Bloodstream Infections and Clinical Significance of Healthcare-associated Bacteremia: A Multicenter Surveillance Study in Korean Hospitals

Son, Jun Seong,Song, Jae-Hoon,Ko, Kwan Soo,Yeom, Joon Sup,Ki, Hyun Kyun,Kim, Shin-Woo,Chang, Hyun-Ha,Ryu, Seong Yeol,Kim, Yeon-Sook,Jung, Sook-In,Shin, Sang Yop,Oh, Hee Bok,Lee, Yeong Seon,Chung, Doo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.7

<P>Recent changes in healthcare systems have changed the epidemiologic paradigms in many infectious fields including bloodstream infection (BSI). We compared clinical characteristics of community-acquired (CA), hospital-acquired (HA), and healthcare-associated (HCA) BSI. We performed a prospective nationwide multicenter surveillance study from 9 university hospitals in Korea. Total 1,605 blood isolates were collected from 2006 to 2007, and 1,144 isolates were considered true pathogens. HA-BSI accounted for 48.8%, CA-BSI for 33.2%, and HCA-BSI for 18.0%. HA-BSI and HCA-BSI were more likely to have severe comorbidities. <I>Escherichia coli</I> was the most common isolate in CA-BSI (47.1%) and HCA-BSI (27.2%). In contrast, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (15.2%), coagulase-negative <I>Staphylococcus</I> (15.1%) were the common isolates in HA-BSI. The rate of appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy was the highest in CA-BSI (89.0%) followed by HCA-BSI (76.4%), and HA-BSI (75.0%). The 30-day mortality rate was the highest in HA-BSI (23.0%) followed by HCA-BSI (18.4%), and CA-BSI (10.2%). High Pitt score and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were the independent risk factors for mortality by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the present data suggest that clinical features, outcome, and microbiologic features of causative pathogens vary by origin of BSI. Especially, HCA-BSI shows unique clinical characteristics, which should be considered a distinct category for more appropriate antibiotic treatment.</P>

보디빌딩 선수들의 시합 전·후 신체조성과 체력 및 혈관탄성도 변화와 영양섭취 실태연구

곽재준,박재성,하수민,백영호 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2013 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

The purpose of this study were to investigate a study of body composition, physical fitness, change of vascular compliance and nutrient intake status a before and after bodybuilders match. In this study, participants were 6 bodybuilders. The analyzed data brought about the following results by using paired t-test with SPSS 20.0. The results of the research were as follows. In to body weight and BMI were significantly increased but sit and reach were significantly decreased after match. There was non significantly difference in vascular compliance. Calories, lipids, carbohydrates, fiber and ash had significantly increased after match than before match. Calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, retinol, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E had significantly increased after match than before match. Therefore, Bodybuilders need correct regular diet habit and exercise prescription after match. 본 연구는 B광역시 남자 보디빌딩 선수 6명을 대상으로 신체조성, 체력, 혈관탄성도 및 영양소 섭취상태를 시합 전·후를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 자료처리는 SPSS 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 paired t-test를 실시하였고, 연구결과에서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 시합전에 비해 시합후에 체중과 BMI는 유의하게 증가하였고, 유연성은 유의하게 감소하였고, 혈관탄성도는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 그리고 열량, 지질, 당질, 식이섬유 및 회분은 시합 전 보다 시합 후 유의하게 증가하였다. 또한, 칼슘, 철분, 나트륨, 칼륨, 비타민 A, 레티놀, 비타민 B1, 비타민 B6, 나이아신, 비타민 C, 비타민 E는 시합 전 보다 시합 후 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상을 종합하여 볼 때, 시합 전보다 시합 후에 영양소의 섭취증가로 인해 체중이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있으며, 이상의 연구 결과에서 시합전, 후의 식습관, 맞춤형 운동처방 및 체계적인 컨디셔닝 관리가 요구된다.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

GPS 측량에 있어서 반송파 위상관측의 차분방법

곽재하,강성수,강인준 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 1996 都市硏究報 Vol.4 No.-

Global positioning system and its vectors are referenced in the WGS 84 datum. Because Tokyo datum is used in Korea, usually geodetic coordinate system transformation is need to use GPS data directly. Basically GPS surveying results are length and direction of base line. Authors could use the relational distance and direction within two stations, directly, in practical coordinates system without the transformation of coordinates in GPS data. The triple differenced carrier phase obserbables yields the relative positioning between the co-observing receivers, usually referred to as the 3-dimensional vector between the stations. In this study, we could obtained the practical position data without coordinate transformation, with known geodetic results of Korea and GPS triple differenced carrier phase observables.

