rate (3.03 mM/min) compared to 2.11 mM/min in conventional heating at $50^{\circ}C$.
FTA 이행이 국내 치즈 시장에 미치는 영향 분석 : 수출국 간 경합관계를 중심으로
하수안(Ha, Su-An),전상곤(Jeon, Sang-Gon) 한국농식품정책학회 2018 농업경영정책연구 Vol.45 No.1
Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are one of the important challenges in the Korean Cheese industry. The imported cheese products become more price competitive and domestic cheese products become less competitive as a result. The objective of this study is to identify economic impacts of FTAs on the domestic cheese market in Korea using an EDM model which uses elasticities estimated by LA/AIDS model. This study finds that the damage to domestic cheese makers is almost 8.5 billion won per year. The results show that the imported cheese from Australia and EU has income competitiveness and that from the USA has price competitiveness.