자연환경방사선에 의한 피폭선량(유효선량당량)의 종합적 해석연구

전재식,채하석,이병영,김현창,이동준,김도성,엄두하 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 연구논문집 Vol.10 No.-

자연환경방사선의 세 가지 주요 요소인 지각방사선, 우주선 전리성분 및 라돈과 그 자핵종이 주는 선량을 측정, 해석하였는 바 18개월간에 걸쳐 대전, 수원, 경산 지역에 대하여 수행하고 이를 종합하여 유효선량당량으로 평가하였다. 지각방사선과 우주선 전리성분 측정을 위하여 3"∮×3" Nal(Tl) 섬광검출기와 휴대형 다중파고분석기를 이용한 감마선 분광분석 및 ^7LiF PTEE disk TLD에 의한 적산선량측정을 병행하였고, 공기중 라돈농도의 측정은 CR-39 고체비적검출기를 내장한 라돈컵을 설계제작하여 사용하였으며 비적수 라돈농도 교정인자는 스웨덴 국립방사선 방호연구소의 표준 라돈 챔버내에서 조사하여 결정하였다. 세 지역의 가연방사선에 의한 유효선량당량에는 약간의 수치적 차이는 있었으나 본질적 차이는 찾아볼 수 없었으며 지역 측정치의 분산가중 평균치는 지각방사선 (463±3)uSvㆍy^-1[(52.9±0.3)nSvㆍh^-1], 우주선 전리성분 (287±15)uSvㆍy^-1[(32.8±1.7)nSvㆍy^-1]로 외부 피폭이 (775±9)uSvㆍy^-1[(88.5±1.0)nSvㆍy^-1]였으며 라돈과 그 자핵종에 의한 내부피폭은 (1973±298)uSvㆍy^-1[(225.2±34.0)nSvㆍy^-1]였다. 따라서 자연황경방사선에 의한 여간 총 선량당량은 (2762±296)uSvㆍy^-1[(315.3±34.0)nSvㆍh^-1]로 평가되었는데 이 값들은 UN보고서^(11)에 나온 “정상적 자연방사선 지역”의 값과 비교할 만한 타당한 값으로 나타났다. Assessment of effective dose equivalent from natural environmental radiation that consists of terrestrial gamma­ray, ionizing component of cosmic­ray and alpha­rays of atmospheric radon and its decay products has been carried out for 18 months in Daejeon, Suwon and Kyungsan areas. A 3"∮×3"cylindrical Nal(Ti) scintillation detector in association with portable multichannel analyser and ^7LiF PTFE disk TLDs were used for the measurement of terrestrial gamma­ray and cosmic­ray ionizing component, while self­designed radon­cups with CR-39 SSNTD attached to the inside bottom were used for the integral measurement of at­mospheric radon concentration. Determination of calibration factor for converting track density of CR-39 detector to radon concentration was made by irradiation of radon­cups in the standard radon chamber of Swedish National Institute of Radiation Protection. Although resultant effective dose equivalents of three different measurment points show minor numerical differences, no essential discripancy between the places was found. The variance weighted means of the annual effective dose equivalents of each component of radiation from the tree places came out to be: (463±3)uSvㆍy^-1[(52.9±0.3)nSvㆍy^-1] for terrestrial gamma­ray, (287±15)uSvㆍy^-1[(32.8±1.7)nSvㆍy^-1] for ionizing component of cosmic­ray and (1973±298)uSvㆍy^-1[(225.2±34.0)nSvㆍy^-1] for internal exposure of radon and its decay products. Consequent total effective dose equivalent turned out to be (2762±298)uSvㆍy^-1[(315.3±34.0)nSvㆍy^-1], which if reasonably comparable with that appeared in UNSCEAR Report^[11]as per caput annual effective dose equivalent in “areas of normal back ground radiation.”

化粧品 容器 디자인의 開發方向에 관한 硏究

이재하,김제준 남서울대학교 2000 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

As a means to transport, protect and retain goods, packages are indispensable to all products no matter what they are. In addition, packages with appropriate design works can draw customers' attention, giving a synergy to its original function. Because cosmetics is a high involvement product where fashion trends are stressed, packages for cosmetic products as well as their containers are very much valued. According to the data from a survey made by a famous cosmetics company in Korea, about 40% of the total sales is being made at those retail outlets specialized in cosmetics. At those cosmetics shops, the products of various brand are being displayed in many styles for sale. As customers can easily compare one with another under this circumstance, the package design starts to act as a POP(Point of Purchase) ADs. Also, in the cases of cyber shopping and sales via TV ADs, product design carries a critical role in the decision-making process of customers to buy the specific product. As the cosmetics industry continues to develop, treatment cosmetics which provide specific benefits for skin are actively studied and developed by many cosmetics brands. For such trend in cosmetics industry seems to last for a longtime, the package design for cosmetic products including the functional design factors for containers to preserve the essence of the contents may be required to undergo some creative changes. Because cosmetics, especially, is a product to improve human life, allowing the consumers to keep the skin condition to look younger and more beautiful, and be more personalized through color and scent, it has more creative factors to be applied to the package design than any other manufactured goods. Through this study, we will take a look at the concept of container design and its features, the way to develop container design, and the contribution of package to a product.

주혈관이 하나만 남은 하퇴부 연부조직 결손 환자에서 비복혈관(sural vessel)을 수혜혈관으로 한 유리피판 전이

변재경,하범준,현원석,김재중,신명수 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

Free flaps have been widely used in lower leg reconstruction. However, in cases with extensive injury to the vessels as well as to the bone and soft tissues, and having only one intact major vessel in the lower leg(single vessel leg), careful selection of recipient vessels for the free flap transfer is mandatory for preventing further vascular compromise of the distal lower leg. The sural artery and its vena comitantes are frequently protected form externally harmful forces by the bulky surrounding gastrocnemius muscle and can be used as recipient vessles for free flaps without any detrimental influence on the vascularity of the distal lower leg. In our department, three latissimus dorsi muscle free flap were transferred with sural vessels as recipient vessels in the reconstruction of the single vessel legs. Except for one case of flap failure due to serious infection at the microvascular anastomoses site, all the other cases were successfully reconstructed without any necrosis of the gastrocnemius muscle or the distal leg. In addition, the sural vessels were easily accessed in any patient position and their caliber was similar to that of the vascular pedicles of the donor muscle flaps. In conclusion, the sural vessels can be another useful option in selecting recipient vessels for free flap transfer in the reconstruction of the single vessel leg.

중증 두부 손상 환자의 예후 인자에 대한 임상 분석 : Clinical Prognostic Factors

송준석,하은주,이종수,이승재,박효일 대한신경외과학회 1993 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.22 No.2

A clinical analysis was carried out retrospectively with 54 cases of severe head injured patients(Glasgow Coma Scale score 3 to 8) in identify prognostic factors. Unawareness for over 1 month, abnormal pupillary reaction, abnormal motor response pattern, and diffuse head injury with basal cisternal compression prove to be the most reliable predictors. Individual predictions of outcome provide a powerful tool for assessing the relative efficacy of alternative treatments.

人工衛星 映像解析에 의한 綠地自然度 分類技法

곽재하,강인준,최철웅 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.49 No.-

본 연구는 인공위성 "landsat-5"호를 이용하여 영상분류하는 데 있어 지금까지 특정한 밴드만을 사용하는 기존의 방법을 개선하여 7밴드 모두를 사용하였다. 각 밴드별의 밝기값은 ISODATA 분류방식을 이용하여 획득하였으며 각 영상에서 획득한 자료는 그리드 해석방법으로 해석하기위하여 그리드 형태로 변환하였다. 이과정에서 각 밴드별 밝기값은 통계학적 정확한 분석방법으로 역산출하여 재분류를 하였다. 또 본 연구는 칼라항공사진을 이용하여 검정을 하였으며 기존의 arctangent, ratio, ND, TVI방법과 비교 연구를 병행하였다. Authors analyzed the 7 bands of Lands at TM data rather than use of a certain specific band according to their divergence of band to classify the satellite image data. The range of brightness values in minimum and maximum were detected by ISODATA unsupervised classification. Each detected Image datum are transformed into grid file to analysis the extracted values by grid analysis method. Reclassification performed using extracted values of each classes by their statistic accuracy analysis. Authors can accesses the accuracy of classification values using the color airphoto(scale 1:10,000). Classification method are arctangent, ratio, ND and TVI to compare with this classification techniques.

회맹장 판막에 발생한 아니사키스증 1례

이재익,박정하,김준영,조영완,진한영,강명주,정은욱,박석주,양성연 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Anisakiasis refers to parasitic infestation by nematode larvae that belongs to the subfamily Anisakinae, and this condition is seen in people who eat inadequately prepared or raw salt-water fish. While gastric anisakiasis is commonly diagnosed by endoscopic technique, intestinal anisakiasis is rare because it is less common and the clinical and radiologic features are poorly understood. The authors report a case of human anisakiasis involving the ileocecal valve in 62-year-old man who had the history of eating raw cuttlefish.